Modelling desiccation sensitivity by integration of stress intensity and duration effects in flash-dried embryonic axes and zygotic embryos of recalcitrant seeds

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Subbiah ◽  
N.W. Pammenter ◽  
B. Varghese ◽  
Sershen
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Recalcitrant Seeds ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Desiccation Sensitivity

Desiccation tolerance in two species with recalcitrant seeds: Clausena lansium (Lour.) and Litchi chinensis (Sonn.)

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Fu ◽  
J. P. Jin ◽  
Y. F. Peng ◽  
Q. H. Xia
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Recalcitrant Seeds ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Desiccation Sensitivity ◽  
Days After Anthesis

AbstractSeeds were collected at weekly intervals from mid-maturation to the fully ripened stage. As seed development progressed, desiccation tolerance increased. Desiccation tolerance of C. lansium seeds was greatest at 67 days after anthesis (DAA), when they tolerated air drying for 9 days; 74 DAA was considered as physiological maturity, and their full viability was only maintained for up to 3 days of drying; overripened seeds (88 DAA) had the lowest desiccation tolerance. In L. chinensis, the desiccation sensitivity of seeds at 98 DAA (fully mature) was higher than that at 84 and 91 DAA (less mature); among the excised embryonic axes at different developmental stages, the less mature ones were less sensitive to desiccation than the fully mature ones; excised embryonic axes of the same stage were more tolerant of desiccation than whole seeds.

Uneven drying of zygotic embryos and embryonic axes of recalcitrant seeds: Challenges and considerations for cryopreservation

Cryobiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ballesteros ◽  
Sershen ◽  
Boby Varghese ◽  
Patricia Berjak ◽  
Norman W. Pammenter
Keyword(s):  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Recalcitrant Seeds ◽  
Embryonic Axes

Effects of developmental status and dehydration rate on characteristics of water and desiccation-sensitivity in recalcitrant seeds of Camellia sinensis

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Berjak ◽  
Christina W. Vertucci ◽  
N. W. Pammenter
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Freezable Water ◽  
Desiccation Sensitivity ◽  
Accumulation Phase ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
Water Contents

AbstractThe effect of rate of dehydration was assessed for embryonic axes from mature seeds of Camellia sinensis and the desiccation sensitivity of axes of different developmental stages was estimated using electrolyte leakage. Rapidly (flash) dried excised axes suffered desiccation damage at lower water contents (0.4 g H2O (g DW)−1) than axes dried more slowly in the whole seed (0.9 g H2O (g DW)−1). It is possible that flash drying of isolated axes imposes a stasis on deteriorative reactions that does not occur during slower dehydration. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the axes indicated that the enthalpy of the melting and the amount of non-freezable water were similar, irrespective of the drying rate.Very immature axes that had completed morphogenesis and histodifferentiation only were more sensitive to desiccation (damage at 0.7 g H2O (g DW)−1) than mature axes or axes that were in the growth and reserve accumulation phase (damage at 0.4 g H2O (g DW)−1). As axes developed from maturity to germination, their threshold desiccation sensitivity increased to a higher level (1.3−1.4 g H2O (g DW)−1). For the very immature axes, enthalpy of the melting of tissue water was much lower, and the level of non-freezable water considerably higher, than for any other developmental stage studied.There were no marked correlations between desiccation sensitivity and thermal properties of water. Desiccation sensitivity appears to be related more to the degree of metabolic activity evidenced by ultrastructural characteristics than to the physical properties of water.

scholarly journals Development of an Efficient ‘One-Step Freezing’ Cryopreservation Protocol for a Georgian Provenance of Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Zygotic Embryos

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1047-1054
Author(s):  
Mariam GAIDAMASHVILI ◽  
Eka KHURTSIDZE ◽  
Carla BENELLI ◽  
Maurizio LAMBARDI
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Fast Evaluation ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
One Step ◽  
Vitrification Solution ◽  
Pre Treatment

Experiments were performed to determine the influence of various dehydration and vitrification treatment times on the ‘one-step freezing’ cryopreservation of embryonic axes (EAs), composed of zygotic embryos and cotyledon residuals, from mature seeds of a Georgian provenance of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). Dehydration was carried out in laminar flow hood from 1 to 5 h, and vitrification experiments were carried out by immersion of EAs in PVS2 vitrification solution up to 120 min, both followed by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen. Both systems resulted in inducing specimen tolerance to ultra-rapid freezing, although to a different extent. Full germination of cryo-stored EAs after 5 h of dehydration (reducing moisture content from initial 66% to 21%) has been increased from 0% to 66.7%. A pre-treatment of EAs in PVS2 vitrification solution for 30 min produced fully developed plantlets at a rate of 55.6% in post-cryopreservation. Plantlet regrowth from cryopreservation was faster in EAs that underwent the dehydration/‘one-step freezing’ procedure. All the plantlet from cryopreserved EAs could be easily acclimatized, producing healthy potted plants. Finally, the TTC test showed to be useful for a fast evaluation of specimen survival after thawing and, as a consequence, to speed up the development of optimized cryo-protocols.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

Desiccation sensitivity of recalcitrant seeds—a study on tropical fruit species

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Normah ◽  
Saraswathy D. Ramiya ◽  
Mainah Gintangga
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Recalcitrant Seeds ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Desiccation Sensitivity

AbstractMangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.), rambai (Baccaurea motleyana Muell.- Arg.) and jelentik (Baccaurea polyneura Hook. f.) are tropical fruit species believed to have recalcitrant seeds. The seeds showed no dormancy; they germinated easily. At harvest, the mean moisture contents (fresh weight basis) were 53.54, 51.20 and 44.90% for G. mangostana, B. motleyana and B. polyneura, respectively. G. mangostana seeds lost viability when their moisture content fell to about 24% while B. motleyana seeds lost viability below 35.5% moisture content. However, for B. polyneura, the seeds could be dried to low moisture content with high survival. The viability was still high when the moisture content was reduced to 13.46%. At this moisture content, the percentage germination was 91.76% and it was found that the seeds survived cyopreservation with 8.3% viability. For B. motleyana axes, the loss of viability occurred when their moisture content fell to about 36% (15% viability with predominantly callus formation) while for B. polyneura axes, viability was reduced to 33-67% when the moisture was 27–30%. At various moisture contents, the seeds of the fruit species studied were exposed for 48 h to 7°C and −4°C. G. mangostana seeds did not survive either temperature. Baccaurea seeds survived 7°C but failed to survive −4°C. No axes from B. motleyana seeds at various moisture contents survived cryopreservation. However, some viability (20–30%) was observed in B. polyneura axes cryopreserved at a moisture content of about 27%. At this moisture content no normal growth was obtained; callus formation was observed. It appears that the seeds vary in the degree of desiccation sensitivity. They also vary in size. Seeds of G. mangostana are larger than Baccaurea seeds and thus, more sensitive to desiccation. Seed and embryonic axis structure may also play a role in desiccation sensitivity.

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