scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of the GLM Stoplight Product for Lightning Safety

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey T. STANO ◽  
Matthew R. Smith ◽  
Christopher J. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Air Force ◽  
United States Air Force ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Visualization Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rules Of Thumb ◽  
Short Term Prediction ◽  
Lightning Safety

The launch of the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) aboard Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R/S (GOES-16/17), provides new opportunities to support lightning safety, such as the 30-min hazard (“stoplight”) safety product developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Short-term Prediction Research and Transition Center. This product plots the spatial extent where lightning occurred over the past 30 min and color codes the data in 10-min bins. Using GLM’s mapping of the spatial footprint of individual flashes, the product identifies when temporal rules for lightning safety have been met based on the needs of decision-support partners [commercial airlines, 10 min; United States Air Force (USAF) 45th Weather Squadron, 20 min; emergency management (EMA)/National Weather Service (NWS), 30 min]. The effort was guided by EMA partners requesting a product that quickly shows the location and age of lightning observations in an easy-to-interpret visualization. Analysis of lightning safety rules of thumb were performed in the framework of the GLM stoplight product to determine the number of times each of the partner criteria would be violated using an Eulerian-based approach simulating an integrated decision support point of view. The temporal criteria for commercial airlines, USAF, and EMA/NWS were violated 9.5%, 3.5%, and 1.4% of the time within this sample, respectively. Examples are provided to show the GLM 30-min hazard product in linear convection, multicellular convection, and electrified snowfall events. Illustrations also demonstrate how this GLM safety product and ground-based, lightning-location systems can work in tandem to maximize lightning safety protocols.

Overview of the Air Force Program in Workload Assessment

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 668-668
Author(s):  
Robert D. O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Aerospace Medicine ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Medical Division ◽  
Aerospace Medical

The Aerospace Medical Division of the U.S. Air Force has recognized the need to develop a comprehensive program to define assessment techniques presently available in measuring the workload imposed by systems, to develop new techniques, and eventually to standardize the approach used for this purpose. A joint program between the Air Force Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory and the School of Aerospace Medicine has therefore been developed. The short-term program goals are evolved from field requirements determined through large scale surveys, time-line analyses of systems, and other observational techniques. Using these, existing methods for answering workload questions are being evaluated with a goal toward short-term standardization of techniques within the Air Force. From a longer range point-of-view, new metrics, both behavioral and neurophysiological, are being investigated. As sensitive non-obstrusive measures are isolated, they will be incorporated into the standardized testing procedures. Ultimately, the program points toward development of computer modeling techniques to permit man-rating of systems with respect to workload at an early stage of system design.

New understanding on the principle of earthquake

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150013
Author(s):  
Kunquan Lu ◽  
Zexian Cao
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Simple Fact ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Crustal Rocks ◽  
Tectonic Force ◽  
Term Prediction ◽  
Short Term Prediction ◽  
Precursory Information

Earthquake is a natural disaster that causes enormous losses to human society and its prediction is a major scientific challenge widely concerned by the society. However, the mechanism of earthquake is far from clear, and the mainstream view in the international seismology community is that earthquakes are unpredictable. Based on some new concepts and new knowledge developed in physics, this study scrutinizes the incubation and occurrence of earthquake from a novel perspective, and introduces a new understanding of earthquake principle. It is found that the view of earthquake unpredictability originates from the incorrect understanding of both earthquake principle and the self-organized criticality (SOC). That is to say, earthquake is consistent with the laws of SOC, which means it would be impossible to make a medium- or long-term prediction, yet the short-term prediction should still be possible. The preconditions for successful prediction include understanding correctly of earthquake principle, obtaining sufficient characteristic precursory information, and gathering relevant geological data. Traditional seismology is based on the solid continuum mechanics which holds the view that earthquakes are caused by brittle fracture of crustal rocks through the so-called “elastic rebound” mechanism. This point of view is seriously inconsistent with many field observations, cannot account for many seismic phenomena. It therefore cannot obtain and understand the earthquake precursory information correctly, and naturally reach the false conclusion that earthquake is unpredictable. Based on the simple fact that the crust is composed of rock blocks with fault gouges filling in between them, we treat the crust as a discrete system and understand the earthquake incubation process by means of granular physics. The new understanding gained is that the tectonic force propagates through force chains formed by the rock blocks, and the rock blocks move in the manner of stick-slip. Furthermore, by carefully analyzing how the strength of crustal rocks and the distributions of tectonic force vary with depth, we propose that the physical mechanism of earthquake is plastic sliding of rock and a jamming — unjamming transition of rock motion. Our novel theory on the earthquake principle and the earthquake processes can explain many seismological phenomena that could not be understood in terms of traditional seismology, such as the heat-flow paradox and the cause of deep-focus earthquake, etc. Based on this new understanding of earthquake principle, we put forward suggestions on how to obtain the earthquake precursory information correctly, so as to realize the goal of short-term prediction of earthquake.

Analysis and Short-Term Prediction of Information Service Industry’s Prosperity Index

2014 ◽  
Vol 945-949 ◽  
pp. 2971-2976
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Fei Sun ◽  
Xiao Hong Shan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Development Index ◽  
The Past ◽  
Draw Conclusion ◽  
Short Term Prediction

As an emerging industry of strategic importance, the development of information service industry has been compelling. By analyzing the development process of the information services industry in the past decade, we can learn that the information service is in warm now. Through establishing an ARMIA model, this study draw conclusion that the industry development index will rise steadily and slowly in 2014. The findings can help government, investors, consumer get a close understanding of the Information Service Industry and take it as a basis for decision making.

scholarly journals Organic or contract support? Investigating cost and performance in aircraft sustainment

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D Ritschel ◽  
Tamiko L Ritschel
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
United States Air Force ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Support Costs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Total Life

Over the past 15 years, the United States Air Force (USAF) has shifted toward utilizing more Contracted Logistics Support (CLS) and away from organic maintenance in their aircraft fleets. Given operating and support costs comprise 53-65% of total life-cycle costs for USAF aircraft, understanding the implications of these sustainment decisions is imperative. Utilizing a maintenance cost per flying hour metric and performing regression analysis, we find the maintenance strategy decision (CLS, mixed, or organic) is the most significant driver. We then examine performance metrics in relation to two established aircraft availability targets. Analysis of variance reveals statistically significant differences between maintenance strategies, with CLS outperforming organic in relation to the targets.

Obesity and adiposity: the culprit of dietary protein efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-401
Author(s):  
Carla El-Mallah ◽  
Omar Obeid
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Reduce Sugar ◽  
Eye Opening ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Limitations And Exceptions

Abstract Obesity and increased body adiposity have been alarmingly increasing over the past decades and have been linked to a rise in food intake. Many dietary restrictive approaches aiming at reducing weight have resulted in contradictory results. Additionally, some policies to reduce sugar or fat intake were not able to decrease the surge of obesity. This suggests that food intake is controlled by a physiological mechanism and that any behavioural change only leads to a short-term success. Several hypotheses have been postulated, and many of them have been rejected due to some limitations and exceptions. The present review aims at presenting a new theory behind the regulation of energy intake, therefore providing an eye-opening field for energy balance and a potential strategy for obesity management.

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