Proactive Interference of Differently Ordered Tone Sequences with the Accuracy and Speed of Two-Tone Frequency Comparisons

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Ruusuvirta ◽  
Piia Astikainen ◽  
Jan Wikgren
Keyword(s):  
Proactive Interference ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Frequency Difference ◽  
Silent Interval ◽  
Tone Frequency ◽  
Judgment Accuracy ◽  
Comparison Tone ◽  
Standard Tone ◽  
Frequency Comparison

Participants judged the direction of the frequency difference between a standard tone and a comparison tone separated by a silent interval and preceded by a series of three interfering tones. The frequencies of the interfering tones were all either lower/higher than (providing interference) or the same as (providing no interference) the standard-tone frequency. When providing interference, the interfering tones were further ordered either randomly or so that they formed melodically ascending/ descending sequences toward the standard-tone frequency. Irrespective of the order of the interfering tones, the judgments were more accurate when the interfering tones and the comparison tone deviated in frequency in the opposite, rather than the same, direction from the standard tone. Reaction times of these judgments were in line with the data based on the judgment accuracy. The results suggest that the representations of individual interfering tones, and not of anticipations extrapolated from them as a compound, were involved in proactive interference with frequency-comparison performance.

Variability in Matches to Subjective Tinnitus

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Penner
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Comparison Tone ◽  
Standard Tone ◽  
Subjective Tinnitus

For patients with noise-induce sensorineural hearing loss, the results of matching a binaurally presented comparison tone to subjective tinnitus during a 20-days test period are reported. As a control, results of matching an external comparison tom, to a standard tone. are also presented. The variability for tinnitus measurements was extremely large relative to comparable measures for a objective stimuli The relevance of this finding to the nature of tinnitus and to the construction of tinnitus maskers is discussed.

scholarly journals Characterizing the dependence of pure-tone frequency difference limens on frequency, duration, and level

2012 ◽  
Vol 292 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Micheyl ◽  
Li Xiao ◽  
Andrew J. Oxenham
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Frequency Difference ◽  
Tone Frequency

scholarly journals Increment and decrement tone frequency effects in English-speaking adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alycia Erin Cummings ◽  
Amebu Seddoh
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
Tone Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Standard Tone ◽  
Stimulus Set ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Pure Tones

Mismatch negativity (MMN) has been shown to vary in amplitude and latency depending on deviance magnitude. However, how tone deviance direction affects its generation is poorly understood due to paucity of data. The present study sought to determine whether increment and decrement frequencies with deviance magnitudes of 20, 40, and 50 Hz yield differential MMN responses. English-speaking adults were presented two sets of standard and deviant pure tones in a passive event-related potential (ERP) oddball paradigm. Both stimulus sets had the same standard tone of 200 Hz. Each standard tone was accompanied by a set of either increment or decrement deviant tones. The increment tones were 220, 240, and 250 Hz, and the decrement tones were 180, 160, and 150 Hz. Thus, regardless of direction, deviance magnitudes were kept the same at 20 Hz, 40 Hz, and 50 Hz across each stimulus set. Results showed that ERP amplitudes varied according to deviance direction. Decrement stimuli of 160 Hz and 150 Hz elicited larger MMN responses than their corresponding increment stimuli (240 Hz and 150 Hz). These outcomes are consistent with data that indicate that the perception of low and high pitch is mediated by differential discrimination thresholds.

Hue-Tone Sensory Interaction: A Negative Result

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1327-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira H. Bernstein ◽  
Thomas R. Eason ◽  
D. L. Schurman
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sensory Interaction ◽  
Tone Frequency ◽  
Processing Stage ◽  
Location Selection ◽  
Color Selection ◽  
Selective Effects

Choice reaction times (RT) were obtained from four trained Ss to red vs blue targets in four conditions. In three conditions, a noninformative tone occurred on half the trials and could be (a) low frequency, (b) high frequency, or (c) either high or low frequency. Tone never occurred in the fourth condition. As previously observed, tone occurrence produced a nonselective reduction in RT. Contrary to some studies where tone selectivity facilitated detection of blue as opposed to red targets, no such selective effects were obtained. As prior studies (Bernstein & Edelstein, 1971) have found tone frequency to interact with RT to targets differing in location (above vs below fixation), it was concluded that the information-processing stage for color selection is different from the stage for location selection.

scholarly journals Effects Of Colour On The Buildup And Resolution Of Proactive Interference In Working Memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Liu ◽  
Weichun Du ◽  
Chenyuan Zhao ◽  
Fengxia Su ◽  
Sixu Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Proactive Interference ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Controlled Processes ◽  
New Information

The “color superiority effect” was confirmed by the research of color on forgetting, which showed that proactive interference (PI) has less impact for colored items than gray ones. Color could directly affect the buildup of PI, leading to reduced levels of interference, or controlled processes that resolve PI. However, the effects of red and green on memory were inconsistent. Using Recent-Probes task, the current study explored how the red and green color influenced to the buildup phase (i.e., 200ms after the onset of probe) and resolution phase (i.e. 800ms after the onset of probe) of PI. Results revealed that the reaction times of green words were significantly shorter than the red words under 200ms. There were no significant differences between the red and green words under 500ms and 800ms. It indicated that green might shortened the reaction times for the PI buildup, while red prolonged it. However, on the resolution phase of PI, green words were less effective than red words. These findings offeredsome new information fortheunderlying mechanisms that modulate the interactions between colorand memory.

The spatial distribution of auditory attention in early blindness

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Elodie Lerens ◽  
Laurent Renier ◽  
Anne De Volder
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Target Detection ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Tone Frequency ◽  
Attention Task

Early blind people compensate for their lack of vision by developing superior abilities in the remaining senses such as audition (Collignon et al., 2006; Gougoux et al., 2004; Wan et al., 2010). Previous studies reported supra-normal abilities in auditory spatial attention, particularly for the localization of peripheral stimuli in comparison with frontal stimuli (Lessard et al., 1998; Röder et al., 1999). However, it is unknown whether this specific supra-normal ability extends to the non-spatial attention domain. Here we compared the performance of early blind subjects and sighted controls, who were blindfolded, during an auditory non-spatial attention task: target detection among distractors according to tone frequency. We paid a special attention to the potential effect of the sound source location, comparing the accuracy and speed in target detection in the peripheral and frontal space. Blind subjects displayed shorter reaction times than sighted controls for both peripheral and frontal stimuli. Moreover, in the two groups of subjects, we observed an interaction effect between the target location and the distractors location: the target was detected faster when its location was different from the location of the distractors. However, this effect was attenuated in early blind subjects and even cancelled in the condition with frontal targets and peripheral distractors. We conclude that early blind people compensate for the lack of vision by enhancing their ability to process auditory information but also by changing the spatial distribution of their auditory attention resources.

Hemispheric Differences in Simple Reaction Time to Auditory Stimuli of Different Frequencies

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Dick ◽  
Sidney Rosenberg ◽  
Eric Karp
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Hemispheric Differences ◽  
Tone Frequency ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Cerebral Asymmetries ◽  
The Right

To determine whether reaction time varies as a function of tone frequency and/or ear stimulated 27 adult subjects were presented with two two-tone series (1,000 Hz vs 2,500 Hz and 1,500 Hz vs 4,000 Hz) in a simple reaction-time paradigm. The analyses clearly indicated that the higher tone in each series and stimulation to the right ear resulted in significantly shorter reaction times. These results were interpreted as indicating that cerebral asymmetries are apparent in tasks and with stimuli that do not seem to require higher-order inferences regarding the functional organization of the cerebral hemispheres.

Ultrastructural identification of three types of sensory setae on copepod antennae

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 956-957
Author(s):  
T. M. Weatherby ◽  
P.H. Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Phase Locking ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
Dendritic Membrane ◽  
Ultrastructural Characterization

Crustaceans, as well as other arthropods, are covered with sensory setae and hairs, including mechanoand chemosensory sensillae with a ciliary origin. Calanoid copepods are small planktonic crustaceans forming a major link in marine food webs. In conjunction with behavioral and physiological studies of the antennae of calanoids, we undertook the ultrastructural characterization of sensory setae on the antennae of Pleuromamma xiphias.Distal mechanoreceptive setae exhibit exceptional behavioral and physiological performance characteristics: high sensitivity (<10 nm displacements), fast reaction times (<1 msec latency) and phase locking to high frequencies (1-2 kHz). Unusual structural features of the mechanoreceptors are likely to be related to their physiological sensitivity. These features include a large number (up to 3000) of microtubules in each sensory cell dendrite, arising from or anchored to electron dense rods associated with the ciliary basal body microtubule doublets. The microtubules are arranged in a regular array, with bridges between and within rows. These bundles of microtubules extend far into each mechanoreceptive seta and terminate in a staggered fashion along the dendritic membrane, contacting a large membrane surface area and providing a large potential site of mechanotransduction.

Factors Influencing Cognate Performance for Young Multilingual Children's Vocabulary: A Research Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2170-2188
Author(s):  
Lindsey R. Squires ◽  
Sara J. Ohlfest ◽  
Kristen E. Santoro ◽  
Jennifer L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Test Validity ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Word Characteristics ◽  
Study Inclusion ◽  
Task Level

Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to determine evidence of a cognate effect for young multilingual children (ages 3;0–8;11 [years;months], preschool to second grade) in terms of task-level and child-level factors that may influence cognate performance. Cognates are pairs of vocabulary words that share meaning with similar phonology and/or orthography in more than one language, such as rose – rosa (English–Spanish) or carrot – carotte (English–French). Despite the cognate advantage noted with older bilingual children and bilingual adults, there has been no systematic examination of the cognate research in young multilingual children. Method We conducted searches of multiple electronic databases and hand-searched article bibliographies for studies that examined young multilingual children's performance with cognates based on study inclusion criteria aligned to the research questions. Results The review yielded 16 articles. The majority of the studies (12/16, 75%) demonstrated a positive cognate effect for young multilingual children (measured in higher accuracy, faster reaction times, and doublet translation equivalents on cognates as compared to noncognates). However, not all bilingual children demonstrated a cognate effect. Both task-level factors (cognate definition, type of cognate task, word characteristics) and child-level factors (level of bilingualism, age) appear to influence young bilingual children's performance on cognates. Conclusions Contrary to early 1990s research, current researchers suggest that even young multilingual children may demonstrate sensitivity to cognate vocabulary words. Given the limits in study quality, more high-quality research is needed, particularly to address test validity in cognate assessments, to develop appropriate cognate definitions for children, and to refine word-level features. Only one study included a brief instruction prior to assessment, warranting cognate treatment studies as an area of future need. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12753179

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