A commercially available energy drink does not improve peak power production on multiple 20-second Wingate tests

This study aimed to evaluate the differences in power production between movement phases (i.e., concentric and eccentric) during the execution of resistance exercises with a flywheel device, differentiating between execution regimes (i.e., bilateral, unilateral dominant leg and unilateral non-dominant leg). Twenty young elite soccer players (U−17) performed two sets of six repetitions of the bilateral half-squat (inertia 0.025 kg·m−2) and the lateral-squat exercise (inertia 0.010 kg·m−2) on a flywheel device. During the testing sessions, mean and peak power in concentric (MPcon) and eccentric (MPecc) phases were recorded. The non-dominant leg showed higher values in all power variables measured, although substantial differences were only found in MPecc (ES = 0.40, likely) and PPcon (ES = 0.36, possibly). On the other hand, for both exercises, MPcon was higher than MPecc (ES = −0.57 to −0.31, possibly/likely greater), while only PPecc was higher than PPcon in the dominant lateral-squat (ES = 0.44, likely). These findings suggest that young soccer players have difficulty in reaching eccentric-overload during flywheel exercises, achieving it only with the dominant leg. Therefore, coaches should propose precise preventive programs based on flywheel devices, attending to the specific characteristics of each limb, as well as managing other variables to elicit eccentric-overload.

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SOUTH PATAGONIA: WIND/HYDROGEN/COAL SYSTEM WITH REDUCED CO2 EMISSIONS

Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE) ◽

10.15518/isjaee.2018.22-24.080-087 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 80-87

Author(s):

G. Spazzafumo

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Peak Power ◽

Coal Gasification ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Power Production ◽

Energy System ◽

Underground Coal Gasification ◽

South Patagonia

Wind is a significant renewable energy source in Patagonia, which could generate a very large amount of electrical energy. However, it is not possible to put such a large amount of energy on to the grid due to instability issues. Electrolysis could facilitate the storage of such energy in the form of hydrogen, which could be used for peak power production or for vehicles. However, hydrogen storage and distribution are still very expensive. On the other hand, South Patagonia has reserves of coal which exploitation is not easy. One solution could be underground coal gasification. Unfortunately, using coal results in high emissions of carbon dioxide. Hydrogen from wind energy could be the solution to convert coal to methane and to eventually generate electrical power. In this way, a large amount of renewable energy could be introduced to the energy system with a reduction in the emissions of carbon dioxide.

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The Effects of a Commercially Available Energy Drink on Vertical Jump Performance

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1097/01.jsc.0000395690.90976.6a ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. S70

Author(s):

B Campbell ◽

B Parker ◽

B Gomez ◽

M Kilpatrick ◽

P La Bounty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertical Jump ◽

Energy Drink ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Available Energy

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Sled Towing: The Optimal Overload for Peak Power Production

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2016-0602 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1052-1058 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Andrea Monte ◽

Francesca Nardello ◽

Paola Zamparo

Keyword(s):

Contact Time ◽

Peak Power ◽

Stride Length ◽

Power Production ◽

Step Length ◽

Flight Time ◽

Sprint Training ◽

Joint Angles ◽

Step Number ◽

Increasing Load

Purpose:The effects of different loads on kinematic and kinetic variables during sled towing were investigated with the aim to identify the optimal overload for this specific sprint training.Methods:Thirteen male sprinters (100-m personal best: 10.91 ± 0.14 s) performed 5 maximal trials over a 20-m distance in the following conditions: unloaded and with loads from 15% to 40% of the athlete’s body mass (BM). In these calculations the sled mass and friction were taken into account. Contact and flight times, stride length, horizontal hip velocity (vh), and relative angles of hip, knee, and ankle (at touchdown and takeoff) were measured step by step. In addition, the horizontal force (Fh) and power (Ph) and maximal force (Fh0) and power (Ph0) were calculated.Results:vh, flight time, and step length decreased while contact time increased with increasing load (P < .001). These variables changed significantly also as a function of the step number (P < .01), except between the 2 last steps. No differences were observed in Fh among loads, but Fh was larger in sled towing than in unloaded. Ph was unaffected by load up to +20%BM but decreased with larger loads. Fh0 and Ph0 were achieved at 20%BM. Up to 20%BM, no significant effects on joint angles were observed at touchdown and takeoff, while at loads >30%BM joint angles tended to decrease.Conclusion:The 20%BM condition represents the optimal overload for peak power production—at this load sprinters reach their highest power without significant changes in their running technique (eg, joint angles).

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Optimization of Thermal Energy Storage Integration Strategies for Peak Power Production by Concentrating Solar Power Plants

Energy Procedia ◽

10.1016/j.egypro.2014.03.173 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 1642-1651 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

R. Guédez ◽

J. Spelling ◽

B. Laumert ◽

T. Fransson

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

Thermal Energy Storage ◽

Peak Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Solar Power ◽

Power Production ◽

Concentrating Solar Power ◽

Solar Power Plants ◽

Integration Strategies

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Peak Power Production in Wheelchair Propulsion

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine ◽

10.1097/00042752-199401000-00003 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 14-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lucas H. V. van der Woude ◽

D. Drexhage ◽

H. E. J. Veeger

Keyword(s):

Peak Power ◽

Power Production ◽

Wheelchair Propulsion

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Histological and Physiological Studies on the Long-term Effect of Different Concentrations of Energy Drink (Tiger) on the Renal and Hepatic Systems of Young Mice

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.2019.16.4.0816 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 0816

Author(s):

Luma Qasim Ali

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Energy Drink ◽

Histopathological Study ◽

Renal Tubules ◽

Vacuolar Degeneration ◽

Available Energy ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Young Mice

The present study aims to investigate the long-term histopathological, and physiological effects of different concentrations of a commercially available energy drink (Tiger) on liver and kidney of young mice. Sixteen Balb/c male mice,6 -week old, were divided into 4 groups (n=4). Two groups consumed the energy drink at a concentration of 28µl energy drink/ml water. One group were killed after 10 days (T1), another group were killed after 20 days (T2). Other group of mice consumed the energy drink at a final concentration of 14µl/ml for 20 days (T3). The last group was provided only with water and served as control. Mice of all groups drank around 3 ml per day. The histopathological study on liver of treated groups showed many changes such as inflammatory cells infiltration and aggregation with hepatocyts necrosis, some of these necrosis replaced by RBCs and inflammatory cells, while the pathohistological changes in kidney of treated groups limited to aggregation of RBCs and inflammatory cells between renal tubules which expressed vacuolar degeneration. These changes based on elevated liver function enzymes (Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT), Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) and blood urea and creatinine. These changes were more in the T2 groups, so it could be concluded that long term of energy drink consuming effect histopathologically and physiologically on kidney and liver of young mice depending on its concentration and period of consuming.

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Prevalence and Amounts of Common Ingredients Found in Energy Drinks and Shots

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14020314 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 314

Author(s):

Andrew R. Jagim ◽

Patrick S. Harty ◽

Abdelrahman R. Barakat ◽

Jacob L. Erickson ◽

Victoria Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplement ◽

Energy Drinks ◽

Energy Drink ◽

The United States ◽

B Vitamins ◽

Vitamin B3 ◽

Available Energy ◽

Energy Shots ◽

Energy Products ◽

Relative Prevalence

Background: Energy drinks are one of the most popular packaged beverage products consumed within the United States (US). Energy drinks are considered a functional beverage, a category that also includes sports drinks and nutraceutical beverages. Purpose: The focus of the current study was to examine the nutrition fact panels of the top selling commercially available energy drink and energy shot products within the US to characterize common ingredient profiles to help establish a standard definition and ingredient profile of energy drinks and energy shots for consumers, health care practitioners, and researchers. Methods: The top 75 commercially available energy drinks and shots were identified and compiled from multiple commercial retail websites as of September 2021. For the purpose of this study, an energy drink must have met the following criteria: (A) marketed as an energy drink; (B) purported to improve energy, focus, or alertness; (C) not sold as a dietary supplement (no supplement fact panels); (D) manufactured as a pre-packaged and ready-to-drink beverage; and (E) contains at least three of (1) caffeine, (2) B-vitamins, (3) sugar, (4) taurine, (5) creatine, (6) quercetin, (7) guarana, (8) ginseng, (9) coenzyme Q10, or (10) branched chain amino acids. Energy shots must have met similar criteria to be included: (A) marketed as an energy shot; (B) purported to improve energy, focus, or alertness; (C) sold as a dietary supplement; (D) manufactured as a pre-packaged beverage with a small volume (<3.5 mL); and (E) contains at least three of the ingredients stated above. Results: Twenty energy shots and fifty-five energy drinks were included in this analysis. The number of ingredients per product (mean ± SD) was 18.2 ± 5.7, with 15 products containing proprietary blends with undisclosed ingredient amounts. The relative prevalence and average amounts of the top ingredients were as follows: caffeine (100%; 174.4 ± 81.1 mg), vitamin B6 (72%; 366.9 ± 648.1 percent daily value (%DV)), vitamin B3 (67%; 121.44 ± 69.9% DV), vitamin B12 (67%; 5244.5 ± 10,474.6% DV), vitamin B5 (37.3%; 113.6 ± 76.6% DV), and taurine (37.3%; amounts undisclosed). Conclusions: Our findings suggest a high prevalence of caffeine and B-vitamins in these energy products, with many of the formulations containing well above the recommended daily value of B-vitamins.

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