scholarly journals The Total Energy and Momentum Stored in a Particle

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Eyal Brodet
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Decay Time ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Minimum Time ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Light Velocity ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Energy And Momentum

In this paper we reconsider the conventional expressions given by special relativity to the energy and momentum of a particle. In the current framework, the particle's energy and momentum are computed using the particle's rest mass, M and rest mass time, t_m=h/M c^2  where t_m has the same time unit as conventionally used for the light velocity c. Therefore it is currently assumed that this definition of time describes the total kinetic and mass energy of a particle as given by special relativity. In this paper we will reexamine the above assumption and suggest describing the particle's energy as a function of its own particular decay time and not with respect to its rest mass time unit. Moreover we will argue that this rest mass time unit currently used is in fact the minimum time unit defined for a particle and that the particle may have more energy stored with in it. Experimental ways to search for this extra energy stored in particles such as electrons and photons are presented.

Statistical relativistic particle

1967 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Gilson
Keyword(s):  
Relativistic Particle ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Statistical Structure ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
Exact Measurement ◽  
Statistical Sense ◽  
Instantaneous Values ◽  
Energy And Momentum

This paper arises from the observation by Dirac [1] that an exact measurement of the velocity of an electron should give one of the instantaneous values ± c. The velocity v < c with which the electron moves bodily is in some statistical sense an average. This aspect of the quantum states of motion of a relativistic particle has frequently been mentioned [2], [3] and, as is wellknown, is connected with the self energy problem. Such deductions from quantum mechanics have led the author to consider the possibility of constructing from purely statistical ideas an entity having the physical properties of a relativistic elementary particle. One might reasonably hope to build up characteristics such as rest mass and spin in such a scheme. Properties such as energy and momentum will arise as averages over fluctuating random quantities. In this paper we shall concentrate on rest mass, energy and momentum. We shall show that a zero rest mass object which is regarded as being imbedded in a statistical structure emulates the characteristic of rest mass. The average energy and momentum of this statistical system are then shown to satisfy the usual classical relativistic relation between energy and momentum. The statistical structure chosen is that of an object with a randomly orientated velocity vector, c, which has a fixed magnitude c … |c| where c is the velocity of light.

scholarly journals Mass energy and momentum in the special relativity with variable speed of light

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Dong ◽  
Dong Jun
Keyword(s):  
Special Relativity ◽  
Step Function ◽  
Red Giants ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
Function Relationship ◽  
Energy And Momentum

Abstract On the basis of establishing the special theory of relativity with variable speed of light and obtaining the step function relationship between mass and speed, this article further seeks the proper collocations of mass, energy and momentum allowed by the "ontology" of moving masses which are in various stages of motion properties or in different physical environments. Three ontology collocation types are obtained. If we consider the basic fact that the lower the energy, the more stable it is, the real physical world ranges from astrophysics issues such as white dwarfs, red giants, and celestial space speeds, to the various light and heavy elementary particles existence, combination and performance，which qualitative knowledge can all be derived from the "ontology collocation ". Two of these three types of collocations are derived from the mass-velocity step function relationship contented of quantum properties, so all the quantum phenomena of modern physics will not be obliterated. It is hoped that the modern physics knowledge accumulated in the laboratory and the scattered various theories will be explained under the dominance of a classic theory. The article also deduced the conversion relationship between the inertial system S and S’ of the three collocation types of mass, energy and momentum of the moving mass. Derive the upgrade and downgrade law of the complete special relativity system, this also greatly expands the way to understand modern physics from the theory of relativity.

Energy and momentum in general relativity. II. The total energy and momentum of an isolated axi-symmetric system generating gravitational waves

1964 ◽  
Vol 282 (1390) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Symmetric System ◽  
Uniform Motion ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Invariant Integrals ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Energy And Momentum

In the preceding paper the author has developed a theory in which the components of the total 4-momentum of a system are given in terms of four invariant integrals. The theory is applied to the axi-symmetric solution of the general relativity field equations for an isolated system generating gravitational waves obtained by Bondi, van der Burg & Metzner. It is shown that the total energy of the system agrees exactly with the definition of mass adopted by these authors. An expression is obtained for the total momentum along the axis of symmetry. A Schwarzschild system in uniform motion is considered as an example of non-radiative motion.

An extension of the Newtonian law of gravitation

1960 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Bastin
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Velocity Of Propagation ◽  
The Universe

ABSTRACTAn attempt is made to relate such diverse phenomena as kinetic energy, rest mass energy, the size of the universe, the velocity of propagation both of light and gravitation, and the recession of the galaxies. The correlation is made by considering an extension of the Newtonian gravitational law which covers a particular simple case when the two attracting bodies are in relative motion. The extension is treated as postulatory, although in the last section using the idea of gravitational flux, the assumed gravitational law will be shown to be the simplest of a number of possible extensions to the Newtonian law. The paper implies a new approach to special relativity, and it is therefore hoped to treat aspects of the work in greater detail subsequently.

Classical electrodynamics as a distribution theory. II

1958 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Distribution Theory ◽  
Classical Electrodynamics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Energy And Momentum

ABSTRACTIn a previous paper by the author (3) it was shown how the theory of distributions of L. Schwartz enables a mathematically consistent formalism to be given for a system composed of point charges interacting through their classical electromagnetic field. In the present paper a definition of the energy and momentum of the field lying in a space-like surface is given, and it is shown that from this four-vector it is possible to derive the usual equation of conservation of total energy and momentum.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between the Possibility of a Hidden Variable in Time, Possible Photon Mass, Particle's Energy, Momentum and Special Relativity

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Eyal Brodet
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Decay Time ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Particle Energy ◽  
Photon Mass ◽  
Hidden Variable ◽  
Particle Decay ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper we will discuss the relationship between a possible hidden variable in time, f_r, and possible photon mass, particle energy, momentum and special relativity. One of the implications of the possibility of a hidden variable in time that may explains the origin of unstable particle decay time distributions, is the possible existence of f_r for stable particle such as photons. It will be discussed, that f_r may be linked to the photons spin and wave function, which may lead to the conclusion that the photon has a rest mass. More specifically, it will be argued that in order to explain the photon's large energy range, the photon may have a set of masses. Following the above, a correction to the energy and momentum's expressions given by special relativity will be presented. Possible experimental ways to test the above will be discussed.

Statistical relativistic particle

1967 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 389-396
Author(s):  
J. G. Gilson
Keyword(s):  
Relativistic Particle ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Statistical Structure ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
Exact Measurement ◽  
Statistical Sense ◽  
Instantaneous Values ◽  
Energy And Momentum

This paper arises from the observation by Dirac [1] that an exact measurement of the velocity of an electron should give one of the instantaneous values ± c. The velocity v &lt; c with which the electron moves bodily is in some statistical sense an average. This aspect of the quantum states of motion of a relativistic particle has frequently been mentioned [2], [3] and, as is wellknown, is connected with the self energy problem. Such deductions from quantum mechanics have led the author to consider the possibility of constructing from purely statistical ideas an entity having the physical properties of a relativistic elementary particle. One might reasonably hope to build up characteristics such as rest mass and spin in such a scheme. Properties such as energy and momentum will arise as averages over fluctuating random quantities. In this paper we shall concentrate on rest mass, energy and momentum. We shall show that a zero rest mass object which is regarded as being imbedded in a statistical structure emulates the characteristic of rest mass. The average energy and momentum of this statistical system are then shown to satisfy the usual classical relativistic relation between energy and momentum. The statistical structure chosen is that of an object with a randomly orientated velocity vector, c, which has a fixed magnitude c … |c| where c is the velocity of light.

scholarly journals Numerical investigations of stainless steel melt motions on the surface of uranium dioxide

2019 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 00005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard V. Usov ◽  
Pavel D. Lobanov ◽  
Ilya A. Klimonov ◽  
Alexander E. Kutlimetov ◽  
Anton A. Butov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Uranium Dioxide ◽  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Mass Energy ◽  
Numerical Investigations ◽  
Fuel Rod ◽  
The Core ◽  
Fuel Pin ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
Coolant Velocity

The paper contains the results of numerical simulation of stainless steel melt motions on the surface of uranium dioxide. The investigations are performed for purposes of understanding of the fuel rod behavior during the core disruptive accident in the fast reactors. The systems of mass, energy and momentum conservation equations are solved to simulate melt motion on the surface of the fuel pin. Heat transfer and friction between melt and pin's surface and melt and coolant flow are taken into consideration. The dependences of mass of the melt and the features of the melt motion on coolant velocity and contact angle between melt and surface of the fuel rod are presented.

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