Associations between sensitivity to punishment, sensitivity to reward, and gambling

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca M. Gaher ◽  
Austin M. Hahn ◽  
Hanako Shishido ◽  
Jeffrey S. Simons ◽  
Sam Gaster
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Punishment Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment

scholarly journals Sex differences in neural responses to reward and the influences of individual reward and punishment sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isha Dhingra ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Simon Zhornitsky ◽  
Wuyi Wang ◽  
Thang M. Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Punishment Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment ◽  
Reward And Punishment

Abstract Background Men and women show differences in sensitivity to reward and punishment, which may impact behavior in health and disease. However, the neural bases of these sex differences remain under-investigated. Here, by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a variant of the Monetary Incentive Delay Task (MIDT), we examined sex differences in the neural responses to wins and losses and how individual reward and punishment sensitivity modulates these regional activities. Methods Thirty-sex men and 27 women participated in the fMRI study. We assessed sensitivity to punishment (SP) and sensitivity to reward (SR) with the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). In the MIDT, participants pressed a button to collect reward ($1, 1¢, or nil), with the reaction time window titrated across trials so participants achieved a success rate of approximately 67%. We processed the Imaging data with published routines and evaluated the results with a corrected threshold. Results Women showed higher SP score than men and men showed higher SR score than women. Men relative to women showed higher response to the receipt of dollar or cent reward in bilateral orbitofrontal and visual cortex. Men as compared to women also showed higher response to dollar loss in bilateral orbitofrontal cortex. Further, in whole-brain regressions, women relative to men demonstrated more significant modulation by SP in the neural responses to wins and larger wins, and the sex differences were confirmed by slope tests. Conclusions Together, men showed higher SR and neural sensitivity to both wins, large or small, and losses than women. Individual differences in SP were associated with diminished neural responses to wins and larger wins in women only. These findings highlight how men and women may differ in reward-related brain activations in the MIDT and add to the imaging literature of sex differences in cognitive and affective functions.

scholarly journals Are Sensitivity to Punishment, Sensitivity to Reward and Effortful Control Transdiagnostic Mechanisms Underlying the Eating Disorder/Obesity Spectrum?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3327
Author(s):  
Laurence Claes ◽  
Glenn Kiekens ◽  
Els Boekaerts ◽  
Lies Depestele ◽  
Eva Dierckx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Punishment Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment

Although it has been postulated that eating disorders (EDs) and obesity form part of a broad spectrum of eating- and weight-related disorders, this has not yet been tested empirically. In the present study, we investigated interindividual differences in sensitivity to punishment, sensitivity to reward, and effortful control along the ED/obesity spectrum in women. We used data on 286 patients with eating disorders (44.6% AN-R, 24.12% AN-BP, and 31.82% BN), 126 healthy controls, and 640 Class II/III obese bariatric patients (32.81% Class II and 67.19% Class III) with and without binge eating. Participants completed the behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation scales, as well as the effortful control scale, to assess sensitivity to punishment and reward and effortful control. Results showed that patients with EDs scored significantly higher on punishment sensitivity (anxiety) compared to healthy controls and Class II/III obese patients; the different groups did not differ significantly on reward sensitivity. Patients with binge eating or compensatory behaviors scored significantly lower on effortful control than patients without binge eating. Differences in temperamental profiles along the ED/obesity spectrum appear continuous and gradual rather than categorical. This implies that it may be meaningful to include emotion regulation and impulse regulation training in the treatment of both EDs and obesity.

scholarly journals Reward and Punishment Sensitivity in Borderline and Avoidant Personality Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Kathy R. Berenson ◽  
Sarah M. Van De Weert ◽  
Stella Nicolaou ◽  
Cindy Campoverde ◽  
Eshkol Rafaeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Avoidant Personality Disorder ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Punishment Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment ◽  
Probabilistic Reversal Learning ◽  
Reward And Punishment

The authors compared self-reported and behavioral responses to reward and punishment in individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) or avoidant personality disorder (APD) relative to a healthy comparison (HC) group. As predicted, self-reported sensitivity to reward was significantly higher in the BPD group than in the APD and HC groups. Also as predicted, self-reported sensitivity to punishment was significantly elevated in both disordered groups but significantly higher in APD than in BPD. These hypothesized patterns were also evident in responses to behavioral tasks: Participants with BPD made more errors of commission and fewer errors of omission than HC participants on a passive avoidance learning task, and participants with APD showed greater reactivity to losses than other participants on a probabilistic reversal learning task. Results help characterize differences between these two disorders.

scholarly journals A Multimethod Examination of Sensitivity to Reward and Sensitivity to Punishment in Bipolar Disorder and Alcohol Dependence: Results from a 2 × 2 Factorial Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
William Mellick ◽  
James J. Prisciandaro ◽  
Helena Brenner ◽  
Delisa Brown ◽  
Bryan K. Tolliver
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Present Sample ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Shared neurobehavioral characteristics of bipolar disorder (BD) and alcohol dependence (AD), including heightened sensitivity to reward (SR), may account for high rates of BD and AD co-occurrence (BD + AD). However, empirical research is lacking. The present multimethod investigation examined SR and sensitivity to punishment (SP) among these patient groups using a reliable and well-validated self-report questionnaire of SR and SP along with a laboratory task specifically designed to distinguish SR and SP activation. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> One-hundred participants formed 4 groups: BD + AD (<i>n</i> = 40), BD (<i>n</i> = 18), AD (<i>n</i> = 25), and healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 17). Clinical interviews were administered, and participants completed the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSR-Q) and the Point Score Reaction Test behavioral task. Pearson correlations, hierarchical linear regression, and 2 × 2 factorial general linear modeling with Bonferroni-corrected pairwise comparisons were performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> BD and AD main effects were significant on self-reported SR and SP; however, BD × AD interactions were not. BD + AD individuals were significantly higher on self-reported SR than BD and AD individuals, yet all clinical groups were similar on SP. Behavioral response times did not distinguish groups nor did they associate with self-report data. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> BD and AD had additive, rather than interactive, effects on self-reported SR and SP. The methods employed, paired with their application to the present sample, may account for a lack of positive findings with behavioral data.

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