Estudio de la audiencia social en Twitter de los formatos de politainment en España. El caso de ‘El Intermedio’

This research delves into the television programs of political info- tainment (politainment) broadcast in 2018 in Spain and analyzes in a particular way the behavior of the infoshow ‘El Intermedio’, as well as the engagement of its social audience on the social network Twitter. For this, a content analysis methodology has been used on the tweets published by the program, the com- ments received and the reactions made by its social audience. The results of the investigation indicate that, as a whole, politainment programs, or those that include spectacular politics, and that are broadcast in the night time slot, have a greater number of followers on their Twitter profiles than those that are broad- cast in the morning, they also concentrate a higher accumulated monthly linear audience. Regarding the analysis of the tweets and comments of ‘El Intermedio’, the colloquial language and the critical and humorous intentionality are pre- dominant while the engagement obtained is scarce as it does not include only viralizing elements that reinforce its messages.

THE SUBJECTIVITY OF THE WORKING PERSON AND THE LANGUAGE OF LEGAL AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS

The subject of the analysis is the phenomenon related to the fact that the socalled Legal language, i.e. the colloquial language used by lawyers to describe legal phenomena, influences the interpretation of law. Moreover, the above impact is often negative for human rights. An example of such a phenomenon is the description of the phenomenon of employment through the prism of such concepts as employment, price for work, labor market or exploitation.

Obraz zarazy w świetle traktatu medycznego Piotra Umiastowskiego pt. Nauka o morowym powietrzu na czwory księgi przełożona (1591)

This article aims to show the picture of the plague as created by Piotr Umiastowski in his medical treatise entitled Nauka o morowym powietrzu na czwory księgi przełożona from 1591. It discusses the synonymy connected with the names of illnesses, the features of the plague and its symptoms, the origins of the epidemic, as well as the ways illness can be perceived in metaphorical terms. The analyses are intended to show the past methods of conceptualising an illness, which was, on the one hand, determined by the medical science of sixteenth century, and, on the other, by the idea of illness as preserved in colloquial language. The research also points to chosen linguistic devices which form the image of an illness, in particular the evaluative lexicon and given stylistic devices that perform the artistic functions of language (comparison, metaphor, epithets).

Polska sieć komunikacyjna i jej główne osie

An inalienable property of the linguistic reality is the multi-language nature of the world and the multi-variation character of the ethnic-national communication space. As regards Polish pace, one can distinguish a series of axes around which the processes of long lasting concentrate. The author discusses the following five axes: (1) idiolectal (individual languages), (2) one determined by the dichotomy: spoken language – written language (contemporarily it assumes the form: spoken language – media language – written language), (3) one connected with the opposition: dialects – literary language (today in the form: dialects – mixed languages – general language), (4) functional variations (their ‘canonical’ series: colloquial language – scientific language – journalistic language – language of the administration – religious language – artistic language), and (5) one of three styles (high – medium – low).

Teaching Strategies of Georgian Colloquials and their integration in Georgian as SL Class

In the process of learning a foreign/second language, students should learn spoken/colloquial language in addition to formal language. This is important for successful communication in a reallife situation. Spoken/informal language occupies a significant part of everyday communication. Moreover, colloquial language and face to face interaction represent the essential aspects in both learning and teaching process and plays an important role in terms of linguistic and cognitive development of learner (Hinkel, 2006). According to Engkent, students “are wellequipped if they can handle a basic formal! informal distinction and understand the principles of register use” (Engkent; 1986). Georgian as a second language teaching resource does not include materials discussing this part of the language. As a result, language learners do not have the appropriate skills and knowledge to select the correct forms and expressions, taking into account the quality of language formality and the actual communication situation, speaking, as well as obstacles in understanding the information received in everyday speech, which also requires specific knowledge. The aim of the article is to study the situation in Georgian higher education, to identify the level of students' knowledge and learning activities and approaches, and to develop relevant recommendationsto address the above-mentioned problem. The research was conducted on the basis of Georgian higher education institutions, foreign students who speak Georgian as a foreign language took part in the research. Finally, 35 students of different nationalities participated in the study. The paper is mainly based on qualitative research. In addition, the interview method was used in the study; informants were 35 students who completed the questionnaires with open-ended and closed- ended questions. The observation method was also used in the research. We looked at the components of teaching speaking and reading. We conducted an experiment during the research process. Students were given a text with the same content in formal and informal style to read. In addition, we offered them the task of participating in a conversation situation on the same topic in a different context in terms of formality/language register and the results in both activities were observed. The study involved a relatively small focus group, which prevents a more in-depth and generalized picture from being displayed and the results obtained. Observations of the lesson process have shown that students understand the formal text more easily than informal style language. Even when the teacher provides spoken language forms, students find it difficult to comprehend such material. This is due to the fact that spoken language learning activities are more spontaneous, less systematic and do not reinforce such knowledge in the audience. Student surveys and questionnaires completed by them revealed the following: At a certain level of language proficiency they find it relatively easy to learn information from university-created texts in literary language, but in everyday situations, it is difficult to establish successful communication and comprehend information due to ignorance of spoken forms. In addition, such activities are less covered in the curriculum as well as in the textbooks and in thisregard, the experience of both teachers and students is relatively scarce. The experiment revealed that students understand the text of a formal genre more easily and correctly than spoken, informal information. The same goes for building a talking situation. In order for the student to realize the similarities and differences between formal and informal languages, it is necessary to carry out a variety of activities in the learning environment, including 1. Identify formal and informal distinguishing marks, which is achieved by reading, processing and comparing different texts according to different levels, genres and formality levels. 2. Use of lexical activities: Identify lexical items (slang, language contractions, acronyms, etc.) in texts, create a dictionary and perform relevant exercises. 3. Conversational activities on different topics: The teacher presents and discusses a particular form with a student, after which the students build the spoken situation in different language registers and make a presentation through role-playing games. 4. Use of authentic recordings and multimedia to master natural, informal language forms and structures.

Valeurs particulières des Clitiques Datifs En Français et en Roumain (exemples Empruntés Aux Proverbes)

In this paper we want to make a contrastive presentation, in French and in Romanian, upon the way the unstressed pronominal forms having the function of complement in the Dative are used in proverbs. We also want to emphasize the similarities and the differences between the two languages – when we speak about the morpho-syntactic and the semantic levels. Such differences and similarities occur especially when it comes to the possession relationship. Most part of our study is dedicated to presenting some special values of the unstressed pronominal forms in the possessive Dative – including the variant of the Dative with an attributive function and the ethical Dative. We have done this research in order to establish to what extent the use of such constructions varies. We shall also emphasize the specific constructions in Romanian where the Dative has a neutral value and the analytic Dative is thought as a prepositional group in the colloquial language. In order to illustrate this phenomenon in a better way, we relied our study on a corpus of proverbs and adages which were selected from specialized collections and electronic versions of some dictionairies.

COLLOQUIAL LANGUAGE USED IN MOVIE SCRIPT ADA APA DENGAN CINTA 1

This study is conducted to examine colloquial expression in the movie script Ada Apa dengan Cinta I. Colloquial Language is the linguistic style used for casual communication. The method applied in this study is qualitative approach. The data shows that there are 28 occurances of colloquial expression in the movie script. The expressions involve five types. They are slang, jargon, provanity, contraction and idiom. The most dominat expression used in the movie is slang with 42.9% occurances. The second position is provanity with 25% occurances. Then, the next level is jargon with 17.9%, contraction with 10.7%, and the last is idiom with only 3.5% occurances. The result shows that the movie script presents a casual conversation. Most situation of the conversation is informal. Moreover, this movie script is identical with teenagers as the most characters are teenagers. The teenagers tend to use such casual conversations. Besides, the result proves that this movie script also presents a local dialect of Bahasa Indonesia. It is Jakarta dialect since the setting is in that region. Therefore, it is concluded that this movie is characterized with Jakarta dialect and teenager’s casual conversation.

Zaprzedać duszę diabłu – reprodukowalność mitu we frazematyce z polskiego obszaru gwarowego i języka potocznego w kontekście kultury tradycyjnej

Selling One’s Soul to the Devil – Reproducibility of the Mythical Motif in Phrasematics of the Polish Colloquial Language in the Context of Traditional Culture The author of the article discussed reproducibility of the mythical motif of “Adam’s pact with the devil” in Polish traditional culture and in dialectal and colloquial phrasematics. The adoption of the concept of “language narrativeness” in the description of a small piece of reality such as the act of selling one’s soul to the devil, makes it possible to present this piece in a form of a structured image within the frames of a great narrative about the world (based on the Christian belief concerning the soul) which contains small narratives (referring to myths and folk demonology included in stereotypical text motifs) and micro-narratives that are hidden in lexis and broadly understood phrasematics and that reflect a whole range of interpretations and evaluations related to a person’s pact with a demonic being.

Modern tendencies of development of norms of Ukrainian language

The article contains an overview of new trends in Ukrainian literary and colloquial language development in historical retrospect and dynamics. In particular, changes in the lexical structure of language, new phenomena in word formation, morphology and syntax, innovative shifts in styles, etc., in the context of communicative strategies and tactics, rhetorical, stylistic, and linguistic norms and techniques adopted in various spheres of communication are considered. The article is aimed at forming ideas and gaining knowledge in the field of the theory of the modern Ukrainian language in those sections that are distinguished by the greatest significance of the theoretical approach (grammar, syntax), as well as skills and abilities in those parts that require an applied application (culture of oral and written communication, stylistics, rhetoric, genre studies, the principles of spelling). With the dominant idea of the pluralism of norms and an orientation towards their non-rigid codification, there is also an idea of the loosening of the norms of the literary language, of the grave and even dangerous condition experienced by the modern Ukrainian literary language.