Analysis of Factors That Influence the Maximum Number of Repetitions in Two Upper-Body Resistance Exercises: Curl Biceps and Bench Press

Background: Data investigating the factors that influence the relationship between different percentages of one repetition maximum (1RM) and the maximum number of repetitions (RM’s) performed are scarce when the movement velocity of each repetition is controlled during the RM’s test. Objective: To evaluate the RM’s performed at 60, 75, and 90% of 1RM in 4 different upper-body free weight exercises: bench press, barbell triceps extension, unilateral dumbbell elbow flexion, unilateral bent knee dumbbell row. Method: Thirty participants, 15 trained (T) and 15 untrained (UT) men, volunteered to participate in this study and attended six separate occasions, each separated by at least 48 h. In the first three sessions, familiarization and 1RM tests were evaluated. The last three sessions were designed to assess the performance of the RM’s at 60%, 75%, and 90% 1RM. The exercise order and intensities performed in each session were randomized. Muscle action velocity for each repetition was controlled by an electronic metronome. Results: There was no significant difference between T and UT in any of the exercises at a given exercise intensity. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the number of repetitions performed when exercises with different muscle mass (i.e., bench press vs. triceps extension, and dumbbell row vs. elbow flexion) at different intensities (i.e., 60%, 75%, and 90%) were compared. Conclusion: Using the same percentage of 1RM, the participants performed a similar number of repetitions in the four free weight upper-body exercises evaluated.

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Hypotensive Effect After Traditional Set Versus Agonist-antagonist Paired Sets For Upper-Body Resistance Exercises

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000495948.19489.3c ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 816-817

Author(s):

Gabriel A. Paz ◽

Marianna de Freitas Maia ◽

Vicente Pinheiro Lima ◽

Humberto Miranda

Keyword(s):

Hypotensive Effect ◽

Upper Body ◽

Resistance Exercises ◽

Body Resistance

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Muscle Activity in Upper-Body Single-Joint Resistance Exercises with Elastic Resistance Bands vs. Free Weights

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.1515/hukin-2017-0137 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 5-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ronny Bergquist ◽

Vegard Moe Iversen ◽

Paul J Mork ◽

Marius Steiro Fimland

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activity ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Upper Body ◽

Elastic Resistance ◽

Activation Level ◽

Joint Resistance ◽

Resistance Exercises ◽

Resistance Bands ◽

Feasible Alternative ◽

Body Resistance

Abstract Elastic resistance bands require little space, are light and portable, but their efficacy has not yet been established for several resistance exercises. The main objective of this study was to compare the muscle activation levels induced by elastic resistance bands versus conventional resistance training equipment (dumbbells) in the upper-body resistance exercises flyes and reverse flyes. The level of muscle activation was measured with surface electromyography in 29 men and women in a cross-over design where resistance loadings with elastic resistance bands and dumbbells were matched using 10-repetition maximum loadings. Elastic resistance bands induced slightly lower muscle activity in the muscles most people aim to activate during flyes and reverse flies, namely pectoralis major and deltoideus posterior, respectively. However, elastic resistance bands increased the muscle activation level substantially in perceived ancillary muscles, that is deltoideus anterior in flyes, and deltoideus medius and trapezius descendens in reverse flyes, possibly due to elastic bands being a more unstable resistance modality. Overall, the results show that elastic resistance bands can be considered a feasible alternative to dumbbells in flyes and reverse flyes.

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Comparison of Differences in O2 Pulse across Upper Body Resistance Exercises

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000486091.60793.48 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 360

Author(s):

Swapan Mookerjee ◽

Sam Meske ◽

Vincenzo G. Nocera

Keyword(s):

Upper Body ◽

Resistance Exercises ◽

Body Resistance ◽

O2 Pulse

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Muscular Strength and Power in 3- to 7-Year-Old Children

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.2014-0152 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 345-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Andrew C. Fry ◽

Carol C. Irwin ◽

Justin X. Nicoll ◽

David E. Ferebee

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Body Mass ◽

Muscular Strength ◽

Bench Press ◽

Mean Power ◽

Mean Velocity ◽

Adult Weight ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Resistance Exercises ◽

Body Resistance

To determine absolute and relative (adjusted for body mass) strength, mean power, and mean velocity for upper and lower body resistance exercises, forty-seven young boys and girls participated in maximal strength testing. Healthy young boys and girls, ages 3- to 7-years old, were tested for one-repetition maximum (1-RM) strength, and 70% of 1-RM to determine mean power and mean velocity on the chest press and leg press exercises. Adult weight machines were modified to accommodate the smaller size and lower strength levels of the children. A 2 × 4 (sex × age) ANOVA was used to determine age and sex differences in performance. No interaction or sex differences were observed for any variable at any age. 1-RM strength, mean power, and mean velocity significantly increased across ages (p ≤ .05). When adjusted for body mass, the changes were insignificant, with one exception. Relative mean power for the bench press increased with age. Data indicated children from 3-7 years of age are capable of performing strength and power tests, but may require more attempts at maximal loads compared with adults. It appears that muscular strength and velocity during this stage of development are primarily dependent on increasing body mass, whereas power is influenced by additional variable(s).

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Effects of Preferred and Non-Preferred Warm-Up Music on Resistance Exercise Performance

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk6010003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Christopher G. Ballmann ◽

Georgia D. Cook ◽

Zachary T. Hester ◽

Thomas J. Kopec ◽

Tyler D. Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Exercise ◽

Exercise Performance ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Bench Press ◽

Upper Body ◽

Warm Up ◽

Body Resistance ◽

Repetitions To Failure ◽

Trial Participants ◽

Selection Of

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of listening to preferred and non-preferred warm-up music on upper-body resistance exercise performance. Resistance-trained males (ages 18–24) participated in two separate bench press trials each with a different warm-up music condition: preferred warm-up music (PREF) or non-preferred warm-up music (NON-PREF). In each trial, participants listened to PREF or NON-PREF music during a standardized bench press warm-up. Following the warm-up, motivation to exercise was measured using a visual analog scale followed by two sets × repetitions to failure (RTF) at 75% of 1-RM separated by 1 min of rest. A linear position transducer was used to measure mean barbell velocity. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was obtained after each set. RTF, velocity, RPE, and motivation were analyzed. RTF were significantly higher during the PREF versus NON-PREF trail (p = 0.001) while mean barbell velocity remained unchanged (p = 0.777). RPE was not significantly different between PREF and NON-PREF trials (p = 0.735). Motivation to exercise was significantly higher during the PREF versus NON-PREF trial (p < 0.001). Findings show that listening to PREF music during a warm-up improves subsequent RTF performance during bench press exercise. However, barbell velocity was largely unaffected. While perceived exertion was similar between trials, motivation to exercise was markedly increased during the PREF warm-up music trial. These findings suggest that competitors listening to warm-up music before giving maximal effort during resistance exercise could optimize performance by ensuring self-selection of their own preferred music.

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COMPARISON BETWEEN BENCH PRESS AND LEG PRESS FOR CHANGES IN SERUM CREATINE KINASE ACTIVITY AND MUSCLE SORENESS

Journal of Musculoskeletal Research ◽

10.1142/s0218957715500116 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (03) ◽

pp. 1550011

Author(s):

Alexander Joseph Koch ◽

Marco Machado ◽

Jerry L. Mayhew

Keyword(s):

Muscle Soreness ◽

Bench Press ◽

Serum Creatine Kinase ◽

Upper Body ◽

Lower Body ◽

Leg Press ◽

Volume Load ◽

Time Period ◽

Body Resistance ◽

Lp Formula

We compared perceived muscle soreness (MS) and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity after upper body or lower body resistance exercise. A total of 64 previously sedentary men were randomized into two groups: bench press (BP; [Formula: see text], age [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]y, body mass [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg,) or leg press (LP; [Formula: see text], age [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]y, body mass [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg). Subjects were tested for 1RM for their respective exercise. Two weeks later, subjects performed four sets to failure of each exercise at 85% 1RM. MS and serum CK activity were assessed before exercise and 24, 48, and 72[Formula: see text]h after exercise. Volume load lifted was significantly greater during LP than BP ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg versus [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg, respectively; [Formula: see text]). Despite a lesser volume load, BP elicited greater MS ([Formula: see text]) and peak CK activity ([Formula: see text]) than LP after exercise at each time period. MS was modestly correlated to volume load lifted during LP ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) but not during BP ([Formula: see text]). CK activity was not correlated with volume load for either BP or LP. In addition, MS was not significantly correlated with CK at any time period. These data indicate that upper body resistance exercise elicits greater levels of MS and CK than does lower body exercise in untrained men and suggests that both factors appear to be more dependent on the muscle group engaged rather than the amount of weight lifted.

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