scholarly journals Was 2016 a Realigning Election in Taiwan?

Asian Survey ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1006-1028
Author(s):  
Cal Clark ◽  
Alexander C. Tan ◽  
Karl Ho
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Party System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Democratic Progressive Party ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Progressive Party

The January 2016 presidential and legislative elections in Taiwan produced a dramatic and unprecedented victory for the Democratic Progressive Party over its long-time rival, the Kuomintang. The party had never had a parliamentary majority before 2016. The elections indicated the potential for fundamental change in Taiwan’s party system. This is what political scientists call a critical realigning election. The problem with identifying these elections, such as the 1896 and 1932 ones in the United States, is that we can only be sure of such an interpretation after a significant amount of time has passed. Still, some of the changes in Taiwan are fundamental enough to make such an evaluation worthwhile. We summarize realigning elections; discuss the factors that may lead to a change in the partisan balance; and describe the growing role of protest parties and social movements in Taiwan politics.

The Arts as a Polarized Issue and the Role of Political Trust in Promoting the Arts: Evidence From the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Lim Jae Young ◽  
Woo Harin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Moderating Role

The arts in the United States, for a long time received strong support from both sides of the political aisle. However, in recent years, the arts have been transformed into a partisan issue that pits conservatives against liberals. The article points to the importance of political trust as a means of helping conservatives overcome their ideological inclinations and support the arts. Scholars argue that political trust influences more strongly individuals who perceive a given policy to be one that imposes ideological risks for them compared with those without such risks. Focusing on the moderating role of political trust, the article examines whether political trust can help alleviate the conservatives’ hostility to the arts. Relying on the 2016 General Social Survey, the article finds that conservatives have no direct relationship with arts spending, but they will be more likely to support arts spending when this is contingent upon political trust.

Religion and Progressive Activism—Introducing and Mapping the Field

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Nicholas Fuist ◽  
Ruth Braunstein ◽  
Rhys H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Theories Of Religion ◽  
Religious Activism ◽  
Progressive Religion

This chapter introduces readers to the often-overlooked field of progressive religious activism in the United States, and maps its contours. First, it traces the history and continued relevance of progressive religious activism in American political life. Second, it argues that progressive religion should not be conceptualized as a category of social actors, but rather as a field of action defined by participants’ commitment to progressive action, progressive values, progressive identities, and/or progressive theology, as well as through participants’ efforts to distinguish themselves from the activities of religious conservatives and/or secular progressives. Finally, it assesses the varied ways that attention to progressive religion challenges common political binaries (like Right/Left and progress/tradition), and prompts a reconsideration of long accepted theories of religion and social movements as well as the role of faith in democratic politics and civic life.

The Institutions of Reflexivity

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Rosanvallon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
German Federal Republic ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Constitutional Thought

This chapter turns to the increasingly active role of constitutional courts. These courts have established themselves—not without reservations and challenges—as an essential vector of the push for greater reflexivity. For a long time the United States, India, and the German Federal Republic stood out as exceptions because of their traditional emphasis on judicial review. Now, however, constitutional courts of one sort or another are at the heart of democratic government everywhere. Indeed, some scholars go so far as to discern a veritable “resurrection” of constitutional thought. It is noteworthy that these new constitutional courts on the whole receive strong support from the public, as numerous comparative surveys have shown, and they count among the most legitimate of democratic institutions.

scholarly journals Black Lives Matter for Whites’ Racial Prejudice: Assessing the Role of Social Movements in Shaping Racial Attitudes in the United States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumyajit Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Attitude Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Identification Strategy

Black Lives Matter (BLM) is one of the most prominent contemporary social movements in the United States. Whether the BLM movement has led to racial attitude liberalization remains an open question. I evaluate this question using data on over 140,000 survey respondents combined with locational data on BLM protests in 2014 following the police killing of Michael Brown and Eric Garner. Results from a difference-in-differences identification strategy provide evidence indicating that the BLM movement was successful in reducing whites’ racial prejudice. I find that these effects follow an age gradient where young whites are liberalized by protests while older whites are not. Results from this study indicate that protests can be successful drivers of attitude change.

scholarly journals The Role of Reunified Germany in Poland’s Accession to NATO and the European Union

Politeja ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6(75)) ◽  
pp. 51-74
Author(s):  
Józef Fiszer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Eu

The study is devoted to Poland’s accession to NATO and the European Union (EU) and describes Germany’s stance on Poland’s Euro-Atlantic aspirations after 1989, which, despite various assessments, was not explicit and enthusiastic. However, it evolved gradually and was determined by a difficult internal situation after the reunification of Germany and its new geopolitics and geoeconomics. For Germany that reunified on 3 October 1990, an issue of greater importance than Polish accession to NATO and the EU was the presence of Soviet troops on the territory of the former GDR and normalization of relations with neighbors, particularly with France, Poland, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Both France and the United Kingdom, as well as the Soviet Union, and to a lesser extent, the United States initially were afraid of a reunified Germany and opposed Polish membership in Euro-Atlantic structures. At the time, hopes and fears were rife about the future of Europe. A common question was being asked in Paris, London, Moscow, Washington, and Warsaw – would reunified Germany remain a European state, or would Europe become German? Should Germany stay in NATO or leave after the reunification? There were questions also about Moscow’s policy towards reunified Germany and its position on Poland’s accession to Euro-Atlantic structures. Unfortunately, for a long time, it was negative. Today, thirty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany, we can see that the black scenarios that were outlined in 1989-1990 did not actually come true. Despite the fears, those events opened the way for Poland to “return to Europe” and to gain membership in Euro-Atlantic structures, i.e., NATO and the European Union (EU). The path was not at all simple and it was not easy for Poland to make it through. In the study the author analyses subjective and objective difficulties related to Poland's accession to NATO and the EU and describes the evolution and role of Germany in this process.

The Role of the Judge in Advancing Human Rights - Knight Errant or Slot Machine Automation?

1988 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Justice Michael Kirby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights

AbstractIn this paper, the author deals with the "role" of judges in "advancing" human rights. He cautions that the needs of different countries will vary. He starts with a reference to the recent failure of Judge Robert Bork to secure confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States. Bork had been a long time proponent of judicial restraint in the interpretation of the Bill of Rights, urging that protection of human rights should normally be left to the democratically accountable branches of government - the executive and the legislature. After reviewing the theoretical and practical arguments for and against judicial restraint, the author states his own conclusions. These are that, especially where there is a constitutional charter of rights and particularly in common law countries, judges have an inescapable function in developing the law. Their decisions necessarily advance their view of human rights. In human rights cases, they may nowadays receive assistance from international statements of human rights and the jurisprudence developing around such statements. The author appeals for an international approach but acknowledges that this will be difficult for lawyers, traditionally jurisdiction bound. But he warns that there are limits to the activism of the judiciary in controversial human rights cases. Judges themselves do well to recognise these limits both for their legitimacy and their effectiveness. An important modern challenge to the judiciary is that of resolving this dilemma between the pressures for restraint and the urgency of action.

Taiwan as a Catalyst for a Sino-American Conflict

2016 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
John F COPPER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Democratic Progressive Party ◽  
Progressive Party

Taiwan has long been a source of conflict between China and the United States. It has just held a critical election, won by the Democratic Progressive Party that stands for Taiwan’s independence. China is undergoing profound changes in its economy and politics. The United States is seriously at odds with China on a number of issues. All of this adds up to a China-US confrontation or worse.

Music and Institutional Advertising

2021 ◽  
pp. 351-370
Author(s):  
Rika Asai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
The United States ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Advertising Agencies ◽  
Advertising Agency ◽  
Long Time

This chapter explores music and advertising in the United States during the golden age of radio using the 1946–1947 season of Echoes of New York as a case study. As a radio-variety program sponsored by New York electric utility Consolidated Edison, Echoes is an example of institutional advertising, a form of advertising designed to shape public perception of the company, rather than to sell specific products. The company entrusted the important task to its long-time advertising agency, McCann-Erickson. Drawing on scripts, scores, memos, and financial documentation, this chapter considers broadcast entertainment’s creation and perpetuation of formulaic construction in program format as well as the gradual streamlining of McCann-Erickson’s musical activities in a typical work week. The chapter highlights the role of Con Edison’s all-male company chorus, the Edisoneers, as a physical and aural representation of the message Echoes sought to impart. In focusing on the work of producing music for institutional advertising, this chapter contributes to studies that have illuminated the foundational position of advertising agencies in driving the form and content of programming during the radio era.

Taiwan election portends lasting anti-China turn

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Democratic Progressive Party ◽  
Parliamentary Election ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Progressive Party ◽  
High Skill

Significance Tsai received the highest number of votes ever cast in a Taiwanese presidential election. Her party, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), retained its majority in a parliamentary election the same day. Impacts Tsai has a renewed mandate to introduce economic reforms aimed at raising wages and creating jobs, especially in high-skill industries. The United States and Japan will be high foreign policy priorities for Tsai; Washington in particular will reciprocate. Elevated China-US rivalry will ensure that Taiwan will enjoy bipartisan support, and the support of the next US president.

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