scholarly journals Altered Functional Brain Connectivity in a Non-Clinical Sample of Young Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (49) ◽  
pp. 17753-17761 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cocchi ◽  
I. E. Bramati ◽  
A. Zalesky ◽  
E. Furukawa ◽  
L. F. Fontenelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Estimating the Heritability of Structural and Functional Brain Connectivity in Families Affected by Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Sudre ◽  
Saadia Choudhuri ◽  
Eszter Szekely ◽  
Teighlor Bonner ◽  
Elanda Goduni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Brain structural and functional substrates of ADGRL3 (latrophilin 3) haplotype in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Moreno-Alcázar ◽  
Josep A. Ramos-Quiroga ◽  
Marta Ribases ◽  
Cristina Sánchez-Mora ◽  
Gloria Palomar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Risk Haplotype ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the gene encoding the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3 (ADGRL3; formerly latrophilin 3, LPHN3) is associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Conversely, no studies have investigated the anatomical or functional brain substrates of ADGRL3 risk variants. We examined here whether individuals with different ADGRL3 haplotypes, including both patients with ADHD and healthy controls, showed differences in brain anatomy and function. We recruited and genotyped adult patients with combined type ADHD and healthy controls to achieve a sample balanced for age, sex, premorbid IQ, and three ADGRL3 haplotype groups (risk, protective, and others). The final sample (n = 128) underwent structural and functional brain imaging (voxel-based morphometry and n-back working memory fMRI). We analyzed the brain structural and functional effects of ADHD, haplotypes, and their interaction, covarying for age, sex, and medication. Individuals (patients or controls) with the protective haplotype showed strong, widespread hypo-activation in the frontal cortex extending to inferior temporal and fusiform gyri. Individuals (patients or controls) with the risk haplotype also showed hypo-activation, more focused in the right temporal cortex. Patients showed parietal hyper-activation. Disorder-haplotype interactions, as well as structural findings, were not statistically significant. To sum up, both protective and risk ADGRL3 haplotypes are associated with substantial brain hypo-activation during working memory tasks, stressing this gene’s relevance in cognitive brain function. Conversely, we did not find brain effects of the interactions between adult ADHD and ADGRL3 haplotypes.

scholarly journals Risk of suicide attempts in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Lin Huang ◽  
Han-Ting Wei ◽  
Ju-Wei Hsu ◽  
Ya-Mei Bai ◽  
Tung-Ping Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

BackgroundAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increases the risk of suicidal behaviours through psychiatric comorbidities; however, a significant direct association has not been observed between ADHD and suicide attempts.AimsTo evaluate the risk of suicide attempt in adolescents and young adults with ADHD.MethodUsing a nationwide, population-based insurance claims database, this longitudinal cohort study enrolled 20 574 adolescents and young adults with ADHD and 61 722 age- and gender-matched controls between 2001 and 2009. Any suicide attempt was identified from enrolment to 31 December 2011. The association between ADHD medications and the likelihood of suicide attempt was assessed.ResultsADHD was an independent risk factor for any suicide attempt (hazard ratio = 3.84, 95% CI = 3.19–4.62) and repeated suicide attempts (hazard ratio = 6.52, 95% CI = 4.46–9.53). Subgroup analyses of men, women, adolescents and young adults demonstrated the same trend. Methylphenidate or atomoxetine treatment did not increase the risk of suicide attempt or repeated suicide attempts. Long-term methylphenidate treatment was associated with a significantly decreased risk of repeated suicide attempts in men (hazard ratio = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.22–0.97).ConclusionADHD was a risk factor for suicide attempt and a stronger predictor of repeated suicide attempts, independent of comorbidities. Further investigation is warranted to explore the mechanism underlying the association between ADHD and suicidal behaviours.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Prevalence of autism traits and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in a clinical sample of children and adolescents with chronic pain

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 2827-2836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Wiwe Lipsker ◽  
Sven Bölte ◽  
Tatja Hirvikoski ◽  
Mats Lekander ◽  
Linda Holmström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Autism Traits ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder
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