The Effect of Squat Training and Leg Length in Increasing the Leg Power of Volleyball Extracurricular Participants

The study purpose. This study aims to see: (1) The difference in the effect of barbell squat and resistance band squat exercises on the increase in leg power. (2) The difference in influence between players who have high leg height and low leg length on the increase in leg power. (3) The interaction of barbell squat and resistance band squat exercises with leg length (high and low) to increase the power of volleyball extracurricular participants. Materials and Methods. This is an experimental research using a 2 × 2 factorial design. The population in this study were 38 volleyball extracurricular participants at SMA Negeri 1 Sedayu. The sample in this study may be 20 people. Instruments used for measuring: a tape measure for the length of the legs and a vertical jump for the power of the legs. The data analysis technique used was two-way ANOVA. Results. The result showed that (1) There was a significant effect between barbell squat and resistance band squat exercises on the increase in the power of volleyball extracurricular participants, with an F value of 65.789 and a significance value of p = 0.000 (<0.05). The squat group has a higher resistance band (good) compared to the barbell squat group with an average difference of 2.5. (2) There was a significant difference in the effect of players who have high leg height and low leg length on the increase in leg power of volleyball extracurricular participants, it is proven that the F value is 38.000 and the significance value is p = 0.000 (<0.05). Players who have high leg length are higher (good) compared to players who have low leg length with an average difference of 1.90. (3) There was a significant interaction between barbell squat and resistance band squat and leg length (high and low) on the leg power increase of volleyball extracurricular members, with an F value of 88.256 and a significance of p = 0.000 (<0.05). Conclusions. There was a significant difference in the effect of barbell squats and resistance band squats on increasing leg power, there was a significant difference in the effect between players who have high leg length and low leg length on the increase in leg power, and There is a significant interaction between barbell squats and squat resistance bands and leg length (high and low) on the increase in leg power of volleyball extracurricular participants.

The Analysis of Effectiveness of Elastic Training (Resistant) Bands Application to Develop Explosive Strength

ned: 1) the smallest increase in the standing long jump was observed in the group in which there were trainings with elastic training bands – 4,3 cm; in the group where isometric exercises were used, the increase in standing long jump was 10,9 cm; in the group in which students trained with weights, the increase in the standing long jump was 14 cm; 2) the increase of the leg press index at an angle of 45° in the group that used elastic training bands as a means of weighting was the lowest, i.e. 14 kg; in the group performing isometric exercises it was the highest – 19,5 kg; in the group that used weights – 18 kg. Purpose: to research the effectiveness of elastic training bands (resistance bands) application to develope explosive strength in a comparative aspect. Material and methods: theoretical material for the article has been taken from the research of Ukrainian and foreign scholars and experts. The basis for the study was a research laboratory of functional diagnostics and physical rehabilitation. The study involved 60 18-19-year-old students (40 girls and 20 boys), young people with excellent, very good or good health status. The main methods used for the experiment and the article were comparison, questionnaires, final tests, statistical analysis (parametric and nonparametric analysis, systematization, creation of varieties (arrays), determination of Student’s t-test and Pearson’s χ2 test). Results: the questionnaire of students on the expected effectiveness of various ways of explosive strength training revealed that the lowest result was expected from isometric exercises (5%), the average one was found out from the use of weights (61,67%), and the highest result was shown from the application of elastic training (resistant) bands (65%). According to the results of the experiment the following data has been obtained: 1) the smallest increase in the standing long jump was observed in the group in which there were trainings with elastic training bands – 4,3 cm; in the group where isometric exercises were applied, the increase in standing long jump was 10,9 cm; in the group in which students trained with weights, the gain in the standing long jump was 14 cm; 2) the increase of the leg press index at an angle of 45° in the group that used elastic training bands as a means of weighting was the lowest, i.e. 14 kg; in the group performing isometric exercises it turned out to be the highest – 19,5 kg; in the group that used weights – 18 kg. Conclusion: our experiment involved comparing the impact on the explosive strength development of different means of weighting: elastic training bands, isometric exercises and weighting objects. Despite the expectations of the respondents it was demonstrated that the application of the elastic training bands does not have a significant advantage over other means of weighting. The resistance bands application show lower results compared to the training with the isometric weighting and weighting of objects. The application of exercises in the isometric mode of weighting showed a significant gain in explosive strength, although the expected results were not met. The application of objects’ weighting showed the expected high results. Therefore, the prediction of the high efficiency of elastic training bands as a means of weighting turned out to be spurious

Effects of an Elastic Resistance Band Intervention in Adolescent Handball Players

The objective was to investigate the effects of a 9-week elastic resistance band training within the regular handball training sessions compared to regular handball training only. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention (INT: n=16; age: 17.0 ± 0.7 years) or a control (CON: n=16; age: 16.9 ± 0.9 years) group. The INT-group performed elastic resistance band exercises (3/week) for 20–30 minutes while the CON-group conducted regular handball training only. Pre- and post-training assessments included measures of strength endurance (Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test [CKCUEST]), maximal isometric strength (MIS), and throwing velocity. Significant main effects of Test (i.e. pre- to post-training enhancements) were detected for the CKCUEST (p < 0.001, 0.54 ≤ ηp 2 ≤ 0.57) and throwing velocity (p = 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.34). We found a significant (throwing velocity: p = 0.004, ηp 2 = 0.25) and a tendency toward (MIS of the internal rotators, non-throwing arm: p = 0.068, ηp 2 = 0.12) a significant Test × Group interaction, both in favour of the INT-group. A 9-week strengthening program using elastic resistance bands combined with regular handball training is effective to improve upper extremity strength endurance, throwing velocity, and MIS of the internal rotators of the non-throwing arm.

In vivo loading on the hip joint in patients with total hip replacement performing gymnastics and aerobics exercises

A further increase in the number of total hip arthroplasty (THA) is predicted, in particular the number of young THA patients has raised and with it their demands. There is no standardized evidence-based rehabilitation program and no reliable guidelines for sports activities after THA. Stretching and strengthening gymnastics are routinely performed in rehabilitation and aerobics as a sport after THA. The aim of the investigation was to determine the in vivo force and moments acting on the hip prosthesis during gymnastics and aerobic exercises to provide a source for evidence-based recommendations. Hip joint loads were measured in six patients with instrumented hip implants. The resulting force FRes, bending moment MBend at the neck and torsional moment MTors at the stem were examined during seven strengthening (with two different resistance bands) and four stretching gymnastic exercises and seven aerobic exercises with and without an aerobic step board compared to the loads during the reference activity walking. The stretching and strengthening gymnastics exercises and the aerobic exercises with and without a board demonstrated in their median peak force and moments mostly lower or similar values compared to walking. Significantly increased loads were recorded for the flexor stretching exercise in monopod stand (Fres and MBend), the strengthening abduction exercise on the chair (MTors) and the strengthening flexion exercise with the stronger resistance band (MTors). We also found a significant increase in median peak values in aerobic exercises with a board for the "Basic Step" (ipsilateral started Fres and MTors; contralateral started MTors), "Kickstep ipsilateral started" (Fres and MTors) and "Over the Top contralateral started" (Fres). The in vivo loads in THA patients during frequently performed stretching, strengthening and aerobic exercises were demonstrated for the first time. It was proved that stretching gymnastic exercises are safe in terms of resulting force, bending and torque moments for THA patients, although an external assistance for stabilization may be considered. Strengthening gymnastics exercises are reliable in terms of Fres, MBend and MTors, but, based on our data, we recommend to adhere to the communicated specific postoperative restrictions and select the resistance bands with lower tension. Aerobic exercises without an aerobic board can be considered as reliable activity in terms of force and moments for THA patients. Aerobic exercises with a board are not recommended for the early postoperative period and in our opinion need to be adapted to the individual muscular and coordinative resources.

Effect of dynamic and static strength training on hormonal activity in elite boxers

Background: The aim of this study was to determine hormonal responses to acute and chronic exposure to static and dynamic strength training programs using resistance bands in boxers. Material and methods: 19 male national boxers participated in the study. Boxers were instructed to perform strength exercises with resistance bands for 3 days a week for 8 weeks involving either dynamic (n=10) or static (n=9) resistance exercises. Blood samples were taken before exercise, immediately after the initial exercise session, and 8 weeks later following the last exercise session. Cortisol, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were measured. Statistical analyses involved non-parametric analysis with an alpha level of .05. Results: Dynamic strength exercises were effective stimuli to growth hormone, adrenaline and noradrenaline, while static strength exercises provoked cortisol, growth hormone, adrenaline and noradrenaline responses both initially after exercise and after 8 weeks of chronic training. Neither dynamic nor static strength exercises were effective in prompting adrenocorticotropic changes after an exercise session or after 8 weeks of training. Conclusions: We showed that dynamic and static strength exercise protocols using resistance bands both could provoke acute and chronic hormonal responses in boxers similar to more traditional modes of such exercise. Abbreviations: ACTH ̶ Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, GH ̶ Growth Hormone, C ̶ Cortisol.