scholarly journals Predicting Mental Health From Followed Accounts on Twitter

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory Costello ◽  
Sanjay Srivastava ◽  
Reza Rejaie ◽  
Maureen Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Online Behavior ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Out Of Sample ◽  
Post Traumatic

The past decade has seen rapid growth in research linking stable psychological characteristics (i.e., traits) to digital records of online behavior in Online Social Networks (OSNs) like Facebook and Twitter, which has implications for basic and applied behavioral sciences. Findings indicate that a broad range of psychological characteristics can be predicted from various behavioral residue online, including language used in posts on Facebook (Park et al., 2015) and Twitter (Reece et al., 2017), and which pages a person ‘likes’ on Facebook (e.g., Kosinski, Stillwell, & Graepel, 2013). The present study examined the extent to which the accounts a user follows on Twitter can be used to predict individual differences in self-reported anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and anger. Followed accounts on Twitter offer distinct theoretical and practical advantages for researchers; they are potentially less subject to overt impression management and may better capture passive users. Using an approach designed to minimize overfitting and provide unbiased estimates of predictive accuracy, our results indicate that each of the four constructs can be predicted with modest accuracy (out-of-sample R’s of approximately .2). Exploratory analyses revealed that anger, but not the other constructs, was distinctly reflected in followed accounts, and there was some indication of bias in predictions for women (vs. men) but not for racial/ethnic minorities (vs. majorities). We discuss our results in light of theories linking psychological traits to behavior online, applications seeking to infer psychological characteristics from records of online behavior, and ethical issues such as algorithmic bias and users’ privacy.

scholarly journals A prospective study of pre-trauma risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2571-2582 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wild ◽  
K. V. Smith ◽  
E. Thompson ◽  
F. Béar ◽  
M. J. J. Lommen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundIt is unclear which potentially modifiable risk factors best predict post-trauma psychiatric disorders. We aimed to identify pre-trauma risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depression (MD) that could be targeted with resilience interventions.MethodNewly recruited paramedics (n = 453) were assessed for history of mental disorders with structured clinical interviews within the first week of their paramedic training and completed self-report measures to assess hypothesized predictors. Participants were assessed every 4 months for 2 years to identify any episodes of PTSD and MD; 386 paramedics (85.2%) participated in the follow-up interviews.ResultsIn all, 32 participants (8.3%) developed an episode of PTSD and 41 (10.6%) an episode of MD during follow-up. In all but nine cases (2.3%), episodes had remitted by the next assessment 4 months later. At 2 years, those with episodes of PTSD or MD during follow-up reported more days off work, poorer sleep, poorer quality of life, greater burn-out; and greater weight-gain for those with PTSD. In line with theories of PTSD and depression, analyses controlling for psychiatric and trauma history identified several pre-trauma predictors (cognitive styles, coping styles and psychological traits). Logistic regressions showed that rumination about memories of stressful events at the start of training uniquely predicted an episode of PTSD. Perceived resilience uniquely predicted an episode of MD.ConclusionsParticipants at risk of developing episodes of PTSD or depression could be identified within the first week of paramedic training. Cognitive predictors of episodes of PTSD and MD are promising targets for resilience interventions.

Ethics in Relation to Caregiving and Caregivers in Mental Health

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian C. Hughes ◽  
Clive Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Dynamic Relationships

Ethical issues in relation to caregiving and caregivers in connection with mental health can be characterized by two themes. First, they reflect the everyday nature of informal caregiving. Secondly, because caregivers are situated in a particular context, the dilemmas that face them are particular. Thus, whilst different ethical issues can arise in the context of any mental illness, in every case there will be something unique to their nature. This chapter considers some of the ethical problems that might arise in relation to a variety of mental disorders (i.e. schizophrenia, depression, anorexia nervosa, post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol problems). These will always reflect the nature of the relationships in question. Greater attention is paid to ethical issues that arise for people with dementia. This helps to show both the variety of ethical difficulties and the situated nature of carers, who respond to difficulties in the context of dynamic relationships.

scholarly journals Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: Advances in Optogenetics, Ethical Issues Affecting DBS Research, Neuromodulatory Approaches for Depression, Adaptive Neurostimulation, and Emerging DBS Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinata Vedam-Mai ◽  
Karl Deisseroth ◽  
James Giordano ◽  
Gabriel Lazaro-Munoz ◽  
Winston Chiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Video Communications ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Deep Brain

We estimate that 208,000 deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices have been implanted to address neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders worldwide. DBS Think Tank presenters pooled data and determined that DBS expanded in its scope and has been applied to multiple brain disorders in an effort to modulate neural circuitry. The DBS Think Tank was founded in 2012 providing a space where clinicians, engineers, researchers from industry and academia discuss current and emerging DBS technologies and logistical and ethical issues facing the field. The emphasis is on cutting edge research and collaboration aimed to advance the DBS field. The Eighth Annual DBS Think Tank was held virtually on September 1 and 2, 2020 (Zoom Video Communications) due to restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The meeting focused on advances in: (1) optogenetics as a tool for comprehending neurobiology of diseases and on optogenetically-inspired DBS, (2) cutting edge of emerging DBS technologies, (3) ethical issues affecting DBS research and access to care, (4) neuromodulatory approaches for depression, (5) advancing novel hardware, software and imaging methodologies, (6) use of neurophysiological signals in adaptive neurostimulation, and (7) use of more advanced technologies to improve DBS clinical outcomes. There were 178 attendees who participated in a DBS Think Tank survey, which revealed the expansion of DBS into several indications such as obesity, post-traumatic stress disorder, addiction and Alzheimer’s disease. This proceedings summarizes the advances discussed at the Eighth Annual DBS Think Tank.

SPECIFICITY OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMBATANTS’ EMOTIONS, INTELLIGENCE AND POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS IN EXTRAORDINARY CONDITIONS OF THE JOINT FORCES OPERATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
O. I. Bohucharova
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Combat Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
Police Personnel ◽  
Norm Group ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Military

The article analyzes the relationship between post-traumatic stress (PTS) and individual psychological characteristics of the military and police personnel who performed combat tasks during the joint forces operation in the East of Ukraine. The sample consisted of 172 military and police combatants of the National Guard and the National Police; the military personnel had a higher level of resistance to combat stress than policemen-combatants. Police personnel had more difficulties in war than the military ones, demonstrated a lot of correlations with stress indicators including DSM symptoms and deeper depression. The National Guard’s combatants demonstrated high correlations with hopelessness, neurotisation, general anxiety too. Moreover, their optimism is twice as low as that of policemen. However, there were no clinical signs of PTSD in the sample. Statistically significant differences were determined with the author’s non-standardized “negative emotionality” scale between the group of combatants having psychological signs of PTS and the “norm” group. These differences related to: anxiety, depression, hopelessness, and also intelligence. The higher the intellectual abilities were, the lower the experienced combat stress. The average-high intelligence determined combatants’ low vulnerability to post-traumatic stress (the “norm” group). Also, it was found that combatants’ individual psychological characteristics played a greater role in appearance of post-traumatic stress signs then belonging to different combat units (military or police). Execution of various military missions and belonging to different combat units (military or police) were predictors of emotional stability and sensitivity to combat stressors, and, at the same time, different psychological coping resources used by combatants: policemen used socially-psychological resources, military personnel used personality ones. The importance of the cognitive

The Pitfalls of Making a Categorical Diagnosis of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Personal Injury Litigation

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sqn Ldr L A Neal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Personal Injury Litigation ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Uk

Since it first became possible to diagnose Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) categorically with the advent of DSM-III (American Psychiatric Association, 1980), its use in the American Courts to substantiate civil claims has burgeoned. This situation may be set to repeat itself in the UK Mental health professionals need to be aware that there is a substantial body of evidence supporting the validity of the concept of a DSM diagnosis of PTSD. However, the reliability of such a diagnosis can be called into question. There are legal and ethical issues involved in assessing and interpreting the DSM criteria, some of which may lead the expert witness to make authoritative pronouncements that are outside his legitimate field of expertise. There is a danger that the legal profession will adopt the DSM as a ‘gold standard’ against which to judge expert testimony. The multiaxial classification of the DSM can be a useful framework for presenting a diagnosis of PTSD, but over-rigid adherence to the criteria at the expense of clinical judgement and experience should be avoided.

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