An Ion-Imprinted Imidazole-Functionalized Ordered Mesoporous Silica For Selective Removal of Chromium(VI) From Electroplating Effluents

In this work, ion imprinted technology incorporated with mesoporous silica materials (MCM-41) to obtain the novel specific adsorbent, ion imprinted mesoporous silica. Cr(VI) imprinted mesoporous silica (Cr(VI)IMS) was synthesized and used for adsorption studies and waste water application. A synthesized imidazolyl silane agent act as the functional monomer in the imprinted process to build up highly ordered functionalized imprinted materials. The chemical composition, thermal stability, porosity and highly ordered morphology were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid state nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area was 1054.51 m2 g-1 in this study. The Cr(VI)IMS showed great adsorption capacity to hexavalent chromium ions in acidic solution up to 45.6 mg g-1. Cr(VI)IMS displayed much higher adsorption capacity to Cr(VI) ions than other negative ions. The relative selectivity coefficient was 2.56, higher than those of other anions (below 1.5). After eight adsorption-regeneration cycles, the adsorption efficiency of Cr(VI)IMS still reached 92.5%. The Cr(VI)IMS was found to exhibit equivalent property after multiple cycles of experiments, indicating good repeatability and reproducibility.

A Study to Derive Equivalent Mechanical Properties of Porous Materials with Orthotropic Elasticity

The need for diverse materials has emerged as industry becomes more developed, and there is a need for materials with pores in various industries, including the energy storage field. However, there is difficulty in product design and development using the finite element method because the mechanical properties of a porous material are different from those of a base material due to the pores. Therefore, in this study, a Python program that can estimate the equivalent property of a material with pores was developed and its matching was verified through comparison with the measurement results. For high-efficiency calculation, the pores were assumed to be circular or elliptical, and they were also assumed to be equally distributed in each direction. The material with pores was assumed to be an orthotropic material, and its equivalent mechanical properties were calculated using the equivalent strain and equivalent stress by using the appropriate material property matrix. The material properties of a specimen with the simulated pores were measured using UTM, and the results were compared with the simulation results to confirm that the degree of matching achieved 6.4%. It is expected that this study will contribute to the design and development of a product in the industrial field.

Applying Machine Learning to Develop Lane Control Principles for Mixed Traffic

The mixed traffic environment often has high accident rates. Therefore, many motorcycle-related traffic improvements or control methods are employed in countries with mixed traffic, including slow-traffic lanes, motorcycle two-stage left turn areas, and motorcycle waiting zones. In Taiwan, motorcycles can ride in only the two outermost lanes, including the curb lane and a mixed traffic lane. This study analyzed the new motorcycle-riding space control policy on 27 major arterial roads containing 248 road segments in Taipei by analyzing before-and-after accident data from the years 2012–2018. In this study, the equivalent-property-damage-only (EPDO) method was used to evaluate the severity of crashes before and after the cancelation of the third lane prohibition of motorcycles (TLPM) policy. After EPDO analysis, the random forest analysis method was used to screen the crucial factors in accidents for specific road segments. Finally, a classification and regression tree (CART) was created to predict the accident improvement effects of the road segments with discontinued TLPM in different situations. Furthermore, to provide practical applications, this study integrated the CART results and the needs of traffic authorities to determine four rules for canceling TLPM. In the future, on the accident-prone road segment with TLPM, the inspection of the four rules can provide the authority to decide whether to cancel TLPM to improve the accident or not.

SUSPENSIVE CIVIL REMEDIES FOR THE RIGHTS TO MEANS OF INDIVIDUALIZATION FROM UNFAIR COMPETITION: CIVIL-LAW RATIONALE

The article presents an analysis of the concept and methods of civil protection of rights to the means of individualization. The study provided grounds to identify common features of liability and protection measures: aimed at their impact on the offender; aim to protect the rights and interests of the victim; can be implemented both voluntarily and compulsorily; directly enshrined in law; have a retrospective character; can be used alone or in combination. Distinctive features are also available. The following criteria are defined: the first criterion is the presence of non-equivalent property deprivations in civil liability; the second criterion: invariability of protection measures and variability of liability measures; the third criterion is the temporal (temporal) criterion; the fourth criterion for distinguishing between liability and protection measures are the forms of their implementation. Thus, the study provides grounds to identify common features of liability and protection measures: aimed at their impact on the offender; aimed at protecting the rights and interests of the victim. The study provided grounds to identify common features of liability and protection measures: aimed at their impact on the offender; aim to protect the rights and interests of the victim; can be implemented both voluntarily and compulsorily; directly enshrined in law; have a retrospective character; can be used alone or in combination. Distinctive features are also available. The following criteria are defined: the first criterion is the presence of non-equivalent property deprivation in civil liability; the second criterion: invariability of protection measures and variability of liability measures; the third criterion is the temporal (temporal) criterion; the fourth criterion for distinguishing between liability and protection measures are the forms of their implementation. Thus, the study provides grounds to identify common features of liability and protection measures: aimed at their impact on the offender; aimed at protecting the rights and interests of the victim.Key words: civil - legal protection of rights; means of individualization; intellectual property; unfair competition; measures of responsibility and protection.

Modeling and Vibration Analysis of a Porous Rotational Shell Based on Biot Theory

Combining the Biot theory and classical elastic theory for thin shells, a new dynamic model of a thin fluid-saturated porous rotational shell is proposed. First-order ordinary differential control equations of the porous rotational shell are derived in the frequency domain. These equations are then solved by using the precise element method. The accuracy of this model has been verified by comparing with a vibration experiment. Moreover, the comparisons between the present model and two equivalent property models are carried out. Because the present approach considers the fluid-solid coupling effect and makes no assumptions for the fluid displacements, it is more accurate in the high-frequency range. Lastly, the dynamic characteristics of porous rotational shells are demonstrated by the proposed method.

Some Properties of D-Operator on Hilbert Space

In this paper, we introduce a new type of Drazin invertible operator on Hilbert spaces, which is called D-operator. Then, some properties of the class of D-operators are studied. We prove that the D-operator preserves the scalar product, the unitary equivalent property, the product and sum of two D-operators are not D-operator in general but the direct product and tenser product is also D-operator.

Comprehensive Evaluation of a Sparse Dataset, Assessment and Selection of Competing Models

With tremendous associated economic and social costs of crashes, researchers have been trying not only to identify the factors affecting crashes, but also to estimate those coefficients in the most accurate ways. Estimating model coefficients without accounting for a correct distribution would result in biased and erroneous results. This risk especially holds true when modeling skewed equivalent property damage only (EPDO) crashes with a preponderance of zeroes. The distribution of EPDO is known for not being modeled with known distributions such as Poisson or negative binomial distributions. This issue is highlighted in particular for a mountainous state like Wyoming that has very low traffic levels and a severely high crash rate. In addition, we included barriers in the model that did not experience any crashes but did suffer from being under-designed by geometric architects, thereby adding to the number of zero count observations. Various models with different distributional characteristics were considered and compared in this study. Comparisons were not just made across models in terms of their goodness of fit, but the estimated coefficients were also compared to see the impact of considering the wrong distributional assumptions on model parameter estimates. As the objectives of this study are to implement the identified results for optimization purposes and locate hazardous locations that could host future crashes, the results highlight accurate model estimations and the consequences of a failure to account for the right distributions. After conducting different goodness-of-fit measures, a hurdle model was proposed in this study to accommodate observations with zero crashes, and to account for a sparse distribution of EPDO crashes in the state of Wyoming. For the hurdle model, binary logistic regression was used to account for observations with zero crashes, while the negative binomial method was considered for non-zero observations. The findings of this study have direct implications on the allocation of limited funds for policymakers in Wyoming, as optimization could be conducted on the geometric characteristics of traffic barriers in future studies.

Matter-Energy Equivalence

Over the last two centuries, thermodynamics has contributed significantly to technical and industrial progress. According to phenomenological thermodynamics developed by Rudolf Clausius and Josiah Willard Gibbs, properties such as volume or interface represent energetic qualities of a real body. In the present work, the energy concepts of thermodynamics and special relativity are connected with each other. The plausibility of complete mass-energy equivalence is evaluated within the thermodynamic context. Einstein’s interpretation of the well-known equation E = mc2 as complete mass-energy equivalence results as a special case for idealized moving point masses – according to the assumptions of the theory of special relativity. It is shown that mass is one energy-equivalent property of matter, but not the only one, because complete mass-energy equivalence contradicts the principle of conservation of energy. Thermodynamics suggests matter-energy equivalence. In accordance with the two main laws of thermodynamics and corresponding with experimental facts, it forms the basis of an in-depth understanding of nature and provides impetus for the research in quantum physics, thermodynamics and astrophysics.