scholarly journals Exporting Francoist Modernity

2019 ◽  
pp. 114-135
Author(s):  
David Brydan

Social experts played an important but contested role in Francoist attempts to establish Spain as an influential power in Latin America during the 1940s and 1950s. By encouraging Spanish experts to form ties with their Latin American colleagues, the Franco regime aimed to promote an image of itself as modern, scientific, and technically advanced on the one hand, and as socially progressive on the other. Despite the significant resources dedicated to this task, the Francoist narrative was strongly resisted both by Latin American leftists and by exiled Republican social experts who promoted a more collaborative model of Ibero-American identity. Nevertheless, Latin America did offer a route through which Francoist experts were able to engage with wider forms of international health and welfare. In areas such as social security, it also provided an opportunity for the regime to promote its vision of Francoist modernity to the outside world.

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpad Von Lazar ◽  
Michele McNabb

Latin American societies and economies are. in a world of change and transition. The past decade, from 1973 to the present, has been for them an era of anxiety on the one hand and of opportunity on the other, a paradoxical era in which prospects for development had to compete with the high social costs of stagnation in many instances.Energy was the catchword, and the name of energy was oil. Its price, its availability, and its promise (a road to riches for those fortunate enough to possess it, a threat of increasing poverty for those unfortunate enough to have to buy it) brought turmoil to the economies, and the bodies politic, of Latin America.


Itinerario ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Miller

For forty years much of the research on Britain's relationship with Latin America has been dominated by a rather narrow agenda, the boundaries of which were established by radical and conservative writers in the middle third of the twentieth century, just when Britain's role in Latin America was rapidly declining. Essentially this was a debate about power, that of British governments and businessmen on the one hand and Latin American governments and elites on the other. More recently, however, younger historians have begun to break free of the confines established by those writing in the 1950s and 1960s. As a result there is some hope that new research on this topic may offer more of interest to non-specialists and contribute to other historical debates, both in British and Latin American history. The purpose of this historiographical essay, which is based primarily, but not entirely, on the research undertaken in Britain during the last twenty years, is to review the recent literature on British investment in Latin America, and to investigate some of the implications of what we now know about the subject for our understanding of the evolution of Latin American societies.


2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (314) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Reuberson Ferreira ◽  
Ney De Souza

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apontar a relação entre a III Conferência Geral do Episcopado Latino-Americano celebrada no final de janeiro e início de fevereiro de 1979 em Puebla de Los Angeles (México) e os Bispos do Brasil; indicar quem foram os Bispos do Brasil que de Puebla tomaram parte e em quais aspectos eles contribuíram. Tal colaboração será externada em duas vertentes. De um lado, a contribuição dos Bispos do Brasil enquanto Conferência Episcopal Nacional; de outro, a colaboração pessoal de prelados, especialmente Aloísio Lorscheider e Luciano Mendes de Almeida, que, ou por sua liderança natural no episcopado Latino-Americano ou por suas opções e testemunhos eclesiológicos, influíram profundamente em posições assumidas no Documento Final. A metodologia de pesquisa será da revisão de literatura. As fontes serão arquivos do CNBB, CELAM e publicações contemporâneas a conferência de 1979. Abstract: The purpose of this article is to point out the relationship between the Third General Conference of Latin American Episcopate held in late January and early February 1979 in Puebla de Los Angeles (Mexico) and the Bishops of Brazil; pointing out the bishops of Brazil who took part in Puebla and in what aspects they contributed. Such collaboration will be expressed in two parts. On the one hand, the contribution of the bishops of Brazil as National Episcopal Conference; On the other hand, the personal collaboration of prelates especially Aloísio Lorscheider and Luciano Mendes de Almeida who either by their natural leadership in the Latin American episcopate or by their ecclesiological options and testimonies have profoundly influenced positions assumed in the Final Document. The research methodology will be from the literature review. The sources will be archives from CNBB, CELAM and contemporary publications at the 1979 conference.Keywords: Puebla; Bishops of Brazil; Contribution; Final Document; Latin America.


Author(s):  
Manfred Liebel

The colonization of the subcontinent, now called Latin America, was at first a severe form of exploitation of land and people. Over the massive immigration of European migrants and the recruitment of slaves from Africa, the colonies in the subcontinent have gradually changed to settler colonies. The conquest of the Southern subcontinent went hand in hand with an extensive biological intermarriage between the colonists on the one hand and the indigenous and African descendent populations, predominantly their women, on the other. This mixing continued after the formation of independent Latin American republics starting in the beginning of the 19th century, but without alteration of the supremacy the descendants of the white conquerors have had. This chapter presents different practices, which can be traced back to similar causes. First, the racist violence against so-called illegitimate children, secondly, the treatment of children of indigenous and African descendent populations in order to ‘civilize’ them. These practices are based in part on the racist convictions of the colonial potentates and continue to take place today in Latin American societies.


2019 ◽  
pp. 97-122
Author(s):  
Francesca Gargallo

This chapter offers a critical survey of feminism in Latin America, highlighting the contributions of prominent Latin American feminists in art, politics, and philosophy. The essay begins with a discussion of the pioneering feminist ideas of Juana Inés de la Cruz and their reception in Latin American feminist thought; and it continues with an elucidation of contemporary feminist critiques of the neoliberal paradigm of “multiculturalism.” The chapter also discusses how, around 1995, Latin American feminism became split in the academy: on the one hand, there were those Latin American feminists who favored the strategy of diversifying the curriculum and including gender issues within the existing institutional and academic frameworks; and, on the other hand, there were those Latin American feminists who favored a more subversive strategy of ignoring traditional forms of academic recognition and privileging the engaged thought and action of the women’s movement.


2020 ◽  
pp. 224-236
Author(s):  
Andy Baker ◽  
Barry Ames ◽  
Lúcio Rennó

This concluding chapter summarizes the findings from the previous chapters. Seen collectively, the findings paint a somewhat complicated picture of democratic citizenship in Latin America. On the one hand, the high rates of vote switching during campaigns, often as a result of informal discussion, reflect an open-mindedness and a responsiveness to counter-argumentation that is absent in the more polarized and partisan United States. In thinking about their vote decisions, moreover, Latin American voters seek informed advice, identifying knowledgeable peers from whom to learn. On the other hand, this social process during the campaign does not necessarily yield better decisions, at least according to the correct-voting criterion. Moreover, this process is dominated by the upper class in a region that already suffers deep socioeconomic inequalities.


2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (316) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
José Reinaldo Felipe Martins Filho

A partir das ressonâncias provocadas na Igreja latino-americana pelo Sínodo da Amazônia, ocorrido em novembro de 2019, este texto pretende particularizar a questão da inculturação como um importante prisma desde o qual pode ser interpretado não apenas o movimento sinodal, mas a concepção eclesiológica inerente ao magistério de Francisco, que, para nós, é indissociável de quaisquer tentativas de leitura dos últimos acontecimentos. Nesse sentido, o Sínodo Amazônico representa uma espécie de ápice do processo instaurado pelo papa, a começar pelos primeiros documentos emanados de seu pontificado. É, além disso, uma forma de dar protagonismo à Igreja na América Latina, oportunidade de discussão de sua realidade específica, seus desafios e conquistas, a fim de contribuir com o cristianismo católico em todo o mundo. É possível, por isso, estabelecer o percurso sinodal na continuidade de concepções já instauradas pelos documentos da Conferência Episcopal Latino-americana e Caribenha (CELAM), talvez como o mais importante acontecimento em termos eclesiais e pastorais dessa porção da Igreja desde o Concílio Vaticano II. Ao enfatizarmos a questão da inculturação, portanto, pretendemos: por um lado, salientar a importância desse conceito retomado por Francisco e novamente manifesto nas discussões sinodais, no Documento Final do Sínodo e na Exortação Pós-Sinodal Querida Amazônia; por outro, sinalizar o caráter embrionário do estágio em que nos situamos, ao qual seguirá a implementação de novas abordagens e concepções pastorais, com efeitos diretos sobre a leitura e a vivência do catolicismo no Brasil. Based on the resonances provoked in the Latin American Church by the Amazon Synod, which took place in November 2019, this text intends to highlight the issue of inculturation as an important prism from which not only the synodal movement can be interpreted, but the conception ecclesiological nature inherent to the teaching of Francis, which, for us, is inseparable from any attempts to read the latest events. In this sense, the Amazon Synod represents an apex of the process initiated by the pope, starting with the first documents emanating from his pontificate. It is, moreover, a way of giving prominence to the Church in Latin America, an opportunity to discuss its specific reality, its challenges and achievements, in order to contribute to Catholic Christianity worldwide. It is possible, therefore, to establish the synodal path in the continuity of conceptions already established by the documents of the Latin American and Caribbean Episcopal Conference (CELAM), perhaps as the most important event in ecclesial and pastoral terms of this portion of the Church since the Second Vatican Council. In emphasizing the issue of inculturation, therefore, we intend: on the one hand, to stress the importance of this concept taken up by Francis and again manifested in the synodal discussions, in the Synod Final Document and in the Querida Amazonia Post-Synodal Exhortation; on the other hand, to signal the initial character of the stage in which we are, which will follow the implementation of new approaches and pastoral concepts, with direct effects on the reading and the experience of Catholicism in Brazil.Keywords: Inculturation; Pope Francis; Amazon Synod; Culture.


1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Silverman

A survey was conducted on the promotion of 28 prescription drugs in the form of 40 different products marketed in the United States and Latin America by 23 multinational pharmaceutical companies. Striking differences were found in the manner in which the identical drug, marketed by the identical company or its foreign affiliate, was described to physicians in the United States and to physicians in Latin America. In the United States, the listed indications were usually few in number, while the contraindications, warnings, and potential adverse reactions were given in extensive detail. In Latin America, the listed indications were far more numerous, while the hazards were usually minimized, glossed over, or totally ignored. The differences were not simply between the United States on the one hand and all the Latin American countries on the other. There were substantial differences within Latin America, with the same global company telling one story in Mexico, another in Central America, a third in Ecuador and Colombia, and yet another in Brazil. The companies have sought to defend these practices by contending that they are not breaking any Latin American laws. In some countries, however, such promotion is in clear violation of the law. The corporate ethics and social responsibilities concerned here call for examination and action.


2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-112
Author(s):  
Antonio A. Arantes

This structural analysis focuses on the compadrio system. The empirical background is provided by observation carried out among sertanejo peasants of Bahia in the late 1960s and by the literature on the Latin American and Southern European variants of this institution. It is mainly concerned with two complementary problems. On the one hand, to draw a model that might represent that institution's elementary structure, virtually present in the variants of this system; on the other, to offer an interpretation of its meaning, by contrasting it with elements of the kinship and marriage systems, and taking in consideration the peasants' religious background. This exercise was inspired by Edmund Leach's Rethinking anthropology and his ideas about the Virgin Birth. Analytical perspectives for further research are suggested.


1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 353-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Grugel ◽  
Monica Quijada

In December 1938 an alliance of the Radical, Communist and Socialist parties took office in Chile, the first Popular Front to come to power in Latin America. A few months later, in Spain, the Nationalist forces under Generalísimo Franco occupied Madrid, bringing an end to the civil war. Shortly after, a serious diplomatic conflict developed between Spain and Chile, in which most of Latin America gradually became embroiled. It concerned the fate of 17 Spanish republicans who had sought asylum in the Chilean embassy in the last days of the seige of Madrid, and culminated in July 1940 when the Nationalist government broke off relations with Chile. Initially, the issue at the heart of the episode was the right to political asylum and the established practice of Latin American diplomatic legations of offering protection to individuals seeking asylum (asilados). The causes of the conflict, however, became increasingly obscured as time went on. The principles at stake became confused by mutual Spanish– Chilean distrust, the Nationalists' ideological crusade both within Spain and outside and the Chilean government's deep hostility to the Franco regime, which it saw as a manifestation of fascism. The ideological gulf widened with the onset of the Second World War. This article concentrates primarily, although not exclusively, on the first part of the dispute, April 1939–January 1940. In this period asylum, which is our main interest, was uppermost in Spanish–Chilean diplomatic correspondence.


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