scholarly journals Altered Excitability of the Crayfish Lateral Giant Escape Reflex during Agonistic Encounters

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin B. Krasne ◽  
Ashkan Shamsian ◽  
Raghavendra Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Escape Reflex ◽  
Agonistic Encounters

The displays and call notes of cardinals

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Lemon
Keyword(s):  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Visual Displays ◽  
Courtship Feeding ◽  
Agonistic Encounters

This paper presents descriptions of the calls and visual displays of the cardinal, Richmondena cardinalis, and suggests some motivational factors behind the displays. Of the several calls, some occur in highly specific situations as exemplified by the piping call of the male during courtship feeding. Others occur in more than one context, an example being the chitter call used in intense situations of agonism or alarm. In agonistic encounters, several calls of similar structure occur together.Among the displays the most interesting are those used in courtship, namely, song-flight, song-dance, lopsided, and courtship-feeding displays. All of them share components with non-display actions, but the motivations behind them appear to be complex.The displays of the cardinal are similar in some cases to those of other richmondenine finches and to those of birds in the related subfamilies Emberizinae and Carduelinae.

Hemicentin, a conserved extracellular member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, organizes epithelial and other cell attachments into oriented line-shaped junctions

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.E. Vogel ◽  
E.M. Hedgecock
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Protein ◽  
Immunoglobulin Superfamily ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Chromosome Loss ◽  
Oriented Line ◽  
Escape Reflex ◽  
Epithelial Basement

him-4 mutations cause a novel syndrome of tissue fragility, defective cell migration and chromosome instability in Caenorhabditis elegans. Null mutants have abnormal escape reflex, mispositioning of the vas deferens and uterus, and mitotic chromosome loss and multinucleate cells in the germline. The him-4 gene product, hemicentin, is a conserved extracellular matrix protein with 48 tandem immunoglobulin repeats flanked by novel terminal domains. Secreted from skeletal muscle and gonadal leader cells, hemicentin assembles into fine tracks at specific sites, where it contracts broad regions of cell contact into oriented linear junctions. Some tracks organize hemidesmosomes in the overlying epidermis. Hemicentin tracks facilitate mechanosensory neuron anchorage to the epidermis, gliding of the developing gonad along epithelial basement membranes and germline cellularization.

Effect of previous fighting on the dynamic of agonistic encounters in zebrafish males

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1006
Author(s):  
Luciano Cavallino ◽  
Agustín Dramis ◽  
María Eugenia Pedreira ◽  
Matías Pandolfi
Keyword(s):  
Agonistic Encounters

scholarly journals A Rectifying Electrotonic Synapse in the Central Nervous System of a Vertebrate

1969 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Auerbach ◽  
M. V. L. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Giant Fiber ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Data Rectification ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
Adductor Muscles ◽  
Escape Reflex ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Coupling Resistance ◽  
Resistance Data ◽  
Good Agreement

The adductor muscles of the pectoral fins of the hatchetfish Gasteropelecus are innervated by bilateral pools of about 40 motoneurons which lie primarily in the first spinal segment. A pair of giant fibers on each side of the medulla send processes ventroposteriorly to the motoneuron pools. Electrophysiological evidence indicates that giant fibers are presynaptic to ipsilateral motoneurons, but not to contralateral ones. Transmission across the giant fiber, motoneuron synapse is electrically mediated as is indicated by direct measurement of electrotonic spread in either direction across the synapse, and by the extremely short latency of the giant fiber postsynaptic potentials (PSP's) in the motoneuron. The coupling resistance across the synapse was calculated from measurements of input and transfer resistance. The coupling resistance rectifies in such a way as to facilitate spread of depolarization from giant fiber to motoneuron, and to oppose transmission in the opposite direction. As a consequence of rectification, the giant fiber PSP in a motoneuron is augmented by hyperpolarization of the motoneuron. The coupling resistance calculated on the basis of this effect is in good agreement with calculations from input and transfer resistance data. Rectification at the electrotonic synapses may permit the motoneurons to act in small swimming movements as well as to fire synchronously in an extremely fast escape reflex mediated by Mauthner and giant fibers.

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