scholarly journals Ganglioside GD3 Is Required for Neurogenesis and Long-Term Maintenance of Neural Stem Cells in the Postnatal Mouse Brain

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (41) ◽  
pp. 13790-13800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Allison Cheng ◽  
Chandramohan Wakade ◽  
Robert K. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Ganglioside Gd3 ◽  
Term Maintenance

scholarly journals FOS Rescues Neuronal Differentiation of Sox2-Deleted Neural Stem Cells by Genome-Wide Regulation of Common SOX2 and AP1(FOS-JUN) Target Genes

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1757
Author(s):  
Miriam Pagin ◽  
Mattias Pernebrink ◽  
Mattia Pitasi ◽  
Federica Malighetti ◽  
Chew-Yee Ngan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Lentiviral Transduction ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Highly Expressed Genes ◽  
Neuronal Genes ◽  
Term Maintenance ◽  
Transcriptional Target

The transcription factor SOX2 is important for brain development and for neural stem cells (NSC) maintenance. Sox2-deleted (Sox2-del) NSC from neonatal mouse brain are lost after few passages in culture. Two highly expressed genes, Fos and Socs3, are strongly downregulated in Sox2-del NSC; we previously showed that Fos or Socs3 overexpression by lentiviral transduction fully rescues NSC’s long-term maintenance in culture. Sox2-del NSC are severely defective in neuronal production when induced to differentiate. NSC rescued by Sox2 reintroduction correctly differentiate into neurons. Similarly, Fos transduction rescues normal or even increased numbers of immature neurons expressing beta-tubulinIII, but not more differentiated markers (MAP2). Additionally, many cells with both beta-tubulinIII and GFAP expression appear, indicating that FOS stimulates the initial differentiation of a “mixed” neuronal/glial progenitor. The unexpected rescue by FOS suggested that FOS, a SOX2 transcriptional target, might act on neuronal genes, together with SOX2. CUT&RUN analysis to detect genome-wide binding of SOX2, FOS, and JUN (the AP1 complex) revealed that a high proportion of genes expressed in NSC are bound by both SOX2 and AP1. Downregulated genes in Sox2-del NSC are highly enriched in genes that are also expressed in neurons, and a high proportion of the “neuronal” genes are bound by both SOX2 and AP1.

scholarly journals Induced Neural Stem Cells Achieve Long-Term Survival and Functional Integration in the Adult Mouse Brain

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Hemmer ◽  
Mingyue Zhang ◽  
Thea van Wüllen ◽  
Marna Sakalem ◽  
Natalia Tapia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Adult Mouse Brain ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Induced Neural Stem Cells

scholarly journals RBPJ -Dependent Signaling Is Essential for Long-Term Maintenance of Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Hippocampus

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (41) ◽  
pp. 13794-13807 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ehm ◽  
C. Goritz ◽  
M. Covic ◽  
I. Schaffner ◽  
T. J. Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Hippocampus ◽  
Term Maintenance

scholarly journals IGF-1 Acts as Controlling Switch for Long-term Proliferation and Maintenance of EGF/FGF-responsive Striatal Neural Stem Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 522-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Entan Supeno ◽  
Soumya Pati ◽  
Raisah Abdul Hadi ◽  
Abdul Rahman Izani Ghani ◽  
Zulkifli Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Magnetically Targeted Ferumoxide-Labeled Human Neural Stem Cells in Focal Cerebral Ischemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miyeoun Song ◽  
Young-Ju Kim ◽  
Yoon-Ha Kim ◽  
Jina Roh ◽  
Eun-Cheol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells

scholarly journals Directed differentiation and long-term maintenance of epicardial cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells under fully defined conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1890-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Bao ◽  
Xiaojun Lian ◽  
Tongcheng Qian ◽  
Vijesh J Bhute ◽  
Tianxiao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Directed Differentiation ◽  
Epicardial Cells ◽  
Term Maintenance

scholarly journals Freshly Thawed Cryobanked Human Neural Stem Cells Engraft within Endogenous Neurogenic Niches and Restore Cognitive Function Following Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Badner ◽  
Emily K. Reinhardt ◽  
Theodore V. Nguyen ◽  
Nicole Midani ◽  
Andrew T. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

AbstractHuman neural stem cells (hNSCs) have potential as a cell therapy following traumatic brain injury (TBI). While various studies have demonstrated the efficacy of NSCs from on-going culture, there is a significant gap in our understanding of freshly thawed cells from cryobanked stocks – a more clinically-relevant source. To address these shortfalls, the therapeutic potential of our previously validated Shef-6.0 human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived hNSC line was tested following long-term cryostorage and thawing prior to transplant. Immunodeficient athymic nude rats received a moderate unilateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. At 4-weeks post-injury, 6×105 freshly thawed hNSCs were transplanted into six injection sites (2 ipsi- and 4 contra-lateral) with 53.4% of cells surviving three months post-transplant. Interestingly, most hNSCs were engrafted in the meninges and the lining of lateral ventricles, associated with high CXCR4 expression and a chemotactic response to SDF1alpha (CXCL12). While some expressed markers of neuron, astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte lineages, the majority remained progenitors, identified through doublecortin expression (78.1%). Importantly, transplantation resulted in improved spatial learning and memory in Morris water maze navigation and reduced risk-taking behavior in an elevated plus maze. Investigating potential mechanisms of action, we identified an increase in ipsilateral host hippocampus cornu ammonis (CA) neuron survival, contralateral dentate gyrus (DG) volume and DG neural progenitor morphology as well as a reduction in neuroinflammation. Together, these findings validate the potential of hNSCs to restore function after TBI and demonstrate that long-term bio-banking of cells and thawing aliquots prior to use may be suitable for clinical deployment.Significance StatementThere is no cure for chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI). While human neural stem cells (hNSCs) offer a potential treatment, no one has demonstrated efficacy of thawed hNSCs from long-term cryobanked stocks. Frozen aliquots are critical for multisite clinical trials, as this omission impacted the use of MSCs for graft versus host disease. This is the first study to demonstrate the efficacy of thawed hNSCs, while also providing support for novel mechanisms of action – linking meningeal and ventricular engraftment to reduced neuroinflammation and improved hippocampal neurogenesis. Importantly, these changes also led to clinically relevant effects on spatial learning/memory and risk-taking behavior. Together, this new understanding of hNSCs lays a foundation for future work and improved opportunities for patient care.

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