scholarly journals Time series and trend analysis of brucellosis in Oskou county, EastAzerbaijan: 2007-2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
Hosein Rafiemanesh ◽  
Yousef Alimohamadi ◽  
Seyed Rasoul Hashemi Aghdam ◽  
Avaz Safarzadeh ◽  
Abolghasem Shokri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Incident Cases

Background: The epidemiology of human brucellosis has drastically changed in recent years. This study aims to assess trend in brucellosis in the Oskou county, East Azerbaijan, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all confirmed brucellosis cases over the period between 2007 and 2016 in Oskuo county. We use crude incidence rate (CIR) per100000 persons and carried out Joinpoint regression analysis to describe brucellosis trend over the study period. Also, we used ARIMA model to predict trend and number of new brucellosis cases for the coming years. Results: More than 90% (92.5%; 95% CI: 89.9-95.1) of brucellosis cases were in rural areas over the study period. In recorded cases, 60.5% (95% CI: 55.6-65.4) of total cases were men and 39.5% (95% CI: 34.6-44.4) of total cases were women. The mean age of men was 33.85(SD=19.72) years and the mean age of women was 35.88 (SD=17.26) years old. Majority of brucellosis cases occurred in spring. CIRs for the rural and urban areas were 47.62 to132.20 and zero to 18.55, respectively. The CIR for rural area had decreasing trend to 2011 and increasing for 2011-2017. Conclusion: Based-on time series analysis, the number of new cases in the future years has fixed trend and the most number of incident cases will be occurred between third to fifth months in each years.

scholarly journals Comparing knowledge of diabetes mellitus among rural and urban diabetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ayaz Sabri ◽  
Muhammad Ahad Qayyum ◽  
Naif Usman Saigol ◽  
Khurram Zafar ◽  
Fawad Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Question Survey ◽  
Awareness Level

A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the awareness of diabetes mellitus among rural and urban diabetics. After analyzing the awareness level of both populations, the urban diabetics were found to be more educated about diabetes. A 25-question survey was used to judge the awareness level of diabetes mellitus. A total of 240 diabetics were surveyed, 120 each from rural and urban areas. The mean awareness among the rural population was 13 (SD± 2) correct answers out of a possible 25. Similarly, in the case of the urban diabetics the mean awareness was 18 (SD± 2) correct answers. The survey was conducted on randomly chosen diabetics belonging to Lahore and Faisalabad, (urban areas), as well as Habibabad, Haveli Koranga and Baba Kanwal (rural areas). The results emphasize the interrelation between demography and awareness of diabetes mellitus. The rural diabetics are far less knowledgeable about diabetes mellitus, its management and its complications. Thus, there is an urgent need to improve the awareness level of diabetes mellitus in rural areas. Doing so will give rise to a healthier workforce and a lessened economic burden on Pakistan.

scholarly journals The Quality of Life of Coronavirus Disease Survivors Living in Rural and Urban Area of Riau Province, Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Shashi Kandel ◽  
Rahmat Azhari Kemal ◽  
Arfianti Arfianti
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

This study assesses the status of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among coronavirus survivors living in rural and urban districts in Riau province, Indonesia. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 468 and 285 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) survivors living in rural and urban areas, respectively in August 2021. The St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to measure the HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors. A higher total score domain corresponds to worse quality of life status. Quantile regression with the respect to 50th percentile found a significant association for the factors living in rural areas, being female, having comorbidities, and being hospitalized during treatment, with total score of 4.77, 2.43, 7.22, and 21.27 higher than in their contra parts, respectively. Moreover, having received full vaccination had the score 3.96 in total score. The HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors living in rural areas was significantly lower than in urban areas. Factors such as living in rural areas, female sex, having comorbidities, and history of symptomatic COVID-19 infection were identified as significant predictors for lower quality of life. Meanwhile, having full vaccination is a significant predictor for a better quality of life. The results of this study can provide the targeted recommendations for improvement of HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors.

scholarly journals Diabetes Burden in Urban and Rural Senegalese Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study in 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Seck ◽  
D. G. Dia ◽  
D. Doupa ◽  
A. Diop-Dia ◽  
I. Thiam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
History Of

Diabetes represents a challenging global health issue in the 21st century. Data from sub-Saharan African populations are scarce and are usually restricted to urban settings. The objective of this study was to compare prevalence and risk factors of diabetes in rural and urban areas in Senegal.Methods.In a community-based survey between January and May 2012, we included 1027 adults aged≥18 years living in northern Senegal. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biological data were collected during household visits. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with diabetes.Results.Mean age of participants was48.0±16.9years and 65.7% were female. Participants from urban area represented 55.7%. The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes was 7.6% (6.0% in men versus 9.0% in women). Prevalence of diabetes was higher in urban areas (8.1%) compared to rural areas (4.6%). Disease awareness rate was 43%. After multivariate analysis, age (OR = 1.63,p=0.001), familial history of diabetes (OR = 1.42,p=0.001), and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.17,p=0.05) were associated with diabetes.Conclusion.Diabetes is frequent in urban and rural areas in Senegal. Awareness rate is very low among populations. Age, family history of diabetes, and abdominal obesity are the main risk factors identified.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) Infection among Children Aged 2-17 Years in Urban and Rural Areas of Dhaka District in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultana Shahana Banu ◽  
Be-Nazir Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Jubayer ◽  
Sultana Gulshana Banu ◽  
Khorsed Ara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Study

A multi-staged cross sectional study was conducted among children aged 2 -17 years to assess the level of soil transmitted helminthes (ST H) infections and its relation to socio-demographic characteristics among them. Two thousand children were randomly selected from two rural and four different communities of urban areas of Dhaka district since November 2009 to June 2010. Four different communities classified as higher, medium, poorer and slum/ low socio-economic groups from urban areas were selected on the basis of their place of residence with different socio-economic status. Urban study subjects were again sub grouped into upper (higher and medium socio-economic) and lower (poorer and slum/low socio-economic) classes. Stool specimens of the respondents were collected and tested at the Parasitology department of I E DCR , using the Kato-katz faecal technique for identification of helminthes eggs following their morphology (A. lumbricoides, Ttrichiura, and A. duodenale), and larval stage (S. stercoralis). About 32.15% study population harbored at least one of the four helminthes species. Baseline prevalence of infections and mean parasite loads for Ascaris lumbricoides were 40.61% and 600.80 e/g, for Trichuris trichiura 30.42% and 206.11e/g, and for A. duodenale 6.80% and 78.75 e/g. Three children (0.49%) were positive for Strongyloides stercoralis. Single infection of 78.32 % and double infection of 21.68 % were recorded. Single infection of A. lumbricoides (40.61%) and T trichiura (30.42%) and double infection of A. lumbricoides - T trichiura (18.61%) were more prevalent. T he prevalence of ST H infection was 25.47 % and 38.68 % for rural and urban areas respectively (P<.001). Among urban study subjects, the distribution of ST H infection was 0.0 % in the higher (living in higher socioeconomic areas) (only 3 samples could be collected), 26.75 % in medium (living in medium socio-economic areas), 45.95 % in poorer and 50.54 % in slum/low socio-economic groups. Significantly higher number of ST H infection was observed among lower than that in upper socio-economic classes (P <.001). These results suggest that ST H infections remain a serious health problem among children in Bangladesh and need appropriate prevention and control measures.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v5i2.16933 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2011; 05 (02): 16-22

scholarly journals A comparison of breast feeding practices among urban and rural areas of Rangareddy district of Telangana

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vijay Kumar ◽  
Indranil Acharya ◽  
Jayanti P. Acharya ◽  
Puligila Raj Shravani ◽  
Sabbineni Ramya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing young infants with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 800 mothers from urban and rural areas of Rangareddy District. A pre designed pre tested questionnaire was used to interview the mothers. Questionnaire contained questions related to demographic factors and breast feeding practices. Institutional Ethical clearance was taken. Results: The overall prevalence of exclusive breast feeding was 65%, being comparatively more in rural area (68%) which was statistically significant. Colostrum was discarded by 15% mothers in urban and 9% in rural area. Breast feeding was initiated within 1 hour in 184 (46%) in urban area and in 148 (37%) in rural area. Conclusions: Though mothers from rural area had certain favorable breast feeding practices such as demand feeding, colostrum being given but still various inappropriate practices were prevalent in both rural and urban areas. 

scholarly journals Health Promoting Behavior Among School Going Adolescents in Puducherry-A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-485
Author(s):  
Sinthu Sarathamani Swaminathan ◽  
Abhijit Vinodrao Boratne ◽  
Rajkumar Patil ◽  
Avudaiappan Sankaran
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Mean

Background: Health promotion is considered as a process that strengthens health conditions, shapes attitudes, supports behavioural changes to attain the utmost physical and mental health, and organizes the social and physical environment of a person. Aim & Objective: To identify the level of health-promoting behaviour and the associated socio-demographic factors among school-going adolescents in Puducherry. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 705 school-going adolescents of standard IX-XII from five government and private schools in rural and urban areas. Methods and Material: Multistage sampling was used to select the subjects and the Adolescent Health Promotion Score (AHP 40) was used to assess the health-promoting behaviour of an adolescent. The data was entered in MS Excel and analysed using SPSS v16. Statistical analysis used: Mean ± SD were used to summarize the Total Adolescent Health Promotion Score. Multiple linear regression model was used to assess the association between socio-demographic variables and Adolescent health promotion behaviour. Results: Among the 705 participants, the mean age of the students was 14.9 (±1.4). The mean AHP score of the students was 147.78(±20.59). It was observed that the majority of the students (53%) had a high health promoting behaviour. The number of siblings and father’s profession significantly predicted higher scores of adolescent health promoting behaviour. Conclusions: More than half of the student population had high level of health promoting behaviour. The family and school related variables had significant association with the health promoting behaviour of adolescents

scholarly journals Multimorbidity Among Migrant and Non-Migrant Ghanaians: The RODAM Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Marzà-Florensa ◽  
Daniel Boateng ◽  
Charles Agyemang ◽  
Erik Beune ◽  
Karlijn A. C. Meeks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Objectives: Multimorbidity is a growing public health concern due to the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases, yet information about multimorbidity in low- and middle-income countries and migrant populations is scarce. We aimed to investigate the distribution and patterns of multimorbidity in rural and urban areas in Ghana and Ghanaian migrants in Europe.Methods: The RODAM cross-sectional study included 4,833 participants. Multimorbidity was defined as presence of multiple non-communicable chronic conditions. Patterns were determined from frequent combination of conditions. Prevalence ratios were estimated by logistic regression.Results: Prevalence of multimorbidity was higher in women and in urban Ghana and Europe. We observed a cardiometabolic pattern in all sites as well as circulatory-musculoskeletal and metabolic-musculoskeletal combinations in Ghana. Multimorbidity prevalence ratios were higher in Europe (men 1.47, 95% CI 1.34–1.59, women 1.18, 1.10–1.26) and urban Ghana (men 1.46, 1.31–1.59, women 1.27, 1.19–1.34).Conclusion: Distribution and patterns of multimorbidity differed by sex and site. With a higher burden of multimorbidity in urban areas, prevention strategies should focus on forestalling its increase in rapidly growing rural areas.

scholarly journals Prevalence Of Refractive Errors In School Going Children In Rural And Urban Areas -A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Dr. Chimata Triveni ◽  
◽  
Dr. Tirumuru Divya ◽  
Dr. Ponna Rama Devi ◽  
Dr. N. Lakshmi Chowdary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Introduction: Visual impairment affects students’ routine schoolwork and day-to-day activities.Hence, the aim is to study the prevalence of various refractive errors and their comparison amongschool children of 5-15 years in rural and urban areas. Methods: This cross-sectional studyexamined 998 students from both rural and urban schools. After obtaining ethical clearance andinformed consent, students were examined for refractive errors. The students with the refractiveerror were given a socio-demographic questionnaire and questionnaire regarding their usage oftelevision, computer, and family history of refractive errors. A Chi-square test was used to test thestatistical significance of proportions. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, anddata were analyzed by using coGuide software, V.1.03 Results: The prevalence of refractive errorwas found to be 6.41 %, with a prevalence of 7.61% in urban and 5.21% in rural areas. Thedifference in the type of refractive error between the study groups was found to be insignificant,with P= 0.897. Conclusion: Prevalence of refractive errors was more in urban school children thanrural. Refractive error was more prevalent in 13-15 years age group in both rural and urban schoolchildren. The most common refractive error was myopia, followed by astigmatism andhypermetropia.

scholarly journals Profile of Sexual Assault Cases Registered in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Islam ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
MA Mukit Sarkar ◽  
MA Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean

A cross sectional study was conducted among 291 victims of sexual assault cases examined at the department of Forensic Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College from February to June, 2004 in order to see the profiles of the sexual assault cases. In this study the mean age of the victims was 17.78 years. Out of 291 victims 3 individuals were male. The incidence of sexual assault was more frequent among the individuals aged from 14 to 18 years. The study should that 77.7% victims were unmarried. 80% individuals of sexual assault were inhabitants of rural areas and the rest of the victims were of urban areas. The study revealed that 88 (30.2%) had the signs of violence on their body. In finding out of the physical development the study presented that 86.9% victims had developed breast while 8.9% had not. Out of 288 female victims 84.72% female had old tear of hymen while 30 (10.41%) had recent hymenal tear. 1.4% victims of sexual assault showed presence of sperm in pathological examination.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v18i2.3174 TAJ 2005; 18(2):

scholarly journals SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE IN PREECLAMPSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Amrita ◽  
Verma Asha ◽  
Bajiya Monika ◽  
Gurjar Anil ◽  
Muhal Poonam
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Maternal Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cardiac System ◽  
New Onset

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a complex multisystem condition. It affects 3-5% of all prenancies.It is defined as new onset hypertension after twenty weeks of pregnancy plus involvement of at least one organ system-renal, hepatic, neurological, hematological, pulmonary or cardiac system or as utero-placental dysfunction Methods: This was a hospital based comparative analytical cross sectional study carried out over 2 years period from may 2019 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SMS Medical College and attached hospitals, Jaipur. Results:  The mean age of cases (27.36 ± 3.66 years) was higher than the controls (23.43 ± 3.23 years). There was not much difference in the distribution of subjects according to residence. In the study group 26 (57.78%) women belonged to urban areas and 19 (42.22%) belonged to rural areas whereas in the control group, 26 (62.22%) women belonged to rural areas and 17 (37.78%) belonged to urban areas. There were more primigravida in pre eclamptic group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Identification of risk factor in the antenatal period helps in early detection of women who are at high risk of developing pre-eclampsia in order to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Preclampsia, Age, Gravida

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