Private Labor Market Intermediaries in the Europeanized Live-in Care Market between Germany and Poland: A Typology

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-392
Author(s):  
Simone Leiber ◽  
Kamil Matuszczyk ◽  
Verena Rossow
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Care Workers

AbstractThis article looks at the role of private companies involved in organizing so-called live-in care arrangements between two EU member states, Germany and Poland. Due to gaps in the public long-term care system, employing livein migrant care workers in private households has become a widespread individualized solution to rising long-term care needs in Germany. Since eastern EU enlargement, private brokerage agencies placing Polish live-in migrant care workers in German households have grown considerably. Building on approaches conceptualizing the role of intermediaries in formalizing domestic work, we aim to provide a more fine-grained typology of private brokerage agencies, taking into account not only the legal environment and structural features of these private enterprises, but also their strategic positioning under conditions of high legal uncertainty in the EU multi-level governance system. By analyzing corporate as well as political strategies of these intermediaries, we distinguish three different agency types we call pioneers, minimum effort players and followers.

“Then They Trust You …”

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsha Love ◽  
Felipe Tendick-Matesanz ◽  
Jane Thomason ◽  
Davine Carter ◽  
Myra Glassman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Physical Independence ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Communications Skills ◽  
Home Care Workers

The home care workforce, already at 2.7 million caregivers, will become the nation’s fastest growing occupation by 2024 as the senior boom generation accelerates the demand for in home services to meet its long-term care needs. The physically challenging work of assisting clients with intimate, essential acts of daily living places home care workers (HCWs) at risk for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs); yet, HCWs typically receive little formal job training and may lack appropriate assistive devices. In this qualitative pilot study, HCW focus groups described workplace MSD risk factors and identified problem-solving strategies to improve ergonomic conditions. The results revealed that HCWs rely on their behavioral insights, self-styled communications skills and caring demeanor to navigate MSD risks to themselves and increase clients’ physical independence of movement. We suggest changes in employer and government policies to acknowledge HCWs as valued team members in long-term care and to enhance their effectiveness as caregivers.

scholarly journals 519 - PET@home: Research protocol for a toolkit to improve care for non-residential long term care clients owning pets

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 68-68
Author(s):  
Ruslan Leontjevas ◽  
Marie-José Enders-Slegers ◽  
Peter Reniers ◽  
Ine Declerq ◽  
Debby Gerritsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Social Support Network ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Residential Long Term Care

BackgroundOver half of the households in The Netherlands have one or more pets. In elderly people, owning a pet is associated with a better quality of life and less loneliness, anxiety, depression and agitation. Many non-residential long term care (LTC) clients rely on support of others to take care of their pets. However, that may place a significant burden on the social support network of the LTC client. Issues relevant to keeping pets are not explicitly incorporated in the Dutch Long-term Care Act. Many LTC organizations have no instruments for care workers, clients and their family (1) to consolidate the positive role of pets for clients’ quality of life and (2) to address whether it is possible to keep the pets and to organize care accordingly.Research ObjectivesTo help care workers, clients and their family to gain insight into the role of the pets in the clients’ life and their social support network; to develop practical instruments that help making decisions about owning and caring for pets.MethodPLAN: In months 0-16, a narrative systematic review will be conducted (STUDY 1.1) on the meaning of pets for elderly people in general. A qualitative STUDY 1.2 with LTC clients, their informal carers and care professionals will validate and further explore the topic. STUDY 1.3 and 1.4 develop and (cognitively) validate work cards for interviews of clients and relatives by care providers. In months 17-29, an Experience based co-design method (STUDIES 2.1-2.3) will be used to develop the PET@home toolkit. The method includes (1) discovery interviews (10 clients and their family), (2) focus groups with healthcare providers (N = 2x6); (3) focus groups with 6-8 clients and informal and professional carers. In STUDY 3.1, potential users will pre-test the Toolkit. In months 30-34, a process evaluation (STUDY 3.2) is performed in 10-15 clients. A dissemination and an implementation plan will be developed.ConclusionsThe project will result in an innovative PET@home toolkit that will help to assess the pets role in the clients’ quality of life and support network, and will help making decisions about owning and caring for pets.

Long-Term Care

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pestieau ◽  
Mathieu Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance

This chapter is concerned with the rise in long-term care needs. Long-term care concerns individuals who are no longer able to carry out basic daily activities. Most of the care is currently provided by informal caregivers, mainly the family, while the role of formal care provided by the state or the market remains small. The chapter explains, however, why informal care is expected to decline and analyses the low private insurance development, the so-called long-term care insurance puzzle. These two factors, the decreasing role of the family and a thin insurance market, plead for the development of a full fledge social insurance for long-term care. The chapter then looks at the optimal design of such an insurance.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Predictors of Hiring Live-In Migrant Care Workers to Support Community Dwelling Older Adults with Long-Term Care Needs: Recent Evidence from a Central Italian Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5349
Author(s):  
Oliver Fisher ◽  
Paolo Fabbietti ◽  
Giovanni Lamura
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Need Of Care ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Economic Predictors

To meet the rising demand for home care, many families in Italy hire live-in migrant care workers (MCWs). However, the reliance on MCWs to provide long-term care (LTC) and a lack of alternative formal care services raises concerns around equality in access to care. This study aimed to determine the socio-economic predictors of hiring live-in MCWs among older adults with LTC needs in Italy, the objective care burden placed on MCWs, and the financial barriers that people in need of care and informal caregivers face when hiring MCWs, analysing data from a cross-sectional questionnaire with 366 older adults with LTC needs and their primary family caregivers living in the Marche region. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate the predictors of hiring a live-in MCW. Having a primary caregiver that had a high school education or above significantly increased the odds of hiring a live-in MCW (Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.880), as did receiving a social pension (OR = 2.258). Over half (57.5 percent) of the people in need of care had difficulties in affording the costs of hiring an MCW in the past year. To increase the sustainability of the Italian MCW market and reduce socio-economic barriers to accessing care, the Italian Government should increase funding for LTC benefits and add means testing and restrictions on the use of cash-for-care allowances.

Long-Term Care

2021 ◽  
pp. 523-539
Author(s):  
August Österle ◽  
Heinz Rothgang
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Welfare State Policies

This chapter describes and analyses the current state of long-term care and long-term care policies around the world. In the first part, after briefly retracing historical developments, the chapter examines the ways in which welfare state policies address long-term care. It studies regulation, finance, and delivery of long-term care. In the second part, the interconnectedness of welfare state policies, the role of families, non-profit, and for-profit market sectors, as well as novel arrangements between state, market, and family, in particular migrant care work, move to the centre of analysis. The third part focuses on major challenges and perspectives for long-term care systems and for long-term care research. Starting from a discussion of future long-term care needs and costs, it addresses the role of families in long-term care, workforce issues, financial sustainability, the quality of care, and the role of technological advancement for long-term care. With increasing needs and the changing contexts in which care is organized, long-term care has become a key concern of welfare state development in the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals The Effect of Increasing State Minimum Wage on Family Caregiving

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 502-502
Author(s):  
Eric Jutkowitz ◽  
Derek Lake ◽  
Peter Shewmaker
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Federal Minimum Wage ◽  
Care Workers

Abstract Paid long-term care workers, such as personal care aides, compliment family caregivers in the delivery of care for people with long-term care needs. Nearly 12% of paid long-term care workers live in poverty. There is a call to raise the federal minimum wage from $7.25/hr to $15/hr. Long-term care workers may financially benefit from an increase in minimum wage, but families that rely on paid long-term care may be unable to afford higher wages. We obtained Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 2006-2014) respondents’ state of residence which we linked with state minimum wage data. Between 2006 and 2010 the federal minimum wage increased from $5.15 to $7.25. We identified 25 states in which the 2006 to 2010 (pre period) increases in federal minimum wage increased the state’s effective minimum wage (higher of state and federal minimum wage). Seven of these states continued to increase their minimum wage from 2010 to 2014 (post period). The remaining 18 matching control states did not increase their minimum wage after 2010. We used a difference-in-differences design and ordinary least squares regression to compare hours of unpaid and paid caregiving HRS respondents received in treatment and control. There was no statistically significant change in unpaid (-2.15; 95%CI: -8.53, 4.23) or paid (2.42; 95%CI: -1.33, 6.20) caregiving hours received between HRS respondents that lived in states that did and did not increase their minimum wage. Increasing state minimum wage may improve the economic wellbeing of long-term care workers without adversely affecting people with long-term care needs.

Health Literacy and Long-Term Care Needs among Thai Elderly in Rural Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 1315-1324
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Study Results

Background: Factors related to long-term care needs have been studied widely, but there is limited research about the influence of health literacy on long-term care needs among the elderly in rural communities where the social context and care environment are uniquely different. Objective: To examine factors influencing long-term care needs among Thai elderly in rural communities. Materials and Methods: The present study used the cross-sectional design. The study sample included 477 elderly persons, who were members of the communities in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Multi-stage random sampling was used to select participants. They were interviewed using the demographic and health information questionnaire, the Thai Geriatric Depression Scale (TGDS), the health literacy scale of Thai adults and long-term care needs questionnaire. The selected factors examined as independent variables included some demographic factors, depressive symptom, and health literacy. Results: The present study results revealed significant positive relationships existing between long-term care needs with age and depressive symptom, while negative relationships between income and health literacy were reported. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that four of nine determinants of long-term care needs: age, depressive symptom, health knowledge and understanding, and ability managing their health condition significantly predicted long-term care needs at a level of 18% (R² adjusted=0.18, p<0.001). Conclusion: The present study results showed associations between personal and health literacy factors with long-term care needs. These findings prove that it is vitally important for healthcare professionals to consider the rural elderly’s mental health status and health literacy when providing care and planning treatment. Keywords: Health literacy, Long-term care needs, Rural community

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