The Improvement of Phytomediation on the Treatment Effectiveness of Heavy Metals with Energy Sunflower Plants with Calcium Peroxide and Phytohormones

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Y
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Calcium Peroxide

scholarly journals The Improvement of Phytomediation on the Treatment Effectiveness of Heavy Metals with Energy Sunflower Plants with Calcium Peroxide and Phytohormones

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Y TEH ◽  
Wuminhao Wu ◽  
Kf Chen ◽  
Yp Peng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Calcium Peroxide ◽  
Plant Extraction ◽  
Pot Culture

　Phytomediation is an environmentally friendly green rehabilitation technology that is often incorporated with an application to improve calcium peroxide and phytohormones required for the growth of agricultural plants with the expectation to improve the effectiveness of plant rehabilitation. This study mainly consists of two parts: (1) water culture experiment and (2) pot culture experiment. In the water culture experiment, we attempt to understand the influence of the addition of calcium peroxide, phytohormones (IAA and GA3) and a chelating agent on the growth of sunflower plants. From the growth, we are then able to know the effectiveness of the addition of phytohormones. However, in the pot culture experiment, when hormones and the chelating agent EDTA are introduced to different plant groups at the same time, if the nutrition in the water required by plants is not available, the addition of the hormone cannot negate the toxicity caused by EDTA. In terms of calcium peroxide, due to quick release of oxygen in water, this study fails to apply calcium peroxide to the water culture experiment.     When the pot culture experiment is used to examine the influence of hormones at different concentration levels on the growth of sunflowers, GA3 10-8M is reported to have the optimal effectiveness, followed by IAA 10-8M; IAA 10-12M has the lowest effectiveness. According to an accumulation analysis of heavy metals at different levels, GA3 concentrates in leaves to transport nutrition in soil to leaves. This results in an excellent TF value of 2.329G of GA3 than 1.845 of the control group indicating that the addition of the hormone and chelating agent to GA3 increases the TF value and the chelating agent is beneficial to the sunflower plant. If we examine phytoattenuation ability, the one-month experiment was divided into three stages for ten days each. The concentration level of heavy metals in the soil at each stage dropped continuously while that of the control group decreased from 31.63 mg/kg to 23.96 mg/kg, GA3 from 32.09 mg/kg to 23.04 mg/kg and EDTA from 30.65 mg/kg to 25.93 mg/kg indicating the quickest growth period of the sunflowers from the formation of the bud to blossom. During the stage, the quick upward transportation of nutrition results in quick accumulation of heavy metals; the accumulated speed of heavy metals is found higher than that of directly planted plants. This study shows an improvement in the effectiveness of the addition of hormones on plant extraction and when rehabilitation is incorporated with sunflowers with the beginning bud formation, better treatment effectiveness can be reached.

scholarly journals Removal of heavy metals in plating wastewater by electrocoagulation process using cylindrical electrodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-257
Author(s):  
Hien Thi To ◽  
Hoang Minh Le ◽  
Thao Thi Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Phu Ly Sy Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pure Oxygen ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Plating Wastewater

This study focuses on removing the metals: chromium, nickel, zinc and copper in high concentrations (particularly with chromium, whose concentration went up to 350 ppm) in plating wastewater by electrocoagulation (EC) method using direct current (DC). The wastewater was contained in a 2 L batch airlift reactor; pure oxygen 99.9 % was blown into the reactor to increase the treatment efficiency. Cylindrical iron electrodes were used in the cell. The results showed that pH, current density, and residence time were three major factors influencing the treatment effectiveness. Over 99.9 % of heavy metals were effectively removed when optimizing the operating conditions with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in the current density 8.79 mA/cm2, 30.01 minutes, at pH 4.95. Beside the consideration of the effectiveness of this method in different concentrations of plating wastewater Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) scan, and Tafel line were also used for measuring the existing ability of electrodes in the wastewater to study situations happening while operating the cell in the reality. With high efficiency, simple operation, no cost for chemical, and the power consumption of only 10 kWh/m3, this method can be used in treating plating wastewater in the reality.

Sampling and analysis of the air-water interface with SEM and EDS of microlayers

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1004-1005
Author(s):  
Randall W. Smith ◽  
John Dash
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Surface Films ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
Bulk Chemical

The structure of the air-water interface forms a boundary layer that involves biological ,chemical geological and physical processes in its formation. Freshwater and sea surface microlayers form at the air-water interface and include a diverse assemblage of organic matter, detritus, microorganisms, plankton and heavy metals. The sampling of microlayers and the examination of components is presently a significant area of study because of the input of anthropogenic materials and their accumulation at the air-water interface. The neustonic organisms present in this environment may be sensitive to the toxic components of these inputs. Hardy reports that over 20 different methods have been developed for sampling of microlayers, primarily for bulk chemical analysis. We report here the examination of microlayer films for the documentation of structure and composition.Baier and Gucinski reported the use of Langmuir-Blogett films obtained on germanium prisms for infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR-ATR) of components. The sampling of microlayers has been done by collecting fi1ms on glass plates and teflon drums, We found that microlayers could be collected on 11 mm glass cover slips by pulling a Langmuir-Blogett film from a surface microlayer. Comparative collections were made on methylcel1ulose filter pads. The films could be air-dried or preserved in Lugol's Iodine Several slicks or surface films were sampled in September, 1987 in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland and in August, 1988 in Sequim Bay, Washington, For glass coverslips the films were air-dried, mounted on SEM pegs, ringed with colloidal silver, and sputter coated with Au-Pd, The Langmuir-Blogett film technique maintained the structure of the microlayer intact for examination, SEM observation and EDS analysis were then used to determine organisms and relative concentrations of heavy metals, using a Link AN 10000 EDS system with an ISI SS40 SEM unit. Typical heavy microlayer films are shown in Figure 3.

Preliminary Findings on the Use of Session Questionnaires to Improve Clinician-Client Alliance With Special Consideration to Clinical Education

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Anu Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Specific Feedback ◽  
Stakeholder Perspective

ASHA's focus on evidence-based practice (EBP) includes the family/stakeholder perspective as an important tenet in clinical decision making. The common factors model for treatment effectiveness postulates that clinician-client alliance positively impacts therapeutic outcomes and may be the most important factor for success. One strategy to improve alliance between a client and clinician is the use of outcome questionnaires. In the current study, eight parents of toddlers who attended therapy sessions at a university clinic responded to a session outcome questionnaire that included both rating scale and descriptive questions. Six graduate students completed a survey that included a question about the utility of the questionnaire. Results indicated that the descriptive questions added value and information compared to using only the rating scale. The students were varied in their responses regarding the effectiveness of the questionnaire to increase their comfort with parents. Information gathered from the questionnaire allowed for specific feedback to graduate students to change behaviors and created opportunities for general discussions regarding effective therapy techniques. In addition, the responses generated conversations between the client and clinician focused on clients' concerns. Involving the stakeholder in identifying both effective and ineffective aspects of therapy has advantages for clinical practice and education.

Research Consumerism 101: Evaluating External Evidence of Treatment Effectiveness

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
James L. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Intervention Selection ◽  
Published Research

Abstract The modern clinician is a research consumer. Rehabilitation of oropharyngeal impairments, and prevention of the adverse outcomes of dysphagia, requires the clinician to select interventions for which evidence of a reasonable likelihood of a successful, important outcome exists. The purpose of this paper is to provide strategies for evaluation of published research regarding treatment of oropharyngeal dysphagia. This article utilizes tutorial and examples to inform and educate practitioners in methods of appraising published research. It provides and encourages the use of methods of efficiently evaluating the validity and clinical importance of published research. Additionally, it discusses the importance of the ethical obligation we, as practitioners, have to use evidence-based treatment selection methods and measurement of patient performance during therapy. The reader is provided with tactics for evaluating treatment studies to establish a study's validity and, thereby, objectively select interventions. The importance of avoiding subjective or unsubstantiated claims and using objective methods of generating empirical clinical evidence is emphasized. The ability to evaluate the quality of research provides clinicians with objective intervention selection as an important, essential component of evidence-based clinical practice. ASHA Code of Ethics (2003): Principle I, Rule F: “Individuals shall fully inform the persons they serve of the nature and possible effects of services rendered and products dispensed…” (p. 2) Principle I, Rule G: “Individuals shall evaluate the effectiveness of services rendered and of products dispensed and shall provide services or dispense products only when benefit can reasonably be expected.” (p. 2) Principle IV, Rule G: “Individuals shall not provide professional services without exercising independent professional judgment, regardless of referral source or prescription.” (p. 4)

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