Optimal Load Magnitude and Placement for Peak Power Production in a Vertical Jump

AbstractIn March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic forced most activities in Italy, including soccer, to cease. During lockdown, players could only train at home, with limited evidence regarding the effect of this period. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on professional soccer players’ physical performance. Aerobic fitness and vertical jump were assessed before and after four periods in two different seasons: COVID-19 lockdown, competitive period before lockdown, competitive period and summer break of the 2016–2017 season. Linear mixed models were used to examine within-period changes and between-period differences in changes observed during COVID-19 lockdown and the three other periods. Within-period changes in aerobic fitness showed a significant improvement following COVID-19 lockdown (p<0.001) and a significant decline during summer break (p<0.001). Between-period differences were significant in the comparison of COVID-19 lockdown with both the competitive 2019–2020 season (p<0.01) and summer break (p<0.001). For the vertical jump, only the between-period comparison revealed significant differences as the changes associated with COVID-19 lockdown were worse than those of the two competitive periods, for both absolute (p<0.05; p<0.001) and relative peak power (p<0.01; p<0.001). Home-based training during lockdown was effective to improve aerobic fitness, although it did not allow players to maintain their competitive period’s power levels.

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A commercially available energy drink does not improve peak power production on multiple 20-second Wingate tests

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition ◽

10.1186/1550-2783-7-s1-p10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bill I Campbell ◽

Marcus Kilpatrick ◽

Colin Wilborn ◽

Paul La Bounty ◽

Brittany Parker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peak Power ◽

Power Production ◽

Energy Drink ◽

Available Energy

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Acute Effect of Mini-Trampoline Jumping on Vertical Jump and Balance Performance

International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science ◽

10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.7n.2p.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Nada Rhouni ◽

Nicole C. Dabbs ◽

Trevor Gillum ◽

Jared W. Coburn

Keyword(s):

Significant Interaction ◽

Peak Power ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Rest Period ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Balance Performance ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Warm Up

Jumping and balance are necessary skills for most athletes, and mini-trampoline training has been shown to improve them. Little is known about the acute effect of mini-trampoline jumping on jump performance and dynamic balance. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of 6 maximal jumps on a mini-trampoline on countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) variables and on balance parameters. Methods: Twenty one recreationally trained individuals participated in three testing sessions and were either allocated to a control group (N=10) or a trampoline group (N=11). All the participants performed a dynamic warm up prior to their assessments. Baseline CMVJ and balance assessments were measured. For the jump performance tests, the control group rested for 30s, and the trampoline group performed 6 maximal CMVJs on a mini-trampoline. Immediately following the trampoline jumps or the rest period, participants performed three jump trials. The jumping protocol was repeated every minute up to 5 minutes and balance was reassessed immediately after only. Results: There was no significant interaction of time by group and no group effects in all the jumping parameters, however, there was a significant increase in jump height (p <0.001) post-condition, and a significant decrease in peak power (p= 0.01) at the 4th minute for both groups. There was no significant interaction of time by condition, no time effect and no group effect (p>0.05) on the balance variables. Conclusion: These results do not support our hypothesis and show that trampoline jumping does not improve jump and balance performance acutely.

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Eccentric-Overload Production during the Flywheel Squat Exercise in Young Soccer Players: Implications for Injury Prevention

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17103671 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 3671

Author(s):

Javier Raya-González ◽

Daniel Castillo ◽

Marta Domínguez-Díez ◽

José Luis Hernández-Davó

Keyword(s):

Injury Prevention ◽

Peak Power ◽

Power Production ◽

The Other ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Other Hand ◽

Squat Exercise ◽

Resistance Exercises ◽

Eccentric Overload

This study aimed to evaluate the differences in power production between movement phases (i.e., concentric and eccentric) during the execution of resistance exercises with a flywheel device, differentiating between execution regimes (i.e., bilateral, unilateral dominant leg and unilateral non-dominant leg). Twenty young elite soccer players (U−17) performed two sets of six repetitions of the bilateral half-squat (inertia 0.025 kg·m−2) and the lateral-squat exercise (inertia 0.010 kg·m−2) on a flywheel device. During the testing sessions, mean and peak power in concentric (MPcon) and eccentric (MPecc) phases were recorded. The non-dominant leg showed higher values in all power variables measured, although substantial differences were only found in MPecc (ES = 0.40, likely) and PPcon (ES = 0.36, possibly). On the other hand, for both exercises, MPcon was higher than MPecc (ES = −0.57 to −0.31, possibly/likely greater), while only PPecc was higher than PPcon in the dominant lateral-squat (ES = 0.44, likely). These findings suggest that young soccer players have difficulty in reaching eccentric-overload during flywheel exercises, achieving it only with the dominant leg. Therefore, coaches should propose precise preventive programs based on flywheel devices, attending to the specific characteristics of each limb, as well as managing other variables to elicit eccentric-overload.

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Development and Validation of an Equation to Estimate Peak Power from Vertical Jump in Youth

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000538207.31379.32 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (5S) ◽

pp. 669

Author(s):

Matthew T. Mahar ◽

Gregory J. Welk ◽

Patrick M. Rider ◽

Michael J. Duncan

Keyword(s):

Peak Power ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Development And Validation

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Is the Optimal Load for Maximal Power Output During Hang Power Cleans Submaximal?

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2018-0894 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 18-24

Author(s):

Seiichiro Takei ◽

Kuniaki Hirayama ◽

Junichi Okada

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Peak Power ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Maximal Power ◽

Maximal Power Output ◽

Success Criterion ◽

Optimal Load ◽

Weight Lifters ◽

Bar Velocity

Purpose: The optimal load for maximal power output during hang power cleans (HPCs) from a mechanical perspective is the 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) load; however, previous research has reported otherwise. The present study thus aimed to investigate the underlying factors that determine optimal load during HPCs. Methods: Eight competitive Olympic weight lifters performed HPCs at 40%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, and 100% of their 1RM while the ground-reaction force and bar/body kinematics were simultaneously recorded. The success criterion during HPC was set above parallel squat at the receiving position. Results: Both peak power and relative peak power were maximized at 80% 1RM (3975.7 [439.1] W, 50.4 [6.6] W/kg, respectively). Peak force, force at peak power, and relative values tended to increase with heavier loads (P < .001), while peak system velocity and system velocity at peak power decreased significantly above 80% 1RM (P = .005 and .011, respectively). There were also significant decreases in peak bar velocity (P < .001) and bar displacement (P < .001) toward heavier loads. There was a strong positive correlation between peak bar velocity and bar displacement in 7 of 8 subjects (r > .90, P < .01). The knee joint angle at the receiving position fell below the quarter-squat position above 70% 1RM. Conclusions: Submaximal loads were indeed optimal for maximal power output for HPC when the success criterion was set above the parallel-squat position. However, when the success criterion was defined as the quarter-squat position, the optimal load became the 1RM load.

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Longitudinal Assessment of Muscle Peak Power Generated in Vertical Jump During Middle Childhood

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000486427.34331.49 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 475

Author(s):

Jose M. Santo Domingo ◽

Lucía R. Martínez ◽

José C. Vicente ◽

Julio Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Middle Childhood ◽

Peak Power ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Longitudinal Assessment

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Relationship between Anaerobic Power and Jumping of Selected Male Volleyball Players of Different Ages

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.100.3.607-614 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 100 (3) ◽

pp. 607-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Athanasios Kasabalis ◽

Helen Douda ◽

Savvas P. Tokmakidis

Keyword(s):

Peak Power ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Anaerobic Power ◽

Age Groups ◽

Specific Training ◽

Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽

Volleyball Players ◽

Maximal Anaerobic Power ◽

The Relationship ◽

Anaerobic Test

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anaerobic power of elite male volleyball players, using the Wingate Anaerobic Test to examine the relationship between anaerobic power and jumping performance. Athletes ( n = 56) and Nonathletes ( n = 53) were divided into three age groups: Adults (18–25 yr.), Juniors (15–16 yr.), and Youth (10–11 yr.). Measurements of height, body mass, vertical jump and Wingate scores indicated higher values for athletes. The specific training effects of anaerobic power were more pronounced at the age of 10–11 years than for Nonathletes. A significant correlation coefficient between peak power and vertical jump was found for Athletes ( r = .86) and for the total group ( r = .82). These results indicated that vertical jump may predict the maximal anaerobic power and could be used by coaches as a practical and easy-to-apply field screening test for evaluation in volleyball training.

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Stretch-Shortening Cycle in Countermovement Jump: Exclusive Review of Force-Time Curve Variables in Eccentric and Concentric Phases

10.20944/preprints201708.0070.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Mahdi Cheraghi ◽

Javad Sarvestan ◽

Masoud Sebyani ◽

Elham Shirzad

Keyword(s):

Peak Power ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Average Power ◽

Peak Force ◽

Jump Height ◽

Time Curve ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Volleyball Players ◽

Time Variables ◽

Force Time

The importance of vertical jump in sport fields and rehabilitation is widely recognized. Furthermore, Force-Time variables of vertical jump are factors affecting jumping height. Exclusive review of each of this variables, in eccentric and concentric phases, can lead to a specific focus on them during jumping exercises. So, the aims of his study were to a) reviewing the relationship between force-time curve variables of eccentric and concentric phases with jump height and b) description of this variables in Iran national youth volleyball players society. This is an observational study. 12 elite volleyball player (Male, Iran national youth volleyball players, 17±0.7 years) have participated in this study. Correlation between Force-Time variables - included peak force (PF), relative peak force (RPP), peak power (PP), average power (AP), relative peak power (RPP), and Modified Reactive Strength Index (MRSI) - in eccentric and concentric phases and ultimate jump height has been studied. Results showed that the average power (r=0.7) and relative peak force (r=0.75) of concentric phase and MRSI (r=0.83) have significant correlation with ultimate jump height (JH). Relative peak power and average power of concentric phase can massively effect Jump Height in sports like volleyball, which vertical jump is an integral part of them. Focus on both of these factors, which has been studied in this research, in training programs, can improve athlete jump performance significantly.

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