Commentary

2018 ◽  
pp. 89-106
Author(s):  
Florence E. Babb
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
Women's Movements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market Women ◽  
Global North ◽  
The One ◽  
Good Number

By the 1980s in Latin America, as elsewhere, there were emergent women’s movements and popular feminisms on the one hand and self-identified, often middle-class, feminists of various political stripes on the other. Frameworks of analysis that had already emerged were further refined, among them a good number that embraced Western dualisms such as private/public, traditional/modern, informal/formal, and production/reproduction—all of which influenced Babb’s thinking and that of many others in both the global North and the global South as a result of the geopolitics of knowledge and its circulation. During this period, there was increased attention to race and ethnicity, as well as to gender as a social relation rather than a fixed category. In her commentary, the author traces some of these currents in feminist thought and politics during that period as a backdrop for discussion of her work presented here from that time. The chapters that follow in this section were based on research on Andean market women of Huaraz, Peru.

scholarly journals Exporting Francoist Modernity

2019 ◽  
pp. 114-135
Author(s):  
David Brydan
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Latin American ◽  
International Health ◽  
American Identity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
Collaborative Model ◽  
The One

Social experts played an important but contested role in Francoist attempts to establish Spain as an influential power in Latin America during the 1940s and 1950s. By encouraging Spanish experts to form ties with their Latin American colleagues, the Franco regime aimed to promote an image of itself as modern, scientific, and technically advanced on the one hand, and as socially progressive on the other. Despite the significant resources dedicated to this task, the Francoist narrative was strongly resisted both by Latin American leftists and by exiled Republican social experts who promoted a more collaborative model of Ibero-American identity. Nevertheless, Latin America did offer a route through which Francoist experts were able to engage with wider forms of international health and welfare. In areas such as social security, it also provided an opportunity for the regime to promote its vision of Francoist modernity to the outside world.

The Law’s Betrayal

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Willford ◽  
S. Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Indian Community ◽  
Legal Decisions ◽  
Cultural Displacement ◽  
The One ◽  
Deep Sense

This chapter focuses on the professionals of the Tamil population. A cultural displacement, as experienced by the Indian middle class, has produced its own narrative that was subsequently hijacked by Malay “extremists.” This sense of betrayal among the Indian middle class is important because their narrative of victimization takes cohesive ideological shape in a form that disseminates to the working class through the work of activists, politicians, writers, NGOs, and lawyers. Through this, one sees an important class dialectic within the Indian community that is divisive, as well as signs that recent legal decisions and events have exacerbated a sense of insecurity. Ultimately, a deep sense of political betrayal within this elite class is producing nostalgia for a nonracialized Malaysia on the one hand, and a consolidation of Indianness on the other.

The Politics of Inter-American Energy Relations: Prospects and Pitfalls

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpad Von Lazar ◽  
Michele McNabb
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The One ◽  
Energy Relations

Latin American societies and economies are. in a world of change and transition. The past decade, from 1973 to the present, has been for them an era of anxiety on the one hand and of opportunity on the other, a paradoxical era in which prospects for development had to compete with the high social costs of stagnation in many instances.Energy was the catchword, and the name of energy was oil. Its price, its availability, and its promise (a road to riches for those fortunate enough to possess it, a threat of increasing poverty for those unfortunate enough to have to buy it) brought turmoil to the economies, and the bodies politic, of Latin America.

Ritual Elements in the New Comedy

1943 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Murray
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Old Comedy ◽  
Colloquial Language ◽  
Art Form ◽  
The One ◽  
New Comedy

The New Comedy as an art form is descended both from the Old Comedy and from fifth-century Tragedy. It is a middle style of the sort that Diderot called le genre sérieux. On the one side it made an expurgation of the Old Comedy by dropping the gross elements of the primitive ritual ⋯ϕέσεωςκ⋯μος which still survived in Aristophanes, the phallic dress, the ϒεϕυρɩομός in language, and the reckless personal satire, while it kept and emphasized the final Gamos, or union of lovers, and developed a more elaborate plot. On the other side it reformed Tragedy by getting rid of the supernatural stories and the stiff conventions. To quote some words of my own written in 1912, it ‘introduced all the simplifications and improvements which seem to a modern’—I meant a modern philistine—‘so obviously desirable. It developed an easy colloquial language, a flexible and unexacting metre. It left the Chorus quite outside the play, a kind of entr'acte, not worth writing down. It frankly abandoned religious ritual’—please observe that statement, which I now wish to correct—‘and heroic saga. It drew its material from the adventures and emotions of contemporary middle class life, and boldly invented its own plots.’ Menander in particular was considered in antiquity to have held a mirror up to life; a verse by Aristophanes of Byzantium asks.

The Relevance of Latin America to the Foreign Policy of Commonwealth Caribbean States

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Preiswerk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The One

For the leaders and people of every new state of Asia, Africa and the Caribbean, independence has brought about a dramatic awakening with respect to the conceptualization of their position in world affairs. The loosening of ties with the metropolis, which had been the primary aim of the struggle for independence, suddenly appears in a double perspective. On the one hand, it contains the threat of distintegration of the established social and economic order and, on the other hand, it opens prospects for new bonds and opportunities. After decades or centuries of predominantly bilateral relationships between colony and metropolis, historical links are confronted with the pressures resulting from geographic proximity .The diversification of foreign contacts is a phenomenon of the very recent past. The leaders and inhabitants of Ghana and the Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Niger, Trinidad and Venezuela, or Guyana and Brazil are only now realizing the full impact of their relationship as neighbours.

Africa — Latin America — Asia and Pacific — Middle East

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (251) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Assistance Programme ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Voluntary Agencies

In January and February, the ICRC reduced, as planned, the level of its relief activities in Ethiopia. This reduction was made possible, on the one hand, by an increase in food supplies for the population in the northern provinces of that country affected by conflict and drought and, on the other, by more intensive activity on the part of other voluntary agencies in the area. While leaving in place the structures which would enable it rapidly to set up a large-scale assistance programme if the need were to appear in a given region, the ICRC has lowered the volume of its general relief distributions. In December 1985, 10,700 tonnes were distributed to 830,000 persons. This was reduced to 5,000 tonnes for 424,300 persons in January, and further to 2,800 tonnes for 181,000 persons in February in the provinces of Eritrea, Tigray, Wollo, Gondar and Hararge. The last three therapeutic feeding centres were closed on 16 January (Wukro), and on 16 and 27 February (Idaga Hamus and Adwa). However, ICRC medical teams continued to monitor the health of the populations living in provinces which were receiving assistance, concentrating their activities on groups of displaced persons in Eritrea (in the region between Keren and Barentu), Tigray (in the region between Aksum and Adwa and the region of Mehony), Wollo (in the region of Sekota) and Hararge (Wobera Woreda; Habro Woreda), all areas with major security problems.

scholarly journals Kebangkitan Tarekat Kota

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Ahmad Amir Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Class Group ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Internal Dynamic ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
External Influences ◽  
The One

This article tries to analyze the revival of mystical order (<em>tarekat</em>) in urban areas. Experiences reveal that the development of mystical orders in the Muslim world is not free from criticism, either from the insiders or the outsiders. However, mystical orders still exist, and this fact is characterized by the development of different mystical groups in various cities. Political, social and economic factors influence the fluctuation of mystical orders. This article argues that in a number of countries and in Indonesia, the mystical orders have contributed significantly to the socio-religious life of Muslims. The mystical orders become stronger as they are supported by the involvement of middle class group, media publication, and internal strength embedded in the very tradition of mystical orders. The influx of middle class Muslims to the networks of tarekat brings the fresh wind of change since their engagement provides the internal dynamic of <em>tarekat</em> which encounters external influences on the one hand, and the continuing drive to develop on the other.

scholarly journals Emphasis, Manner, and Voice in Urban Jordanian Arabic: Linguistic and Extralinguistic Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Jordanian Arabic ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Minimal Pairs ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The present paper examines the impact of extra-linguistic variables (gender and social class) on the linguistic interaction between emphasis and manner, on the one hand, and voice, on the other hand, in Urban Jordanian Arabic. To achieve this goal, 40 participants produced 12 monosyllabic CVC minimal pairs with the target consonant (plain or emphatic) occurring word-initially. Measurements taken were F1, F2, and F3 at vowel onset and midpoint positions. Acoustically, it was found that emphasis was stronger following a stop than following a fricative, and it is more pronounced following a voiced consonant than following a voiceless one. However, the extra-linguistic factors did not have a strong bearing on these linguistic interactions. In general, the interaction between emphasis and manner or voice was not influenced by gender or social class. An exception to this finding was the overlap between emphasis and manner at F1 onset, where the interplay of both gender and social class affected the linguistic interaction. In particular, upper-class males produced stronger emphasis following stops than following fricatives, whereas lower-middle class males produced stronger emphasis following a fricative than following a stop.

scholarly journals Language politics in Nepal: a socio-historical overview

2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhim Lal Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Language Politics ◽  
Contact Shift ◽  
Global North ◽  
The One

Abstract This paper aims to outline the language politics in Nepal by focusing on the influences and expansions shifted from Global North to the Global South. Based on a small-scale case study of interviews and various political movements and legislative documents, this paper discusses linguistic diversity and multilingualism, globalization, and their impacts on Nepal’s linguistic landscapes. It finds that the language politics in Nepal has been shifted and changed throughout history because of different governmental and political changes. Different ideas have been emerged because of globalization and neoliberal impacts which are responsible for language contact, shift, and change in Nepalese society. It concludes that the diversified politics and multilingualism in Nepal have been functioning as a double-edged sword which on the one hand promotes and preserves linguistic and cultural diversity, and on the other hand squeeze the size of diversity by vitalizing the Nepali and English languages through contact and globalization.

scholarly journals Reification and immaterial production

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 676-702
Author(s):  
Dimitris Gakis
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Symbolic Language ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Commodity Fetishism ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hardt And Negri ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

Reification, a central theme in radical social/political theory from the 1920s onward, has started falling out of fashion since the 1970s, a period when a number of crucial alterations in the composition of capital and labour start taking place, for example, the tendential hegemony of immaterial/biopolitical labour. The main goal of this article is to discuss reification in light of contemporary changes in the shape of capitalism such as the above. After discussing the relation between reification, alienation and commodity fetishism, I highlight, largely following Hardt and Negri, how reification under the hegemony of immaterial/biopolitical production is, on the one hand, intensified and, on the other hand, (potentially) easier to diagnose, diminish or overcome, due to the increasing emergence of the common as a social relation antagonistic to capital. The article concludes with a note on Wittgenstein and the critique of reification of the symbolic (language) and the ‘inner’ (affects) as the new extended terrain of struggle.

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