Hop-Picking Time

Hoptopia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Kopp
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
The West ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Because of the West’s scarce labor situation, hop growers early on recognized the need to hire workers from all walks of life, including men and women, old and young, and across racial and ethnic lines. From the beginning, the three-week hop harvest was a multicultural affair that revealed the diversity of the West. The first half of this chapter explains the English origins of the American harvest season, including the actual demands and the festiveness of the harvest that many called a paid vacation. The second half of the chapter explains the opportunities and challenges that American Indian and East Asian agricultural workers faced while working in the Pacific Northwest hopyards during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Complicating prevelar raising in the West

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Lewis Esposito ◽  
Emily Lake
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
The West ◽  
The Pacific

Prevelar raising and fronting has been documented as a “defining feature” of Pacific Northwest English yet its status nearby in California remains unclear. This paper investigates prevelar raising/fronting across four Californian field sites. Examining wordlist data from 276 white speakers, and sociolinguistic interview data from 64 white speakers, the current study shows that - contrary to previous assumptions - prevelar conditioning is not confined to the Pacific Northwest, but extensive throughout California. Results suggest that, in line with previous work in Washington and Oregon, this prevelar pattern is also on the decline among younger Californians, although the trajectory of change appears to differ from that observed in Washington (e.g. Riebold 2015). This paper complicates the notion of prevelar tensing, showing that F1 and F2 are not always operating in tandem: speakers who raise BAG, for example, do not always front BAG to the same degree, and vice versa. As this is yet more evidence that the West is broadly participating in similar vocalic patterns, this study tentatively explores historical migration events as one possible source for the contemporary Western vowel system.

scholarly journals The Concept of Place in the American West

Linguaculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Irina Chirica
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
American West ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
New Historicism ◽  
The West ◽  
John Ford ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Louisiana Purchase ◽  
Cultural Concept

This paper surveys the most significant ways in which the American West has been viewed as a place and region. Starting with Thomas Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase of 1803, we follow the expansion of the West as a region throughout American history. Jefferson worked out a plan which involved the creation of territories which later became states, following a certain procedure. Inside the larger West, there are many Wests: the prairie states of the Midwest (also called the “Bread Basket” of America), the Rocky Mountain states, the Pacific Northwest, the Southwest and California. We analyze the myths and images associated with the west in American culture, and the influence of Frederick Jackson Turner’s essay dedicated to “the Frontier”. We discuss the New Historicism approach and the way in which it criticizes Tuner. Then we discuss the reflection of the West in the visual arts (the major landscape painters and in the work of the western movie director John Ford). We bring arguments to support the idea that the West is a construct of human experience and a cultural concept, more than a “place”.

Bag Across the Border

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Thomas Swan
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
The West ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Motivations ◽  
Social Distribution ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Changing Demographics

Prior research documents /æ/ raising and tensing when followed by /g/ in words like bag in the Pacific Northwest, particularly in Seattle. The present study compares /æg/ raising among speakers from Seattle, Washington, and Vancouver, British Columbia, and explores the social motivations for its use. The findings show that while the feature occurs in both cities, its social distribution is not identical. Different age and gender distributions and varying metalinguistic commentary raise questions about the trajectory of change in each city. Nonetheless, speakers’ realizations of raised bag are associated with similar sociocultural backgrounds and ideologies. In Seattle, bag raisers have multigenerational ties to the area, take strong ideological stances against changes in the area’s industries and economy, and oppose “gentrification.” Nonraisers have more international ties, show stronger interest in moving elsewhere, and embrace Seattle’s new industries. In Vancouver, BAG raisers describe growing up as Caucasian Canadians in majority Asian neighborhoods and emphasize the changing demographics and increased cost of living. In both cities, bag raisers are ideologically opposed to perceived encroachment and take conservative stances toward changes in their city. This highlights that the West and Canada participate in some of the same sound changes and show similar, locally contextualized motivations for their use.

scholarly journals Gynecologic cancer incidence and mortality among American Indian/Alaska Native women in the Pacific Northwest, 1996–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda S. Bruegl ◽  
Sujata Joshi ◽  
Samantha Batman ◽  
Mercedes Weisenberger ◽  
Elizabeth Munro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Native Women ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Ziadeh, May (1886–1941)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayan Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Literary Figure ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Modern Arabic

May Ziadeh was a prominent literary figure and salonnière in the Arab world in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. A journalist, essayist, author and literary critic, she was also known for being a spellbinding orator and an unusually gifted stylist and translator. Ziadeh was best known for instituting a long running weekly salon (1911–1931) in her home that brought together leading men and women in the period when Egyptian anti-colonial nationalism was at its height. Ziadeh was also a strong advocate of the emancipation of women in the Arab society. Famous for being moderate, Ziadeh did not equate modernity with the denial of Arabic cultural heritage in blind imitation of the West. Many critics believe that modern Arabic literature has not produced a female writer of Ziadeh’s calibre and that her contribution to the feminist cause cannot be overlooked.

Hydrographic Charting and Oceanography on the West Coast of Canada from the Eighteenth Century to the Present Day

1972 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Robert W. Sandilands
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
The West ◽  
Special Place ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Formative Years

Those participating in this Congress are aware of the leadership of Rear-Admiral George Henry Richards in mounting the Challenger Expedition, which he himself regarded as the crowning achievement of his career. However, he also has a very special place in the history and development of British Columbia and it can fairly be said that his work in the Pacific Northwest was the major achievement of his sea-going career. His service on the coast covered the short period 1857 to 1863, but these were formative years in the development of the west coast colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia.

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