Chicken Doctors and the Trials of Transcendence

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-100
Author(s):  
Geovani Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Immigrant Workers ◽  
Illness Narrative ◽  
Structural Vulnerability ◽  
Industry Chain ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
Poultry Workers ◽  
Journal Entries

This autoethnographic, multidisciplinary illness narrative describes the working conditions of a crew of Latina/o chicken workers (gallineras/os) in North Carolina and explores how these laborers respond to and make meaning of their brutal and dehumanizing work. Transporting us back to a pre-pandemic era, this project seeks to demonstrate how systemic conditions, exacerbating health disparities among poultry workers during COVID-19, are, in fact, endemic and will persist after a post-pandemic US society. Engaging with medical anthropological scholarship that investigates the intersections between Latina/o labor, legislation, and health, this project employs structural violence and structural vulnerability frameworks to investigate the network of structures that contribute to poor health outcomes among Latina/o immigrant workers. “Chicken Doctors” explores how disabling working conditions and their attending legislative and occupational policies debilitate Latina/o immigrant workers, and it argues that gallinera/o labor must be understood as a form of illness, as their toil leaves them with daily pains and lasting impairments. The project draws from an interview with the author’s father, who worked as a gallinera/o laborer and manager for over two decades, as well as from the author’s own observations and journal entries written during his work as a gallinera/o. The piece details the incapacitating gallinera/o labor required to move and vaccinate chickens, describes the toxic working environments, and reflects upon the collective strategies for transcendence that gallineras/os employ to survive their conditions. While this project unveils the spirited resilience of gallineras/os, who make up an essential link in the poultry industry chain but are less conspicuous than their meatpacking counterparts, it especially seeks to expose the network of injustices surrounding their labor.

The influence of working conditions in the basic branches of animal husbandry on the nosological structure of occupational morbidity of workers

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
G. Bezrukova ◽  
M. Shalashova ◽  
T. Novikova ◽  
V. Spirin
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Poultry Workers ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Cattle Breeders ◽  
Sacral Radiculopathy

On the basis of updated data, the influence of working conditions on the nosological structure of professional morbidity of workers in the basic branches of animal husbandry of the Russian Federation is analyzed. In total, from 2011 to 2017, occupational diseases were detected in 823 livestock workers, who received 881 diagnoses, of which the share of cattle breeders, poultry breeders and pig breeders accounted for 95,0, 3,4 and 1,6 % of cases, respectively. Harmful labor factors that cause the formation of professional pathology in livestock breeders were: physical overload (64,6 %), industrial contact with cattle infected with Brucella abortus bovis (32,6 %) and the presence of dust in the work area containing toxic chemicals and aggressive biological mixes (2,3 %). A high etiopathogenetic relationship between the nosological form of the disease and working conditions in the profession was revealed. In livestock workers, occupational diseases were formed under the influence of physical overloads (64,6 %) and infection with the brucellosis pathogen (34,6 %); in pig farming, as a result of the severity of labor (84.5 %) and air pollution of the working area with dust, chemical toxicants and biologically active substances (7,7 %); in poultry farming, occupational health risk was associated with allergization of working with poultry products (50 %) and physical overloads (42,9 %). In the nosological spectrum of accumulated occupational diseases of livestock workers, the first rank places were occupied by residual brucellosis (32,6 %), radiculopathy of the cervical and lumbo-sacral levels (25,8 %), mono- and polyneuropathy (25,2 %), arthrosis and polyarthrosis (8,2 %), shoulder and shoulder periarthrosis (5,4 %). In poultry workers ¾ respiratory diseases: allergic bronchial asthma (39,3 %), allergic rhinopharyngitis (10,7 %) and cervical and lumbo-sacral radiculopathy (21,4 %). Pig workers were mainly diagnosed with cervical and lumbo-sacral radiculopathy (46,2 %), mono- and polyneuropathy (23,1 %), shoulder periarthrosis (15.4 %).

THE RIGHT TO LOCATE AND PROSPECTS OF ITS LEGAL REGULATION IN UKRAINIAN LEGISLATION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy Aveskulov ◽  
◽  
Yuliia Deresh ◽  
Albina Romanchuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Economic Pressure ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
European Experience ◽  
The Right

This article is devoted to the study of the right to lockout, the legal status and procedure of which are not regulated in the labor legislation of Ukraine. The article considers the experience of foreign countries and options for legislative consolidation of the right to lockout. It is established that there are two types of lockout - defensive and offensive, the first of which acts as a reaction of the employer to the strike. The offensive does not require such a precondition as a workers' strike and is a means for the employer to impose its working conditions. Based on this, it was determined that most countries allow the employer to resort to such a measure if the lockout is defensive, but the procedure for its implementation contains a number of restrictions. The article analyzes the provisions of the European Social Charter, the Law of Ukraine "On the Procedure for Resolving Collective Labor Disputes (Conflicts)", the Draft Labor Code of Ukraine dated 04.12.2007 № 1108, the Draft Labor Code of Ukraine dated 27.12.2014 № 1658, the Draft Labor Code of Ukraine 08.11.2019 № 2410-1, Draft Labor Code of Ukraine dated 08.11.2019 № 2410, Draft Law on Strikes and Lockouts dated 27.12.2019 № 2682. The article considers the views of domestic scholars on the feasibility of enshrining in Ukrainian law the employer's right to lockout, some of which consider it appropriate to allow the right to lockout as a protective action of the employer in response to workers' strike, but with some restrictions. Other scholars advocate a direct ban, as such an employer's right may violate workers' right to strike. Based on the positions of scientists, foreign experience and analysis of numerous legislative attempts to determine the legal status and procedure of the right to lockout, a variant of its enshrinement in the labor legislation of Ukraine is proposed to balance the rights and interests of employees and employers and avoid economic pressure on employees. The authors consider it appropriate to consolidate the right to lockout if it is defensive, following the example of European experience.

Complexity Factors in Networked and Virtual Working Environments

2010 ◽  
pp. 1346-1354
Author(s):  
Juha Kettunen ◽  
Ari Putkonen ◽  
Ursula Hyrkkänen
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Cultural Spaces ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Ict Tools ◽  
The One

Working environments are changing from the traditional model. An increasing amount of work takes place in networked and virtual environments which are not tied to one place and time. The work environment is defined “virtual,” when the employee uses information and communication technology (ICT) for collaboration (Vartiainen, 2006). The planning of working conditions becomes challenging task for managers and ICT tool developers, because there is a lack of understanding the consequences of emerging virtual work. The capacity of workers to percept and process information is burdened with the complexity and high demands of working life. Knowledge of the complexity factors of the overall work system is essential for an in depth understanding of human working capabilities and limitations (Kleiner, 2006). The complexity of work is usually considered as a factor related to the task. At the one end the task is creative and demanding and at the other end it is simple and routine-like. The expanded complexity concept also takes into account the working environment that can be different combinations of physical, virtual, social and cultural spaces. The purpose of this article is to present a framework to analyse the complexity factors in networked and virtual working environments. The approach developed in this article is intended to be generic in order to be applicable to various kinds of organisations and networks for the purpose of management. It is important that the working conditions of workers can be planned in advance to provide workers with appropriate ICT tools and data networks to enable efficient cooperation in networks in a way that the workload can be limited to a sustainable level. The described framework is assessed using the case of the Turku University of Applied Sciences (TUAS).

Lending a Hand to Labor: James Myers and the Federal Council of Churches, 1926–1947

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fones-Wolf ◽  
Ken Fones-Wolf
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Textile Workers ◽  
Industrial Conflict ◽  
Christian Century ◽  
Federal Council Of Churches ◽  
Low Wages

On 31 September 1929, James Myers, the industrial secretary of the Federal Council of Churches (FCC), arrived in Marion, North Carolina, to investigate the causes for the continuing industrial unrest that had swept across the southern textile industry since the spring. Shortly after Myers's arrival, as the textile workers attempted to picket the plant, sheriff's deputies fired into the crowd, killing six strikers and wounding twenty-five others. Myers's eulogy for the slain workers admonished the mill owners for the harsh working conditions and low wages, but mostly for their opposition to their workers' right to organize. He also scolded clergymen who argued that industrial conflict was “not the Church's business.” Over the ensuing months, Myers set an example of Christian involvement in labor unrest. He investigated the strike's impact on the community, he met with the governor, and he offered to help mediate the conflict. Dismayed by the suffering that he had uncovered, Myers also organized a relief campaign among church people on behalf of the families of the striking workers. Reflecting on Myers's efforts, the Christian Century declared that Myers stood “almost alone as representative of any active concern in the churches” in the midst of “appalling industrial warfare.” Otherwise, “the forces of organized religion would have to confess to an amazing indifference when confronted by the most acute industrial conflict of the year.”

scholarly journals Actual problems of application of labor protection rules of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and the ways of solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Roman V. Kirsanov
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Labor Protection ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Safe Working

The subject. The article deals with topical issues of ensuring the realization of the employee's right to healthy and safe working conditions.The purpose of the study is to identify the main directions of improvement of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation in the field of labor protection.The methodology includes formal-legal method, the analysis of the components of the right to healthy and safe working conditions, as well as the right to information and related rights.The main results. The author formulates proposals for amending a number of articles of the Labor Code, including those containing the most important branch principles, as well as those on termination of the employment contract and ensuring the right of an employee to a workplace that meets the requirements of labor protection.Examples from judicial practice show a low level of legal awareness of Russian employers and their disdainful attitude to labor legislation. This is expressed not only in violation of labor protection rules, but also in the absence of proper registration of an employee, when a written labor contract is not concluded with him. Thus, the relationship between the norms of different labor law institutions is expressed, expressed in their protective potential. The existing approach to understanding labor protection in a broad sense to a certain extent may be in demand even now. For example, by improving the norms on the conclu-sion, modification and termination of an employment contract, it is possible to achieve in parallel a certain improvement in working conditions for workers. This is due to the fact that legal registration of employment in most cases is associated with a higher level of security, since an employee without clearance does not actually exist for the state control and supervisory bodies.Conclusions. Understanding of labor protection as all-round protection of labor capacity of the person, being so widespread in Soviet time, looks quite justified nowadays too. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation, as the central regulatory legal act, should be considered as an instrument not only of legal regulation, but also of a powerful ideological impact on domestic employers, and changes and additions to labor legislation concerning labor protection should be made according to above-mentioned conclusion.

scholarly journals The Coronavirus Crisis and Migration: The Pan-Syndemic and Its Impact on Migrants

Two Homelands ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (54) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Perocco
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Immigrant Workers ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

he coronavirus crisis exposed and exacerbated inequalities that already existed. Simultaneously, it has transformed inequalities, changing old ones, generating new ones, intertwining the old and the new. A test of these processes, in particular, of the differentiated impact of the health crisis, may be observed in migration. After examining the ecological-social origins of the novel coronavirus and the COVID-19 related racial health inequalities, the article analyzes the consequences of the pandemic on the health and working conditions of immigrant workers, asylum seekers, emigrants in travel. It highlights the syndemic situation affecting them.

scholarly journals Problems of labor protection in the Republic of Kazakhstan and ways to solve them

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Labor Protection ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Way

The problem of labor protection in the RK economy is a complex problem, which can be solved in a variety of ways, among which one of the most important is the way to protect the employee by law from adverse working conditions. The subject of this article are features the protection of labor in the RK. Legal analysis of the RK labor legislation on the protection of labor was provided, some of its features were revealed, and the actions of RK leadership for solving problems in the field of labor protection had been shown.

scholarly journals EUROPEAN STANDARDS IN THE FIELD OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL SUPPORT FOR CIVIL SERVANTS

Social Law ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
O. Lyubimov
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Safe Working

The article deals with the main types of European standards of administrative and legal support for the work of civil servants, the key of which the author emphasizes the recognition of the priority of the state policy in the area of observance of labor legislation with regard to civil servants. Equally important scholars are called the standards of proper staffing, material and technical support of civil servants, creation of conditions for proper and timely performance of their official duties, improvement of their qualification, training and retraining, creation of harmless and safe working conditions, professionalization of state services, etc. It is emphasized that Ukraine is on the path of European integration, in its activity it tries to implement in its internal law European standards of administrative and legal support of civil servants, but a significant number of them still remains at the declarative level.

Illnesses and injuries reported by Latino poultry workers in western North Carolina

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara A. Quandt ◽  
Joseph G. Grzywacz ◽  
Antonio Marín ◽  
Lourdes Carrillo ◽  
Michael L. Coates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Western North Carolina ◽  
Poultry Workers
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