The Practical Christ: An Analysis of Christ as Expressed in John Milton's Paradise Regained

<p><b>The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the unique relationship between scripture and poetry.</b></p> <p>This analysis is primarily conducted through an investigation into the figure of Christ as heappears in poetry outside of scripture, specifically in John Milton’s Paradise Regained. Thepoem is distinctive in its treatment and characterisation of Christ and therefore acts as a uniquecase study with which to study this relationship between scripture and poetry. The mainargument of this thesis revolves around how Milton constructs Christ as a literary character atthe centre of his chosen narrative. The first chapter discusses the Gospels and the scripturalsources that Milton elects to use for his poem. Having analysed the scriptural material and howMilton has chosen to adapt it, the second chapter develops this by investigating the charges ofheresy that have been made against the poem. It is also in this chapter where Milton’s personaltheology is analysed to provide greater understanding of how this theology is expressed withinParadise Regained. The final chapter focuses on the form and genre of the poem,demonstrating that the way in which Milton constructs Christ as a literary figure highlights theintricacies which poets are faced with when it comes to creating a poetic vision of Christ, thusultimately asking: How does the poet reconcile the elements of scripture that cannot be ignoredwith their own artistic liberty? This thesis proposes that Milton is conscious of this conundrumand constructs his poem in such a way where this exact question is baked into the conflictbetween Christ and Satan. Paradise Regained is a poem that is concerned with scripture as acollective social and historical narrative and characterises Christ as a historian of this collectivenarrative. This is done, so as to best articulate the ways in which poetry can be utilised tocomment and build upon how the reader may integrate scripture into their own lives and socialnarratives.</p>

The Practical Christ: An Analysis of Christ as Expressed in John Milton's Paradise Regained

<p><b>The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the unique relationship between scripture and poetry.</b></p> <p>This analysis is primarily conducted through an investigation into the figure of Christ as heappears in poetry outside of scripture, specifically in John Milton’s Paradise Regained. Thepoem is distinctive in its treatment and characterisation of Christ and therefore acts as a uniquecase study with which to study this relationship between scripture and poetry. The mainargument of this thesis revolves around how Milton constructs Christ as a literary character atthe centre of his chosen narrative. The first chapter discusses the Gospels and the scripturalsources that Milton elects to use for his poem. Having analysed the scriptural material and howMilton has chosen to adapt it, the second chapter develops this by investigating the charges ofheresy that have been made against the poem. It is also in this chapter where Milton’s personaltheology is analysed to provide greater understanding of how this theology is expressed withinParadise Regained. The final chapter focuses on the form and genre of the poem,demonstrating that the way in which Milton constructs Christ as a literary figure highlights theintricacies which poets are faced with when it comes to creating a poetic vision of Christ, thusultimately asking: How does the poet reconcile the elements of scripture that cannot be ignoredwith their own artistic liberty? This thesis proposes that Milton is conscious of this conundrumand constructs his poem in such a way where this exact question is baked into the conflictbetween Christ and Satan. Paradise Regained is a poem that is concerned with scripture as acollective social and historical narrative and characterises Christ as a historian of this collectivenarrative. This is done, so as to best articulate the ways in which poetry can be utilised tocomment and build upon how the reader may integrate scripture into their own lives and socialnarratives.</p>

The Practical Christ: An Analysis of Christ as Expressed in John Milton's Paradise Regained

<p><b>The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the unique relationship between scripture and poetry.</b></p> <p>This analysis is primarily conducted through an investigation into the figure of Christ as heappears in poetry outside of scripture, specifically in John Milton’s Paradise Regained. Thepoem is distinctive in its treatment and characterisation of Christ and therefore acts as a uniquecase study with which to study this relationship between scripture and poetry. The mainargument of this thesis revolves around how Milton constructs Christ as a literary character atthe centre of his chosen narrative. The first chapter discusses the Gospels and the scripturalsources that Milton elects to use for his poem. Having analysed the scriptural material and howMilton has chosen to adapt it, the second chapter develops this by investigating the charges ofheresy that have been made against the poem. It is also in this chapter where Milton’s personaltheology is analysed to provide greater understanding of how this theology is expressed withinParadise Regained. The final chapter focuses on the form and genre of the poem,demonstrating that the way in which Milton constructs Christ as a literary figure highlights theintricacies which poets are faced with when it comes to creating a poetic vision of Christ, thusultimately asking: How does the poet reconcile the elements of scripture that cannot be ignoredwith their own artistic liberty? This thesis proposes that Milton is conscious of this conundrumand constructs his poem in such a way where this exact question is baked into the conflictbetween Christ and Satan. Paradise Regained is a poem that is concerned with scripture as acollective social and historical narrative and characterises Christ as a historian of this collectivenarrative. This is done, so as to best articulate the ways in which poetry can be utilised tocomment and build upon how the reader may integrate scripture into their own lives and socialnarratives.</p>

The manifestations of secularism in the Arabic literature of the Jahiliyyah period: A study prioritizing the views of Gus Bin Zaydah

Jahillayath means ignorance. The Arabic word Jahiliyyah refers to the zealous culture and civilized society in the Islamic case. It is against Islam. The Jahiliyya community is a brutal society with human characteristics cut off. Gus bin Zaydah was a literary figure who lived in the so-called Jahiliyya social period. It can be observed that Islamic thought is often exaggerated in his poetry and prose literature. Much of his literature, prose and poetry, speaks of the triviality of worldly life and the permanence of the afterlife. Death is expressed in many of his speeches and poems. This is in stark contrast to pagan literature. Therefore, this study seeks to introduce Jahiliyyah and express the uniqueness of Arabic literature and to reveal the secular expressions of thought in the literary aspects of the Jahiliyya period writer Gus bin Zaydah. For this purpose descriptive and analytical methods were used and studied.

a declaration on friendly relations

This chapter reconstructs, in a descriptive and aspirational mode, lawful friendship through an encounter between the literary figure of ‘the friend’ and an international law of friendly and unfriendly relations. It begins with a gesture of elegiac friendship before locating friendship in an international law of enemies, criminals, pirates and neutrals. It finishes by elaborating a politics of international legal friendship and makes a plea for a tentative, careful friendliness suggested by friendships found in Montaigne, Nietzsche and Derrida, and in three moments of friendship set in the Cold War: one literary (the depiction of friendship in John Adams’ opera, Nixon in China), one an unlikely performance of anti-imperial friendly relations (the friendship between Nehru and Tito, begun in Belgrade) and one epistolary (a letter sent by Nikita Khrushchev to Fidel Castro in the aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis). Each represents in its rudimentary way a ‘lawful friendship’, a declaration on friendly relations.

Contribution of Alexey Suvorin and His Newspaper Novoye Vremya into Russian Culture of the Second Half of 19th – Early 20th Century’

Novoye Vremya (The New Time) newspaper was considered as the leading daily periodical of the pre-revolutionary Russia. In 1876, Aleksey Suvorin, an outstanding Russian publisher and literary figure, became its owner and chief editor. He turned the newspaper into a source of information, which seriously influenced the public opinion in Russia. Novoye Vremya provoked constant interest among readers of all social levels. It was popular both among high-ranking government officials and people without any ranks, conservatives and liberals, people with higher education and those who did not even graduate a gymnasium. Newspaper stories were apprehensible not only for educated people but for any common person. Young and old, men and women liked Novoye Vremya. It had never forced its opinion and suggested the readers to make personal judgement through its reports. Suvorin managed to form the audience that valued the newspaper and believed in it. Not only Novoye Vremya stood out for its excellent materials on politics, economy, and non-fiction. In its reviews the newspaper gave a fair evaluation of the Russian authors’ works. Moreover, it became famous with the literary works of the top writers, the classics of Russian literature. Therefore, it is not by accident that the author of this article pays special attention to the cooperation between Novoye Vremya and the most known Russian writers of the second half of the 19th century and early 20th century. Thanks to Suvorin, the talent of Anton Chekhov, who started publishing his works in the newspaper under a different name, opened up. Novoye Vremya published the stories which were later included into his collection In the Twilight. Here he also published his famous novella The Duel. Despite the fact that Novoye Vremya was considered to be a newspaper rather than a literary magazine, it worked together with such writers as Leo Tolstoy, Nikolay Nekrasov, Nikolay Leskov, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, for whom the newspaper was not only a serious periodical but also a source of education and knowledge. In Soviet times the directive was to forget about Suvorin. And when they did remember, they certainly wrote about him as a reactionary, chauvinist, notorious monarchist. And if another major pre-revolutionary publisher I.D. Sytin was recognized by the Soviet government, although he lost his printing house and real estate, then Suvorin was in disgrace.

Existentialism in Anita Nair’s Ladies Coupe

This paper is an attempt to explore the fragrance of existentialism in Anita Nair’s Ladies Coupe. She was born on 26th Jan., 1966. She has penned down three very famous novels; The Better Man (1999), Ladies Coupe (2001) and Mistress (2005). She happens to be a multi-talented literary figure, holding her authority not only in the field of fiction but also that of poetry. She is better known as a competent modern woman-novelist in the realm of Indian English literature of the modern age. Currently she lives in Bangalore. Ladies Coupe is basically a novel of the “feminine sensibility” but it remains unsuited to the category of the female-writing that represented women as “battered, bartered and abandoned” on the shoals of low self-worth. It rides triumphantly against the tide giving us a glimpse of the innate strength that a woman has to rebuild up her life. This is why Nair has called her novel a story revealing about “ordinary women with indomitable spirit”. Unlike her first novel – ‘The Better Man’, having a male protagonist, Nair’s ‘Ladies Coupe’, rotates around the 45 year old bachelor Akhila or Akhilendeswari, being a pen pusher in the Income Tax Department. She has gone fed up with the lone provider in her family. One day, she happens to get a ticket booked for Kanyakumari to explore certain answers for herself, mainly to the question if a woman is able to make her survival alone, being away from her family. There are five other women accompanying her for the overnight journey. They are Janaki, married with Margaret, a forty year old young Chemistry-teacher, Prabha Devi, very close to Akhila’s age, the fifteen year old Sheela and Mariakonthu, a woman who is obviously different from the rest of them. All these women connect their life-stories to Akhila, helping the latter to gain her full potential woman and struggle with the response to the questions she has been searching out so long. Thus this paper analyses the search-operation of Akhila as she arrives by degrees as to how she should live her life freely and maintain her own identity in this patriarchal society. Anita Nair has paid emphasis on the fact that it is not the response to the question which has been alluding Akhila so long, but the search for exploring it which is more pleasant to the protagonist. The central character Akhila’s responsibility has been considerably exposed. She has found the potential to come out more afresh from the prison-house of her old-self as symbolized by the stiffness of the cotton saris she always used to put on while working. She can at least switch back to her previous life where perhaps nothing could have changed on the surface but on a mental plane a sure process of development has occurred.

Ivan Turgenev als Netzwerker: Digitale Kuratierung seiner europäischen, insbesondere deutschen literarischen Kontakte (am Beispiel seines Briefwechsels vom Juni 1868 bis Mai 1869)

The Russian writer Ivan Sergeevič Turgenev (1818–83), who lived in Western Europe (Germany, England, and France) during the second half of his life, is considered the most important mediator between Russia and Europe in the nineteenth century due to his wide and intensive contacts in East and West. The paper aims to trace Turgenev’s literary and cultural contacts using the epistemological model of the net and current methods of analyzing social networks on a quantitative and qualitative level. In concrete terms, Turgenev’s postal relations from a single year (from June 1868 to May 1869) are presented and evaluated in tabular form and as GEPHI graphs. Beyond the purely quantitative network visualization and viewing, the attempt is made to provide a cultural weighting of the exchange, especially of Turgenev’s German contacts. The network-specific weighting of these contacts results in a different emphasis than usual in Turgenev research, which focuses on Turgenev’s contacts with important German writers. The qualitative analysis carried out on the basis of the visualization shows that Turgenev’s contacts with literary celebrities such as Theodor Storm, Berthold Auerbach, and Paul Heyse proved to be weak ties. In contrast, his relationship with the little-known literary figure Ludwig Pietsch deserves to be called a strong tie. Turgenev’s position and agency in the network can be described with Burt as a “broker” attitude.

MALE HEGEMONY IN THE PLAYS OF VIJAY TENDULKAR

In the sphere of drama, the name of Vijay Tendulkar does not require any introduction. In the galaxy of Indo-Anglo playwrights, Tendulkar is one of the most shining stars. Marathi Theatre is incomplete without the contribution made by Vijay Tendulkar. This Marathi literary figure is a multifaceted personality. He is the one who brought revolution in Marathi Theatre. An avant-garde playwright, Tendulkar has shown versatility by writing several works including one-act plays, children’s plays, short stories, essay collections etc. Vijay Tendulkar is the mouthpiece of the oppressed women in male dominant society. He has deep insight into human nature. He has proved in his plays that it is the male dominant society that does not allow woman to rise from the status of man’s foot. They are exploited, tortured, taunted both physically and emotionally. They are considered inferior to male human beings as male human beings are victims of their superiority complex. Even in some of the societies they are treated as bane while the male child is hailed as boon. His plays depict that women are treated as mere commodities. He has shown how the voice of women is suppressed when they try to voice their concerns against the cruelties. He makes a psychological study of human characters in his plays. An analytical approach to his plays reveals that women are deprived of the life they wish to live. The present research paper focuses on his four plays, to bring to light the enslaved and exploited position of women in society. In ‘Sakharam Binder’ and ‘Kamala’ he brings to light how women are enslaved and exploited. In ‘Silence! The Court is in Session’ and ‘Kanaydaan’ he ascertains the fact that it is male human being who is responsible for the exploitation of women.

http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/225

Hafiz Ibn Hajar Al- Asqalani (1372- 1449) is one of the most prominent literary figure, writer and Islamic scholar of fourteenth century in Muslim world. Fath al Bari is the most celebrated Hadith commentary on Sahi bukhari written by him. It is reported that it took almost twenty five years to complete this book. This book has been declared the most magnificent achievement of exegetical discourse. It is a comprehensive book for the sciences of the Arabic language. In addition to its explanation of the noble hadiths, it includes jurisprudence, grammar, morphology, rhetoric and it contains sermons, proverbs and various methods of communication. The conciseness and the expatiation are the two most important elements of this book. So this article studies both; the evidence of conciseness and expatiation style of Ibn e Hajr. The purpose of this research is to analyze and highlight the evidence of these two rhetoric devices in his writing style. The method used in this research is descriptive, analytical and qualitative. . At the end of the study, the researchers have drawn various conclusions.