10-Year Changes in Upper Body Strength and Power in Elite Professional Rugby League Players—The Effect of Training Age, Stage, and Content

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Rugby League ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Upper Body Strength

Discriminative Analyses of Various Upper Body Tests in Professional Rugby-League Players

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Baker ◽  
Robert U. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Upper Body Strength

Purpose:To examine the upper body strength, speed, power, and strength-endurance of rugby-league players of different ranks. These data could provide information pertinent to the importance of these factors for different grades of rugby league and for positional groups in those different grades.Methods:Sixty rugby-league players, 20 participants each in the elite, national first-division league (NRL), state-based second-division league (SRL), and intracity third-division league (CRL), served as subjects. Maximal upper body strength, power, speed, and muscle endurance were assessed using the bench-press exercise.Results:The NRL players were significantly stronger (141.4 ± 15.4 kg) than SRL (126.6 ± 13.1 kg, ES = 1.033) and CRL (108.1 kg ± 11.6, ES = 2.458) and more powerful (NRL = 680 ± 99 W) than SRL (591 ± 72 W, ES = 1.037) and CRL players (521 ± 71 W, ES = 1.867). The differences in speed (NRL = 345 ± 31 W, SRL = 319 ± 29 W, CRL = 303 ± 29 W; ES = 0.884 and 1.409, respectively) and strength-endurance (NRL = 36 ± 7 reps, SRL = 32 reps ± 7, CRL = 24 ± 5 reps; ES = 0.521 and 1.984, respectively) were not as pronounced.Conclusions:Of the tests undertaken, maximal strength best describes players who attain NRL ranking. Maximum power and strength-endurance were also strong descriptors of attainment of NRL level. Upper body speed appears less likely to strongly discriminate between players who attain NRL level and those who do not. These results tended to hold true across the different team positional groupings.

scholarly journals Influences of Differing Menarche Status on Motor Capabilities of Girls, 13 To 16 Years: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5539
Author(s):  
Barry Gerber ◽  
Anita E. Pienaar ◽  
Ankebe Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Motor Fitness ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
The Status ◽  
Hand Eye Coordination ◽  
Upper Body Strength ◽  
D Values

Puberty and the onset of menarche influences the motor performance of girls. However, the magnitude of these influences during varying maturity status, is not clear. This longitudinal study over two years aimed to investigate differences in motor fitness between early and late developing girls based on pre- and post-menarche status. A convenience sample (n = 58) of girls aged 13.51 ± 3.51, divided by means of the Status Quo method into pre (n = 13) and post-menarche (n = 45) groups, was used. Motor fitness was tested once annually by standardized protocols. Basic statistics, independent t-testing and a repeated measures ANOVA with a post hoc Bonferonni correction were used (p < 0.05 = statistical significance). Effect sizes were determined by Cohen’s d-values. Only explosive upper body strength differed significantly between groups during baseline, favoring post-menarche girls. Initially, post-menarche girls showed advantages in hand-eye coordination and speed (p > 0.05) with pre-menarche girls performing better in agility and explosive leg strength (p > 0.05). At 15.51 years, no significant, between-group differences were found. Pre-menarche girls surpassed post-menarche girls in hand-eye coordination and 0–40 m speed and post-menarche girls displayed higher explosive leg and upper body strength scores (p > 0.05). Our data show that the potential to excel in sport based on motor capabilities can only be accurately estimated 1–2 years after reaching menarche.

scholarly journals An Eye Tracking Examination of Men’s Attractiveness by Conceptive Risk Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 147470491769074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Garza ◽  
Roberto R. Heredia ◽  
Anna B. Cieślicka
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Body Hair ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Upper Body Strength ◽  
Visual Attraction ◽  
Physical Shape

Previous research has indicated that women prefer men who exhibit an android physical appearance where fat distribution is deposited on the upper body (i.e., shoulders and arms) and abdomen. This ideal physical shape has been associated with perceived dominance, health, and immunocompetence. Although research has investigated attractability of men with these ideal characteristics, research on how women visually perceive these characteristics is limited. The current study investigated visual perception and attraction toward men in Hispanic women of Mexican American descent. Women exposed to a front-posed image, where the waist-to-chest ratio (WCR) and hair distribution were manipulated, rated men’s body image associated with upper body strength (low WCR 0.7) as more attractive. Additionally, conceptive risk did not play a strong role in attractiveness and visual attention. Hair distribution did not contribute to increased ratings of attraction but did contribute to visual attraction when measuring total time where men with both facial and body hair were viewed longer. These findings suggest that physical characteristics in men exhibiting upper body strength and dominance are strong predictors of visual attraction.

scholarly journals Comparison of upper body strength gains between men and women after 10 weeks of resistance training

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Gentil ◽  
James Steele ◽  
Maria C. Pereira ◽  
Rafael P.M. Castanheira ◽  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Elbow Flexor ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Upper Body Strength ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Flexor Strength

Resistance training (RT) offers benefits to both men and women. However, the studies about the differences between men and women in response to an RT program are not conclusive and few data are available about upper body strength response. The aim of this study was to compare elbow flexor strength gains in men and women after 10 weeks of RT. Forty-four college-aged men (22.63 ± 2.34 years) and forty-seven college-aged women (21.62 ± 2.96 years) participated in the study. The RT program was performed two days a week for 10 weeks. Before and after the training period, peak torque (PT) of the elbow flexors was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer. PT values were higher in men in comparison to women in pre- and post-tests (p< 0.01). Both males and females significantly increased elbow flexor strength (p< 0.05); however, strength changes did not differ between genders after 10 weeks of RT program (11.61 and 11.76% for men and women, respectively;p> 0.05). Effect sizes were 0.57 and 0.56 for men and women, respectively. In conclusion, the present study suggests that men and women have a similar upper body strength response to RT.

scholarly journals Reliability of Easy Applicable Non-laboratory Methods Used for Determination of the Upper Body Strength

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Serhat ÖZBAY ◽  
Süleyman ULUPINAR ◽  
Vedat ÇINAR ◽  
Taner AKBULUT
Keyword(s):  
Upper Body ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Upper Body Strength
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