scholarly journals Reward and Punishment Sensitivity in Borderline and Avoidant Personality Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Kathy R. Berenson ◽  
Sarah M. Van De Weert ◽  
Stella Nicolaou ◽  
Cindy Campoverde ◽  
Eshkol Rafaeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Avoidant Personality Disorder ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Punishment Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment ◽  
Probabilistic Reversal Learning ◽  
Reward And Punishment

The authors compared self-reported and behavioral responses to reward and punishment in individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) or avoidant personality disorder (APD) relative to a healthy comparison (HC) group. As predicted, self-reported sensitivity to reward was significantly higher in the BPD group than in the APD and HC groups. Also as predicted, self-reported sensitivity to punishment was significantly elevated in both disordered groups but significantly higher in APD than in BPD. These hypothesized patterns were also evident in responses to behavioral tasks: Participants with BPD made more errors of commission and fewer errors of omission than HC participants on a passive avoidance learning task, and participants with APD showed greater reactivity to losses than other participants on a probabilistic reversal learning task. Results help characterize differences between these two disorders.

scholarly journals Sex differences in neural responses to reward and the influences of individual reward and punishment sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isha Dhingra ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Simon Zhornitsky ◽  
Wuyi Wang ◽  
Thang M. Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Punishment Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment ◽  
Reward And Punishment

Abstract Background Men and women show differences in sensitivity to reward and punishment, which may impact behavior in health and disease. However, the neural bases of these sex differences remain under-investigated. Here, by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a variant of the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT), we examined sex differences in the neural responses to wins and losses and how individual reward and punishment sensitivity modulates these regional activities. Methods Thirty-sex men and 27 women participated in the fMRI study. We assessed sensitivity to punishment (SP) and sensitivity to reward (SR) with the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). In the MIDT, participants pressed a button to collect reward ($1, 1¢, or nil), with the reaction time window titrated across trials so participants achieved a success rate of approximately 67%. We processed the Imaging data with published routines and evaluated the results with a corrected threshold. Results Women showed higher SP score than men and men showed higher SR score than women. Men relative to women showed higher response to the receipt of dollar or cent reward in bilateral orbitofrontal and visual cortex. Men as compared to women also showed higher response to dollar loss in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex. Further, in whole-brain regressions, women relative to men demonstrated more significant modulation by SP in the neural responses to wins and larger wins, and the sex differences were confirmed by slope tests. Conclusions Together, men showed higher SR and neural sensitivity to both wins, large or small, and losses than women. Individual differences in SP were associated with diminished neural responses to wins and larger wins in women only. These findings highlight how men and women may differ in reward-related brain activations in the MIDT and add to the imaging literature of sex differences in cognitive and affective functions.

Associations between sensitivity to punishment, sensitivity to reward, and gambling

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca M. Gaher ◽  
Austin M. Hahn ◽  
Hanako Shishido ◽  
Jeffrey S. Simons ◽  
Sam Gaster
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Punishment Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment

scholarly journals Differential valuation and learning from social and non-social cues in Borderline Personality Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K Fineberg ◽  
Jacob Leavitt ◽  
Dylan S Stahl ◽  
Sharif Kronemer ◽  
Christopher D. Landry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Quantitative Models ◽  
The Social ◽  
Valuation Task ◽  
Social Valuation

AbstractBackgroundVolatile interpersonal relationships are a core feature of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), and lead to devastating disruption of patients’ personal and professional lives. Quantitative models of social decision making and learning hold promise for defining the underlying mechanisms of this problem. In this study, we tested BPD and control subject weighting of social versus non-social information, and their learning about choices under stable and volatile conditions. We compared behavior using quantitative models.MethodsSubjects (n=20 BPD, n=23 control) played an extended reward learning task with a partner (confederate) that requires learning about non-social and social cue reward probability (The Social Valuation Task). Task experience was measured using language metrics: explicit emotions/beliefs, talk about the confederate, and implicit distress (using the previously established marker self-referentiality). Subjects’ weighting of social and non-social cues was tested in mixed-effects regression models. Subjects’ learning rates under stable and volatile conditions were modelled (Rescorla-Wagner approach) and group x condition interactions tested.ResultsCompared to controls, BPD subject debriefings included more mentions of the confederate and less distress language. BPD subjects also weighted social cues more heavily, but had blunted learning responses to (non-social and social) volatility.ConclusionsThis is the first report of patient behavior in the Social Valuation Task. The results suggest that BPD subjects expect higher volatility than do controls. These findings lay the groundwork for a neuro-computational dissection of social and non-social belief updating in BPD, which holds promise for the development of novel clinical interventions that more directly target pathophysiology.

Trait impulsivity in female patients with borderline personality disorder and matched controls

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen Assar Mortensen ◽  
Lnge Andre Rasmussen ◽  
Asta Håberg
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Trait Impulsivity

Mortensen JA, Rasmussen IA, Håberg A. Trait impulsivity in female patients with borderline personality disorder and matched controls.Objective:Impulsivity has been shown to load on two separate factors, rash impulsivity and sensitivity to reward (SR) in several factor analytic studies. The aims of the current study were to explore the nature of impulsivity in women with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and matched controls, and the underlying neuronal correlates for rash impulsivity and SR.Methods:Fifteen females diagnosed with BPD and 15 matched controls were recruited. All completed the impulsiveness-venturesomeness scale (I7), the sensitivity to punishment (SP) - sensitivity to reward (SR) questionnaire, and performed a Go-NoGo block-design functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm at 3T. Correlation analyses were done with I7, SP and SR scores with the level of activation in different brain areas in the whole group. An independent group t-test was used to explore any differences between the BPD group and the matched controls.Results:I7 scores correlated negatively with activity in the left orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala and precuneus, and bilaterally in the cingulate cortices during response inhibition for the entire sample. SP yielded negative correlations in the right superior frontal gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus. No activity related to response inhibition correlated to SR. The Go-NoGo task gave similar brain activity in BPD and matched controls, but behaviourally the BPD group had significantly more commission errors in the NoGo blocks. The BPD group had increased I7 and SP scores indicating rash impulsiveness combined with heightened SP.Conclusion:These results imply that successful impulse inhibition involves interaction between the impulsive and the emotional systems. Furthermore, impulsivity in BPD is described as rash impulsivity, coexisting with increased SP.

Associative learning profiles in Borderline Personality Disorder: Acquisition, Kamin blocking, and metacognitive performance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Kathryn Fineberg ◽  
Jason C. Hu ◽  
Kaylee Null ◽  
Eli S. Neustadter ◽  
Madison Sakheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Learning Deficits ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Previous Learning

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with deficits in neuropsychological measures such as memory, cognitive flexibility, and learning. Mixed findings suggest that deficits may be specific to particular aspects of learning. This is the first study to examine Kamin blocking in a BPD sample. A sample of 51 female subjects (N = 24 control, N = 27 BPD) were recruited. Participants completed a learning task in three phases: a first acquisition phase to learn cue-outcome associations, a second pairing phase to set up blocked cues, and a third testing phase to measure the extent of blocking and to test reversal learning. Participants indicated choice and certainty at each trial, and received feedback immediately after each trial. In phase one, mean correctness but not learning rate was less in BPD than control. Participants with BPD were also less certain about their responses, which correlated positively with correctness – this correlation was not found for control subjects. Kamin blocking, maintenance of previous learning, and reversal learning did not differ between groups. These results cohere with the idea that learning deficits in BPD are in specific domains, including the novel finding that Kamin blocking is preserved in BPD. The significant correlation between certainty and correctness in BPD may hint at mechanisms underlying the maintenance of low mood.

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