Blood analysis of laboratory Macaca mulatta used for neuroscience research: Investigation of long-term and cumulative effects of implants, fluid control, and laboratory procedures

Undergraduate students may be attracted to science and retained in science by engaging in laboratory research. Experience as an apprentice in a scientist's laboratory can be effective in this regard, but the pool of willing scientists is sometimes limited and sustained contact between students and faculty is sometimes minimal. We report outcomes from two different models of a summer neuroscience research program: an Apprenticeship Model (AM) in which individual students joined established research laboratories, and a Collaborative Learning Model (CLM) in which teams of students worked through a guided curriculum and then conducted independent experimentation. Assessed outcomes included attitudes toward science, attitudes toward neuroscience, confidence with neuroscience concepts, and confidence with science skills, measured via pre-, mid-, and postprogram surveys. Both models elevated attitudes toward neuroscience, confidence with neuroscience concepts, and confidence with science skills, but neither model altered attitudes toward science. Consistent with the CLM design emphasizing independent experimentation, only CLM participants reported elevated ability to design experiments. The present data comprise the first of five yearly analyses on this cohort of participants; long-term follow-up will determine whether the two program models are equally effective routes to research or other science-related careers for novice undergraduate neuroscientists.

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Value Added by Data Sharing: Long-Term Potentiation of Neuroscience Research

Neuroinformatics ◽

10.1007/s12021-007-0009-0 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 143-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yuan Liu ◽

Giorgio A. Ascoli

Keyword(s):

Data Sharing ◽

Value Added ◽

Long Term Potentiation ◽

Neuroscience Research ◽

Term Potentiation

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Long-term studies on rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) immunized against Plasmodium knowlesi.

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.15.2.461-465.1977 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 461-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

E J Cabrera ◽

M L Barr ◽

P H Silverman

Keyword(s):

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

Plasmodium Knowlesi ◽

Long Term Studies

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Further evidence of a cumulative effect of social disadvantage on risk of psychosis

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291716002993 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 913-924 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

S. A. Stilo ◽

C. Gayer-Anderson ◽

S. Beards ◽

K. Hubbard ◽

A. Onyejiaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Local Population ◽

Control Sample ◽

Cumulative Effect ◽

Social Disadvantage ◽

Psychiatric Services ◽

Cumulative Effects ◽

First Episode ◽

Increased Risk ◽

First Contact

BackgroundA growing body of evidence suggests that indicators of social disadvantage are associated with an increased risk of psychosis. However, only a few studies have specifically looked at cumulative effects and long-term associations. The aims of this study are: To compare the prevalence of specific indicators of social disadvantage at, and prior to, first contact with psychiatric services in patients suffering their first episode of psychosis and in a control sample. To explore long-term associations, cumulative effects, and direction of effects.MethodWe collected information on social disadvantage from 332 patients and from 301 controls recruited from the local population in South London. Three indicators of social disadvantage in childhood and six indicators of social disadvantage in adulthood were analysed.ResultsAcross all the domains considered, cases were more likely to report social disadvantage than were controls. Compared with controls, cases were approximately two times more likely to have had a parent die and approximately three times more likely to have experienced a long-term separation from one parent before the age of 17 years. Cases were also more likely than controls to report two or more indicators of adult social disadvantage, not only at first contact with psychiatric services [odds ratio (OR) 9.5], but also at onset of psychosis (OR 8.5), 1 year pre-onset (OR 4.5), and 5 years pre-onset (OR 2.9).ConclusionsGreater numbers of indicators of current and long-term exposure are associated with progressively greater odds of psychosis. There is some evidence that social disadvantage tends to cluster and accumulate.

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Remembering Over the Short and Long Term

Working Memory ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198842286.003.0010 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 282-310

Author(s):

Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz ◽

Alexandru D. Iordan

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

Semantic Processing ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Strategic Processing ◽

Term Memory ◽

Neuroscience Research ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Time Courses

This chapter reviews evidence from behavioural and cognitive neuroscience research that supports a unitary view of memory whereby working memory and long-term memory phenomena arise from representations and processes that are largely shared when remembering over the short or long term. Using ‘false working memories’ as a case study, it highlights several paradoxes that cannot be explained by a multisystem view of memory in which working memory and long-term memory are structurally distinct. Instead, it is posited that behavioural memory effects over the short and long term relating to semantic processing, modality/domain-specificity, dual-task interference, strategic processing, and so on arise from the differences in activational states and availability of different representational features (e.g. sensory/perceptual, associative, action-based) that vary in their time courses and activity, attentional priority, and susceptibility to interference. Cognitive neuroscience evidence primarily from brain imaging methodologies that support this view is reviewed.

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Time Effects of Informal Caregiving on Cognitive Function and Well-Being: Evidence From ELSA

The Gerontologist ◽

10.1093/geront/gnaa114 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Yuan ◽

Daniel Grühn

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Cumulative Effect ◽

Well Being ◽

Informal Caregiving ◽

Cumulative Effects ◽

Time Effects ◽

Socioemotional Functioning ◽

Lagged Effects ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background and Objectives As informal caregiving becomes prevalent, its consequences for caregivers’ cognitive and socioemotional functioning gain more importance for society. There are inconsistent findings regarding the direction of the impact of caregiving—whether caregiving maintains or compromises functioning—and the impact of time—whether the effects accumulate or are stable. In this study, we elucidated 3 time effects of caregiving—concurrent, cumulative, and lagged effects—on cognitive and socioemotional functioning. Research Design and Methods We used data from Wave 1 (2002–2003) to Wave 8 (2016–2017) in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and latent growth curve models with the time-varying predictor to investigate 3 time effects of caregiving on cognitive function (memory and executive function) and well-being (life satisfaction and quality of life). Results Over and beyond age effects, current caregiving (concurrent effect) was related to worse well-being and better delayed recall. Little robust cumulative effect was found on cognition and well-being. In addition, there were significant and differential lagged effects of caregiving after controlling for concurrent and cumulative effects; that is, caregiving was related to worse well-being and better memory functioning 2–4 years later. Discussion and Implications The differential concurrent and lagged effects of caregiving on cognitive and socioemotional functioning suggest separate mechanisms for different domains of functioning. The nonsignificant cumulative effects but significant lagged effects imply that even one-time caregiving has long-term (2–4 years) consequences for the caregiver’s future functioning, and the mechanism of long-term caregiving effects may be more qualitative than quantitative.

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DEMONSTRATING THE CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF UNCONSCIOUS BIAS WITH WAGES-ACADEMIC (WORKSHOP ACTIVITY FOR GENDER EQUITY SIMULATION): SHORT- AND LONG-TERM IMPACT ON FACULTY AND ADMINISTRATORS

Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering ◽

10.1615/jwomenminorscieneng.2018014113 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 147-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stephanie A Shields ◽

Kaitlin T. McCormick ◽

Elaine C. Dicicco ◽

Matthew J. Zawadzki

Keyword(s):

Gender Equity ◽

Cumulative Effects ◽

Unconscious Bias ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

Faculty And Administrators

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Long-term mandibular adaptations to protrusive function: An experimental study in Macaca mulatta

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics ◽

10.1016/0889-5406(87)90364-7 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 98-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

James A. McNamara ◽

F. Allen Bryan

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Macaca Mulatta

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The discontinuity of environmental effects monitoring in the Lower Athabasca region of Alberta, Canada: institutional challenges to long-term monitoring and cumulative effects management

Environmental Reviews ◽

10.1139/er-2017-0083 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 169-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Joshua G. Cronmiller ◽

Bram F. Noble

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Environmental Monitoring ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Institutional Arrangements ◽

Cumulative Effects ◽

Regulatory Decision ◽

Monitoring Programs

Long-term regional environmental monitoring, coupled with shorter-term and more localized monitoring carried out under regulatory permitting processes, is foundational to identifying, understanding, and effectively managing cumulative environmental effects. However, monitoring programs that emerge to support cumulative effects science are often short-lived initiatives or disconnected from land use planning and regulatory decision making. This paper examines the history and evolution of environmental monitoring in the Lower Athabasca region of Alberta, Canada, and the enabling and constraining influences of institutional arrangements. Methods involved a review of regional-scale monitoring programs based on an analysis of monitoring agency mandates, performance reports, and external program reviews, supplemented by discussions with monitoring program or agency key informants to triangulate results. Results show that monitoring to support cumulative effects understanding in the Lower Athabasca has advanced considerably, especially since the mid-1990s, but its relevance to, and impact on, cumulative effects management and decision making has been stifled by institutional arrangements. Monitoring has been episodic, reflecting shifting priorities and competing mandates; criticized by stakeholders based on concerns about transparency, credibility, influence over decision making; and characterized by short-lived commitments by the agencies involved. This has generated significant uncertainty about the stability of institutional arrangements to support long-term environmental monitoring, and tensions between the need for scientific autonomy for credible science whilst ensuring the pursuit of monitoring questions that are relevant to the day-to-day needs of regulatory decision makers. Regional monitoring programs require, at a minimum, clear vision and agreed-upon monitoring questions that are of scientific and management value, meaningful and balanced stakeholder engagement, and a clear governance process to ensure credibility and influence of monitoring results on decision making.

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