A comparison of the dynamics of secretion of human growth hormone and LH pulses

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. McIntosh ◽  
J. E. A. McIntosh ◽  
L. Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Hypothalamic Stimulation ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Stimulation Current

ABSTRACT Patterns of hypothalamic stimulation causing pituitary hormone release cannot be studied directly in humans; one possible approach is to make inferences from the nature of the response of the target organ as revealed by patterns of pituitary hormones in blood. Replicated, precise assay of LH in frequently sampled blood of women at differing stages of the menstrual cycle has demonstrated previously that secretion of this hormone is compatible with a model of discrete, instantaneous episodes of LH output, which are assumed to be stimulated by isolated bursts of increased stimulatory hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone. However, similarly detailed measurements of the dynamic secretion patterns of GH in women reported here, revealed much slower rates of increase of GH concentrations (median time to maximum concentration 38 min) in comparison with LH (13 min) assayed in the same blood samples. These rise rates of GH were uncorrelated with the final amplitude of the peak and were observably discontinuous in half the peaks. Simultaneous i.v. injection of a bolus of mixed GRF and GnRH produced similar dynamics of pituitary release of GH and LH. Thus differences in patterns of natural release of the two hormones appear to be contributed to by differences in the modes of hypothalamic stimulation. Current understanding of control of GH release in animal models suggests that the slow-rising, frequently discontinuous natural peaks of GH in human blood are likely to be caused by interaction between the withdrawal of inhibitory hypothalamic somatostatin and the increased secretion of stimulatory GRF. J. Endocr. (1988) 118, 339-345

A novel technique for measuring hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion rates from collection of pituitary venous effluent in the normal horse

1987 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. G. Irvine ◽  
S. L. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Normal Functional ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Secretion Rates

ABSTRACT We have described a novel technique for collecting pituitary venous effluent in the horse by placing a cannula in the intercavernous sinus close to the outlet of the pituitary veins using a venous pathway unique to equids. Cannula placement and blood collection are carried out painlessly in fully conscious, ambulatory, unstressed animals. There is no interference to hypothalamic, pituitary or target organ function. The blood collected contains readily measurable concentrations of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, and LH concentrations which can be up to 40 times those in concurrent peripheral blood samples. Four millilitre blood samples, a quantity which permits simultaneous measurement of many hypothalamic and pituitary hormones, can be collected at 2-min intervals for several days. Intercavernous sinus blood flow can be calculated allowing secretion rates of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones to be determined for any time-period. This model is uniquely useful for investigating the normal functional characteristics of several neuroendocrine and endocrine systems. J. Endocr. (1987) 113, 183–192

THE LIPID-MOBILIZING EFFECT OF SOME PITUITARY GLAND PREPARATIONS

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav Trygstad
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Human Pituitary Gland ◽  
Gland Extract

ABSTRACT Lipid-mobilizing effect has been observed for nearly all the accepted pituitary hormones and for several suggested pituitary 'lipotrophins'. Pituitary hormone preparations are usually not homogeneous, and even a highly purified ACTH (p.ACTH) contains less than 30 per cent pure adrenocorticotrophin. Crude ACTH (c.ACTH) was found to be 250 times more adipokinetic in rabbits than p.ACTH, indicating that this effect was mainly due to impurities. A lipid-mobilizing fraction (LMFr) was precipitated from a human pituitary gland extract before the preparation of growth hormone and crude gonadotrophins, whereby the adipokinetic effect of these preparations in the rabbit became negligible. Removal of LMFr gave an electrophoretically purified growth hormone with reduced molecular weight and an increased somatotrophic potency per unit weight in a radioimmunoassay system. Injection of the lipotrophic preparations into rabbits lowered the serum calcium level, and concentrations below 3 meq./l were observed, often accompanied by convulsions and in some instances by death. It is concluded that the adipokinetic and hypocalcaemic effects of c.ACTH, p.ACTH and the employed human growth hormone preparations in rabbits may be due to contaminations. It is suggested that the LMFr contains a human pituitary lipotrophic factor which may also be responsible for the hypocalcaemia observed in the rabbit.

PREPARATION OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE

1961 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. C. WALLACE ◽  
K. A. FERGUSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Epiphysial Cartilage ◽  
Diethylaminoethyl Cellulose ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

SUMMARY A simple method for the preparation of human growth hormone using chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose is described. Material prepared in this way, when assayed by growth of the tibial epiphysial cartilage in hypophysectomized rats, is at least as active as material prepared by published methods and is obtained in high yield. The only other anterior pituitary hormone activity present in any concentration is prolactin.

scholarly journals Anthropometric factors have significant influence on the outcome of the GHRH–arginine test: establishment of normative data for an automated immunoassay specifically measuring 22 kDa human growth hormone

2017 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Deutschbein ◽  
Martin Bidlingmaier ◽  
Jochen Schopohl ◽  
Christian J Strasburger ◽  
Stephan Petersenn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis ◽  
Adult Growth ◽  
Automated Immunoassay

Context Adult growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) is diagnosed by provocative testing of GH secretion. Objective To improve the diagnostic accuracy of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) plus arginine (GARG) testing, we evaluated the influence of age, BMI and sex and established normative data for an automatic immunoassay specifically measuring 22 kDa human GH. Design/setting Prospective multicenter study. Participants Eighty-seven patients with hypothalamic–pituitary disease and 200 healthy controls. Patients were classified according to the number of pituitary hormone deficiencies (PHD). GHD was assumed when ≥2 PHD (in addition to GH) were present (n = 51); 36 patients with <2 PHD were considered GH sufficient (GHS). ROC analysis identified cutoffs with ≥95% specificity for GHD. Controls were prospectively stratified for sex, age and BMI. Interventions All participants received GHRH and l-arginine. Main outcome measures GH was measured by immunoassay (iSYS, IDS). Results In controls, multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that BMI (21%, P < 0.0001), sex (20%, P < 0.0001) and age (5%, P < 0.001), accounted for 46% of GH peak level variability during GARG. Comparison of peak GH during GARG (GHD vs GHS + controls) revealed an overall cutoff of 3.9 ng/mL (sensitivity 86%, specificity 95%). After adjustment for BMI and sex, optimal cutoffs (male vs female) were 6.5 vs 9.7 ng/mL in lean, 3.5 vs 8.5 ng/mL in overweight and 2.2 vs 4.4 ng/mL in obese subjects respectively. Conclusion BMI and sex account for most of the variability of peak GH levels during GARG. Consequently, diagnostic accuracy of the GARG test is significantly improved by use of adjusted cutoffs.

scholarly journals Low FT4 Concentrations around the Start of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Treatment: Predictor of Congenital Structural Hypothalamic-Pituitary Abnormalities?

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura van Iersel ◽  
Hanneke M. van Santen ◽  
Gladys R.J. Zandwijken ◽  
Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala ◽  
Anita C.S. Hokken-Koelega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Treatment ◽  
Recombinant Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Central Hypothyroidism ◽  
Pituitary Disease

Background: Growth hormone (GH) treatment may unmask central hypothyroidism (CeH). This was first observed in children with GH deficiency (GHD), later also in adults with GHD due to acquired “organic” pituitary disease. We hypothesized that newly diagnosed CeH in children after starting GH treatment for nonacquired, apparent isolated GHD points to congenital “organic” pituitary disease. Methods: Nationwide, retrospective cohort study including all children with nonacquired GHD between 2001 and 2011 in The Netherlands. The prevalence of CeH, hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) abnormalities, and neonatal congenital hypothyroidism screening results were evaluated. Results: Twenty-three (6.3%) of 367 children with apparent isolated GHD were prescribed LT4 for presumed CeH within 2 years after starting GH treatment. Similarly to children already diagnosed with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, 75% of these 23 had structural HP abnormalities. In children not prescribed LT4, low pre- or post-GH treatment FT4 concentrations were also associated with structural HP abnormalities. Neonatal screening results of only 4 of the 23 children could be retrieved. Conclusion: In children with nonacquired, apparent isolated GHD, a diagnosis of CeH after, or a low FT4 concentration around the start of GH treatment, is associated with congenital structural HP abnormalities, i.e., “organic” pituitary disease. Neonatal values could not be judged reliably.

SUPPRESSION BY THYROTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (TRH) OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE INDUCED BY L-DOPA.

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Maeda ◽  
Yuzuru Kato ◽  
Kazuo Chihara ◽  
Shozo Ohgo ◽  
Yoshiko Iwasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Growth Hormone Release ◽  
Releasing Hormone

scholarly journals Identification of a Novel PROP1 Mutation in a Patient with Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency and Enlarged Pituitary

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Penta ◽  
Carla Bizzarri ◽  
Michela Panichi ◽  
Antonio Novelli ◽  
Francesca Romana Lepri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Familial Cases ◽  
Number Of Patients

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) can be present from the neonatal period to adulthood and can be the result of congenital or acquired insults. In addition, GHD can be classified into two types: isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) and combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). CPHD is a disorder characterized by impaired production of two or more anterior and/or posterior pituitary hormones. Many genes implicated in CPHD remain to be identified. Better genetic characterization will provide more information about the disorder and result in important genetic counselling because a number of patients with hypopituitarism represent familial cases. To date, PROP1 mutations represent the most common known genetic cause of CPHD both in sporadic and familial cases. We report a novel mutation in the PROP1 gene in an infant with CPHD and an enlarged pituitary gland. Close long-term follow-up will reveal other possible hormonal defects and pituitary involution.

Effects of ECT on Pituitary Hormone Release: Relationship to Seizure, Clinical Variables and Outcome

1983 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. W. Deakin ◽  
I. N. Ferrier ◽  
T. J. Crow ◽  
E. C. Johnstone ◽  
P. Lawler
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Endogenous Depression ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Tsh Secretion

SummaryProlactin, Cortisol, growth hormone and TSH serum levels (before and 15 minutes after treatment) were measured in 62 patients with endogenous depression randomly allocated to real or pseudo-ECT. Prolactin increased significantly more in those receiving real ECT than in those receiving pseudo-ECT, but the size of this effect had diminished by the time of the last (8th) treatment in the trial. Cortisol secretion was also significantly increased following the first treatment by real ECT, but this increase was of significantly smaller size in patients with delusions. Tolerance to the effects of ECT on Cortisol secretion was not observed. No effects of ECT on growth hormone or TSH secretion were detected, and no clear evidence was obtained that endocrine responses can be used as a predictor of response to ECT.

STIMULATION OF IMMUNOREACTIVE INSULIN AND HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE BY ADMINISTRATION OF ARGININE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Waldhäusl
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Arginine Hydrochloride ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Secretory Capacity

ABSTRACT The effect of arginine hydrochloride (30 g), given twice at 90 min intervals, on the release of immunoreactive insulin and of human growth hormone was studied in healthy subjects (HS), in diabetics without and with various degrees of retinopathy and in acromegalics. The insulinogenic index estimated by the ratio of μU IRI per ml/mg per 100 ml of blood glucose was maximal in HS after the first administration of arginine. It was highest in acromegalics and diminished in all the diabetic subjects. The release of human growth hormone as estimated by the mean sum of increments above the basal levels (x̄ + sem) during period I and II was 80.2±15 ng/ml and 59.0±18 ng/ml in HS (n = 7), 38±8.6 ng/ml and 36±16.3 ng/ml in diabetics without retinopathy (n = 9), 4.2±0.4 ng/ml and 19±7 ng/ml in insulin treated diabetics with retinopathy (n = 9), and 22.7±10.7 ng/ml and 46±10.5 ng/ml in orally treated diabetics with retinopathy (n = 7). Patients suffering from proliferative retinopathy (n = 9) exhibited values of 32.8±10.6 ng/ml during period I and 43.5±10.6 ng/ml during period II. The secretory response of HGH to arginine in acromegalics (n = 6) was not significant. The data reported suggest an impaired secretory capacity for the release of human growth hormone to the administration of arginine in patients with diabetic retinopathy. The observations do not support the hypothesis that an exaggerated release of HGH plays a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document