Matter-Energy Equivalence

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (10) ◽  
pp. 1567-1602
Author(s):  
Grit Kalies
Keyword(s):  
Special Relativity ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Energy Equivalent ◽  
Energy Equivalence ◽  
Laws Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Equivalent Property ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Matter Energy

AbstractOver the last two centuries, thermodynamics has contributed significantly to technical and industrial progress. According to phenomenological thermodynamics developed by Rudolf Clausius and Josiah Willard Gibbs, properties such as volume or interface represent energetic qualities of a real body. In the present work, the energy concepts of thermodynamics and special relativity are connected with each other. The plausibility of complete mass-energy equivalence is evaluated within the thermodynamic context. Einstein’s interpretation of the well-known equation E = mc2 as complete mass-energy equivalence results as a special case for idealized moving point masses – according to the assumptions of the theory of special relativity. It is shown that mass is one energy-equivalent property of matter, but not the only one, because complete mass-energy equivalence contradicts the principle of conservation of energy. Thermodynamics suggests matter-energy equivalence. In accordance with the two main laws of thermodynamics and corresponding with experimental facts, it forms the basis of an in-depth understanding of nature and provides impetus for the research in quantum physics, thermodynamics and astrophysics.

A solution of the time paradox of physics

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grit Kalies
Keyword(s):  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Quantum Level ◽  
Energy Equivalence ◽  
Time Arrow ◽  
Laws Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Time Concepts ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
The One ◽  
Matter Energy

AbstractQuantum mechanics for describing the behavior of microscopic entities and thermodynamics for describing macroscopic systems exhibit separate time concepts. Whereas many theories of modern physics interpret processes as reversible, in thermodynamics, an expression for irreversibility and the so-called time arrow has been developed: the increase of entropy. The divergence between complete reversibility on the one hand and irreversibility on the other is called the paradox of time. Since more than hundred years many efforts have been devoted to unify the time concepts. So far, the efforts were not successful. In this paper a solution is proposed on the basis of matter-energy equivalence with an energetic distinction between matter and mass. By refraining from interpretations predominant in modern theoretical physics, the first and second laws of thermodynamics can be extended to fundamental laws of nature, which are also valid at quantum level.

scholarly journals Faster than Light: Again on the Lorentz Transformations

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine Cataldo
Keyword(s):  
Special Relativity ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Lorentz Transformations ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Formal Validity ◽  
Energy Equivalence ◽  
Faster Than Light

<p class="1Body">The Lorentz transformations can be considered, without any doubt whatsoever, as the backbone of the theory of Special Relativity. Nonetheless, both the conventional derivation of the transformations and the meaning commonly assigned to them have been often savagely criticized, to the extent that, despite an alleged empirical evidence, the whole Special Relativity, in several occasions, has been brought into question. This paper is finalized to more thoroughly discuss a line of reasoning, elsewhere used in order to carry out an alternative deduction of the mass – energy equivalence, that may lead, amongst other things, towards the assignment of a new meaning to the Lorentz transformations, without any loss of formal validity. The transformations can be alternatively deduced once assumed some noteworthy hypotheses concerning our Universe, among which the existence of at least a further spatial dimension stands out. It is fundamental to underline that time is supposed as being absolute.</p>

scholarly journals On the Photon’s Identity: Implications for Relativity and Cosmology

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Ogaba Philip Obande
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Pair Production ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Production Mechanism ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Harmonic Motion ◽  
Energy Equivalence ◽  
Matter Energy

<p class="1Body">Light is investigated with simple harmonic motion formalism; the procedure reveals the photon’s physical characteristics but fails to provide its exact identity. Its speed identifies with angular velocity, i.e., c = w<sub>pho</sub> s<sup>-1</sup> = 2.99792458 x 10<sup>8</sup> rad s<sup>-1</sup>, its velocity v<sub>pho</sub> = πc and radius r<sub>pho</sub> = π m. In other words, it is a non-matter energy packet which radiates at a characteristic radio frequency 0-<sub>pho</sub> = 47.71345 MHz and <sub class="1Body">pho</sub> = 2π m. Although the wavelength corresponds to λ values of wave (bosonic) forms of Cd and In, the quantum mass does not register with an element of the chemical periodicity. Notably, its rest mass is well above the electron’s and raises mass conservation issues with the pair production mechanism γ + γ ↔ e<sup>+</sup> + e<sup>−</sup>. The evidence reveals that no natural e-m radiation oscillates above ϑ ~7 x 10<sup>9</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>; microcosmic particulate “dark” matter is identified with α- emitters, therefore, detectable. The result also suggests redefinition of the mass-energy equivalence formulation in terms of velocity rather than speed. Implications of these findings for Relativity and Cosmology are highlighted.</p>

scholarly journals A Physical Theory of Information

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manouchehr Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Black Hole Thermodynamics ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Energy Equivalence ◽  
Physical Information ◽  
Fundamental Equations ◽  
Special Case

In this article, I develop a general notion of physical bit information which is compatible with the basics of quantum mechanics and incorporates the Shannon entropy as a special case. This notion of physical information leads to Binary data matrix model (BDM) which predicts the basic results of quantum mechanics, general relativity, and black hole thermodynamics. the compatibility of the model with holographic, information conservation and Landauers principles is investigated. After deriving the Bit Information principle as a consequence of BDM, the fundamental equations of Planck, De Broglie, Beckenstein and mass-energy equivalence are derived.

scholarly journals Retraction Note: Mass–Energy Equivalence Extension onto a Superfluid Quantum Vacuum

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrit Srečko Šorli
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Energy Equivalence

Editor's Note: this Article has been retracted; the Retraction Note is available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80949-z.

scholarly journals The Total Energy and Momentum Stored in a Particle

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Eyal Brodet
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Decay Time ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Minimum Time ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Light Velocity ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Energy And Momentum

In this paper we reconsider the conventional expressions given by special relativity to the energy and momentum of a particle. In the current framework, the particle's energy and momentum are computed using the particle's rest mass, M and rest mass time, t_m=h/M c^2  where t_m has the same time unit as conventionally used for the light velocity c. Therefore it is currently assumed that this definition of time describes the total kinetic and mass energy of a particle as given by special relativity. In this paper we will reexamine the above assumption and suggest describing the particle's energy as a function of its own particular decay time and not with respect to its rest mass time unit. Moreover we will argue that this rest mass time unit currently used is in fact the minimum time unit defined for a particle and that the particle may have more energy stored with in it. Experimental ways to search for this extra energy stored in particles such as electrons and photons are presented.

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