PATTERNS OF URINARY FSH EXCRETION DURING OVULATORY AND ANOVULATORY MENSTRUAL CYCLES

1968 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt H. Persson ◽  
William G. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Menstrual Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Anovulatory Cycle ◽  
Urinary Fsh

ABSTRACT The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and pregnanediol excretion were studied in 21 menstruating young females. Seventeen cycles showed evidence of ovulation and 4 cycles were anovulatory. The data were plotted using the menstrual period as the focus. The normal FSH excretion pattern showed two main peaks, one during menstruation and the other postovulatory. The fundamental difference in the two types of cycles was the absence of a FSH peak during menstruation in the anovulatory cycle. The clinical application and endocrine significance of these findings are discussed.

The use of heterologous radioimmunoassays for the measurement of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations in horse and donkey serum

1983 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Urwin
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Baseline Levels

Heterologous double-antibody radioimmunoassays were developed for the measurement of FSH and LH concentrations in the serum of both horses and donkeys. The FSH assay employed a rabbit anti-ovine FSH serum which showed a complete lack of cross-reaction with equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and negligible cross-reaction with equine LH. The LH assay utilized an antiserum raised against highly purified eCG. This similarly showed negligible cross-reaction with equine FSH but its high cross-reactivity with eCG prevented the measurement of equine LH concentrations in serum when eCG was also present. In both assays serial dilutions of horse and donkey serum were parallel to the standard. The assays were used to monitor changes in serum concentrations of FSH and LH during the first 100 days of pregnancy in pony mares and jenny donkeys. In both species during pregnancy LH levels reached a peak 1–2 days after ovulation. They then decreased rapidly to baseline levels where they remained until days 35–40 when the commencement of eCG production prevented their further measurement. Serum FSH concentrations, on the other hand, continued to fluctuate markedly throughout the first 100 days of pregnancy in both the ponies and donkeys. Pronounced surges in FSH levels occurred at regular intervals in some animals but the pattern of release was quite irregular in the others. The results of this study support the concept that it is continued pituitary FSH release, not eCG secretion, which is responsible for stimulating the secondary follicles which develop during early equine pregnancy. However, it appears likely that it is the LH-like activity of eCG which causes the subsequent ovulation and/or luteinization of these secondary follicles to produce accessory corpora lutea.

Endocrine and local testicular regulation

2011 ◽  
pp. 1347-1353
Author(s):  
Ilpo Huhtaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testicular Function ◽  
Cell Product ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The testis has two functions, androgen production and spermatogenesis, and a key role in their regulation is played by the two pituitary gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Other hormones and growth factors also influence testicular function, often by modulating the gonadotropin effects. Moreover, a plethora of local paracrine and autocrine signals within the testis are known. The main testicular hormone, testosterone, a Leydig cell product, regulates spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules in paracrine fashion. The other functions of testosterone are endocrine, occurring outside the testis. This chapter summarizes the main hormonal regulatory system of the testis, the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis, and how its effects are modulated by other extratesticular hormones and local testicular factors.

scholarly journals Gonadotropin Glycoforms Circulating in Women Using Progestins of the Levonorgestrel Family for Contraception

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Eriksson ◽  
Leif Wide
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Treatment Cycle ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Contraceptive Effect

Abstract Context The progestins of the levonorgestrel family are 13-ethylgonane progestins, commonly used for contraception in women. One contraceptive effect of these progestins is inhibition of ovulation, which may be a result of changes in gonadotropin glycosylation patterns. Gonadotropin glycoforms differ in number of glycans and bioactivity: more bioactive low-N-glycosylated glycoforms, diglycosylated luteinizing hormone (LHdi) and triglycosylated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSHtri), and less bioactive fully N-glycosylated glycoforms, LHtri and FSHtetra. Objective Characterize the glycosylation patterns on the circulating gonadotropin glycoforms in women using 13-ethylgonane progestins for contraception. Design, Subjects, Main Outcome Measures Serum samples, collected from 92 healthy women using 13-ethylgonane progestins for contraception, were included. Forty women used progestin-only continuously and 52 used progestins combined with ethinylestradiol (EE) for 3 weeks followed by a hormone-free week. Concentration, sulfonation, and sialylation of each glycoform were determined and compared with follicular phase values of normal menstrual cycles. Results The progestin-only group had significantly increased serum levels, decreased sulfonation, and increased sialylation of LHdi. The LHdi/FSHtri ratio was increased. The progestin+EE group had significantly decreased gonadotropin glycoform concentrations and decreased sialylation of FSHtri. The progestin+EE effect on sialylation of FSHtri occurred later during the treatment cycle in contrast to the effect on FSHtri concentration. Conclusions The 2 different progestin treatments induced different effects on the glycan synthesis and concentrations of more bioactive low-glycosylated gonadotropins. Progestin-only treatment increased sialylation and decreased sulfonation of LHdi molecules, contributing to sustained higher levels of bioactive LHdi molecules. Progestin+EE treatment decreased sialylation of FSHtri, contributing to a shorter half-life and decreased levels of bioactive FSHtri.

EFFECTS OF CASTRATION, AND TESTOSTERONE IN VITRO, ON THE HYPOTHALAMIC SYNTHESIS OF DIFFERENT PEPTIDE FRACTIONS

1975 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. MOGUILEVSKY ◽  
M. A. ENERO ◽  
B. SZWARCFARB ◽  
D. DOSORETZ
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Small Peptides ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Peptide Fractions

SUMMARY The incorporation of [3H]tyrosine ([3H]tyr) into different hypothalamic peptide fractions isolated from normal and castrated rats on a Sephadex G-25 column has been studied in vitro. Luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LH-RF) activity was determined in the different fractions by measuring their ability to elicit release of radioimmunoassayable luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in ovariectomized rats treated with oestrogen and progesterone. For further purification, the fraction with LH-RF activity was applied to a CM-Sephadex G-25 column eluted with a gradient of ammonium acetate. The large radioactive peptides emerged from the Sephadex G-25 column in fraction S-1, while the small peptides with LH-RF activity were eluted in fraction S-2. Gonadectomy significantly increased the incorporation of [3H]tyr into the peptides of fractions S-2. Only in the purified fraction with LH-RF activity was the radioactivity incorporated higher in gonadectomized than in normal rats. The enhanced incorporation in fraction CM-3 observed after castration implies an increase in the hypothalamic synthesis of peptides with LH-RF activity. The addition of testosterone (2 μg/ml) to the incubation medium of hypothalamus from gonadectomized rats, corrected these modifications. Gonadectomy decreased the incorporation of tyrosine into the large peptides, and incubation with testosterone corrected this change. The modifications in the incorporation of [3H]tyr into the large and small peptides produced by castration appear to indicate that gonadectomy, as well as stimulating the production of LH-RF, enhances the synthesis of other hypothalamic peptides while inhibiting the synthesis of proteins. On the other hand an increase in the breakdown of large peptides into small peptides cannot be excluded.

Profiles of selected hormones during menstrual cycles of teenage athletes

1981 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bonen ◽  
A. N. Belcastro ◽  
W. Y. Ling ◽  
A. A. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Menstrual Cycles

Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone (P), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha OHP), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and prolactin (HPr) were monitored for one complete menstrual cycle in teenage swimmers, a gynecologically age-matched control group, and a group of fertile adult women. The swimmers experienced anovulatory menstrual cycles. The time from the LH surge to the onset of menses ("luteal" phase) was very short in the swimmers (4.5 +/- 0.6 days) in comparison with the lengths of these phases in the adults (13.4 +/- 1.7 days; P less than 0.05) and in the control group (7.8 +/- 3.0 days; P less than 0.05). In the follicular phase the swimmers' LH concentration was elevated and their FSH concentration was depressed in comparison with each of the other groups (P less than 0.05). Luteal phase FHS, P, E2, and 17 alpha OHP were also lower in the swimmers (P less than 0.05), as was HPr (0.05 greater than P less than 0.10). Gonadotropin concentrations and luteal phase P concentrations were not different (P greater than 0.05) in the adults and the control group. The present findings indicate that the corpora lutea in the swimmers were not functioning properly. It is likely that the swimmers' strenuous daily 2-4 h training regimen is implicated.

OESTROGEN SYNTHESIS IN RAT OVARIES IN VITRO: EFFECTS OF ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS GONADOTROPHINS

1972 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRENDA ROBINSON ◽  
R. E. OAKEY
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ovarian Vein ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY The rate of synthesis of [14C]oestrone and [14C]oestradiol-17β from [14C]testosterone in vitro by ovaries from rats at different stages of the oestrous cycle was measured. The rate of [14C]oestrogen synthesis was highest in ovaries taken from rats in pro-oestrus and lowest in ovaries taken from rats early in the dioestrous phase of the cycle. Rates of synthesis in ovaries obtained from rats in the late dioestrous stage were intermediate between the rates of the other groups. The rates of [14C]oestrogen synthesis at these periods of the cycle paralleled the concentrations of oestrogens in ovarian vein plasma reported by other authors. Gonadotrophin preparations with either luteinizing hormone activity or both follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone activities had no effect on [14C]oestrogen synthesis by rat ovaries in vitro at any of these stages of the oestrous cycle.

FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN SERUM DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE DETERMINED BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY

1968 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin L. Taymor ◽  
Toshihiro Aono ◽  
Carolyn Pheteplace
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT The serum levels of FSH and LH were determined in 11 normal menstrual cycles by radioimmunoassay. The results of LH assay demonstrated a consistent pattern with a sharp 3 to 4 fold increase occurring on the average 13.9 days before the next menses. The changes in FSH levels during the cycle were neither as marked nor as consistent. Three distinct patterns seemed to emerge. However, the mean levels of FSH from the 11 cycles demonstrated a significant high level 12 days before, a low level 1 day before and another rise 1 day after the midcycle peak of LH.

Effects of age on the irregularity of LH and FSH serum concentrations in women and men

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (5) ◽  
pp. E989-E995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Pincus ◽  
Johannes D. Veldhuis ◽  
Thomas Mulligan ◽  
Ali Iranmanesh ◽  
William S. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Clinical Marker ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Model Independent

We evaluated an apparent distinction between follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) dynamics: visually, it appears that the pattern of serum concentrations of FSH is more irregular than that of LH in younger human females. We studied healthy humans, with LH and FSH serum samples obtained every 10 min for 24 h. Three groups were studied: 24 young females [8 early follicular (EFol), 8 late follicular (LFol), and 8 midluteal (MLut)]; 8 postmenopausal females; and 17 males 21–79 yr of age. To quantify serial irregularity, we utilized approximate entropy (ApEn), a scale- and model-independent statistic. For young females, FSH was consistently more irregular than LH per subject: among the younger subjects, ApEn(FSH) − ApEn(LH) = 0.342 ± 0.270; ApEn(FSH) > ApEn(LH), P < 0.00001; ApEn(FSH) > ApEn(LH) for 23 of 24 subjects. For each cycle stage, pairwise ApEn(FSH) > ApEn(LH): P < 0.005 for both LFol and MLut, P < 0.01 for EFol. Notably, for the postmenopausal women, the irregularity difference vanished: ApEn(FSH) − ApEn(LH) = 0.008 ± 0.205. Males exhibited qualitatively similar results: ApEn(FSH) − ApEn(LH) was significantly and negatively correlated with age ( r = −0.75, P = 0.0006). The capability to quantify (the extent of) differences between FSH and LH release, beyond the general 1:1 correspondence between primary LH and FSH pulses, suggests a means to assess bihormonal changes as a clinical marker of altered reproductive status in a variety of settings, e.g., a perimenopausal milieu. Mechanistically, the erosion of unequal FSH-LH regularity with age is consistent with a loss of synchrony control within the integrated hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis.

PURIFICATION AND SEPARATION OF FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) FROM HUMAN POSTMENOPAUSAL GONADOTROPHIN (HMG)

1966 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Donini ◽  
D. Puzzuoli ◽  
I. D'Alessio ◽  
B. Lunenfeld ◽  
Aliza Eshkol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Urinary Fsh ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT Results of this study indicate that some methods for purification and separation of urinary FSH and LH are available and that different grades of separation of the two hormones can be achieved depending on the purity of the starting material used. The most potent FSH fraction with the highest FSH/LH ratio was obtained with chromatography on DEAE-C column, followed twice by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Nevertheless all the FSH fractions reported are more or less contaminated by luteinizing hormone.

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