Does Each Menstrual Cycle Elicit a Distinct Effect on Olfactory and Gustatory Perception?

The obesity pandemic has brought forth a scientific interest in food intake and sensory perception interactions. Olfactory perception and gustatory perception are very complex and under the influence of many factors, including the menstrual cycle. This study aims to clarify conflicting findings on the influence of the menstrual cycle on olfactory and gustatory perception. Women were assessed during four consecutive phases of one complete cycle (mid-follicular, ovulatory, mid-luteal, and late luteal phases (N = 21)), in contrast to women measured across the same phases belonging to two menstrual cycles (N = 29). Additional control groups were men (N = 17), postmenopausal women (N = 14), oral contraceptive users (N = 10), and women with an anovulatory cycle (N = 8). Olfactory threshold, odor discrimination, and identification were tested using the “Sniffin Sticks“ test kit. Suprathreshold intensity and hedonic ratings for sweet, salty, sour, and bitter solutions were assessed. One-way ANOVA and ANOVA for repeated measurements was applied in the analysis, along with linear and trigonometric data fitting and linear mixed models. Linear increases in olfactory discrimination, identification, and overall olfactory performance were observed only in women followed across a complete menstrual cycle. Compared to other groups, these women displayed a cyclic pattern characterized by a predilection for sweet solution; reduced distaste for salty and sour solutions; and increased intensity perception of salty, sour, and bitter solutions towards the end of the cycle. These results suggest that a distinct hormonal milieu of a complete menstrual cycle may be affecting both olfactory and gustatory perception.

PATTERN OF CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF HYPERPLOLACTINEMIA AMONG INFERTILE PATIENTS

INTRODUCTION– The prevalence of hyperprolactinemia ranges from 0.4% in unselected normal adult females to as high as 9%–17% in females with reproductive health disorders.The etiology of hyperprolactinemia maybe pathological, physiological or pharmacological Drugs that stimulate the hypothalamic dopamine system and/or pituitary or dopamine receptors can cause elevated prolactin.Clinical features of hyperprolactinemia include menstrual disturbances (Oligo-amenorrhea, amenorrhea and irregular menses), anovulation, infertility galactorrhea or a combination of the above symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHOD- This is a retrospective of 88 Infertile females with documented Hyperprolectinimea.The clinical data and infertility workup (Hormonal profile, Imaging report and other tests)were obtained from gynaecological OPD. RESULTS- In this study the maximum number 54 (61.36%) of patientswere in the 21-25 years of age group,65 (73.86%) of patients were of normal weight and 20 (22.72%) of patients were overweight only 3 (3.40%) were obese In this study,the maximum number 60(68.18%)of patients were in primary infertility and 85 (96.59%) of patients had in mild rise in the prolactin level group. In this study, most of the patients 27 (30.68%) of patients were presented with complaints of oligomenorrheaand followed by Amenorrhea 21 (23.86%).Galactorrhea was found in 25(28.40%) patients after clinical examinations,both amenorrhea and galactorrhea were seen in20(22.72%)of the patients. Hypothyroidism was present in 13 (14.77%) of patients. CONCLUSION– Anovulatory cycle, Luteal face defect and sex hormonal imbalance caused by hyperprolactinemia results in infertility.Prolactin may stop ovulation and cause amenorrhea, in less severe cases Intermittent ovulation or ovulation that takes a long time to occur causes infrequent or irregular periods.that's why estimation of serum prolactin should be done at an early stage of an infertility workup. In our study, the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia and hypothyroidism was found very high which emphasize the importance of estimating TSH and Prolactin in infertility.In our study Oligomonorrhea,amenorrhea and galactorrhea are the commonest presentations in hyperprolactinemia.Proper Diagnosis and treatment results in an improvement in symptoms and an increase in conception rates in infertile patients.

EFFECT OF STIMULIN-VET ON THE COWS PREGNANCY CONSOLIDATION AFTER INSEMINATION

Improving the reproductive performance of cattle is one of the main tasks in livestock. Numerous stressors, high productivity, poor feeding, improper conditions of care and operation cause hormonal changes in the system "hypothalamus-pituitary-ovaries" of females, which negatively affects reproduction. As a result, farms do not receive a certain amount of offspring and milk, and in the future - an increase in the infertility rate of uterine cattle. In cows after calving at the initial stage of lactation, the trophic function of the pituitary gland is more aimed at ensuring the secretion of milk than at restoring the cyclic activity of the ovaries. Therefore, to correct the reproductive capacity of cows use: feed additives, hormonal drugs, trace elements, physiotherapy methods and more. There are a small number of studies on the effects of biologically active drugs with neurohumoral action on the reproductive function of cows. The aim of our research was to establish the effects of biologically active substances of the neurotropic-metabolic drug "Stimulin-Cattle" on the reproductive capacity of cows. The studies were conducted on the basis of groups of analogues. The experiment selected cows after the first insemination and females who came back to sexual hunting. Experimental animals on day 7 - 9 of the sexual cycle were injected subcutaneously in the scapular region with 20 ml of the drug "Stimulin-Vet", and control according to the same scheme saline sodium chloride solution 0.9%. Cows were inseminated once by recto-cervical method. Three months later, rectal examinations of the animals were performed to determine pregnancy. The analysis of the obtained results showed that in experimental cows the fertility exceeded the control by 15.4 %. In the experimental group, 56.4 % came to sexual hunting again, and in the control group 71.8 %. Among 22 non-pregnant experimental cows, the cause of infertility in 63.6 % of animals was the anovulatory cycle, and in 36.4 % embryonic mortality. Whereas in the control of animals with anovulatory cycle was less by 42.2 %, and with embryonic mortality by the same percentage is probably higher. This situation with infertile animals suggests that the drug stimulates the development of the corpus luteum on the ovary, which promotes the secretion of more progesterone, which causes better conditions for embryo engraftment and thus reduces embryonic mortality. It was also found that animals after the first insemination react worse to the introduction of the drug than those who were inseminated for the first time, which confirms the level of fertility of 41.7 % vs. 46.7 %, respectively.

Role of Phala Ghruta Uttarabasti in the management of female infertility w.s.r to follicular study

Background: Streevandhyatva or Female Infertility is a Gynaecological disorder. The etiological factors include the defect in the immature Sperm and Ovum during the fertile period. Incidence rate according to W.H.O is 20-30% is primary while 70-80% of cases are secondary Infertility. Now a day’s maximum number of Female Infertility is due to sedentary lifestyle, Psychological factors, Nutritional deficiency and Stress leads to different condition like PCOD, Obesity, Irregular Menstrual cycle and anovulatory cycle etc. The present study was carried out as a pilot study on 10 subjects of female infertility with the use of Phalagruta Uttarabasti followed by Prakshalana and Pichudharana. Three to five consecutive cycles of Phalagruta Uttarabasti was administered, Posology - Uttarabasti with Phalagruta 5ml daily for 3 days. Diagnostic criteria - Patients are diagnosed based on signs and symptoms like anovulation, PCOD etc., before and after treatment with USG. Results - Among 10 patients, 4 patients - Well response, 2 patients - Improved with follicular study, 3 patients - Poor responded, 1 Patient discontinued the study.

Clinical pattern and presentation of abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a very common debilitating gynecological condition among women of the reproductive age group. This diagnosis is given to women in whom no clear etiology is identified. It can occur in ovulatory and anovulatory cycle. It influences the physical, emotional, sexual and professional life of a woman. This study was carried out to evaluate the clinical profile of abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 350 patients who were clinically diagnosed with AUB for a period of one year from April 2018 to March 2019. Patients with uterine polyp, adenomyosis, Leiomyoma, malignancies and with various coagulopathies were excluded from the study by physical examination, ultrasound, histopathology and blood test. The remaining 280 patients between the ages 20-60 years were selected for clinical classification of AUB.Results: Majority of the participants were in the age group of 41-50 years (60%). AUB is most commonly seen in multiparous women (48.92%). The prominent bleeding pattern seen was menorrhagia (52.2%).Conclusions: Menorrhagia is the most common form of AUB and there is a need to prevent the consequences of menorrhagia by way of creating awareness among the women, and by early diagnosis and clinical management of complications.

Ayurvedic Management of Infertility W.S.R. Anovulation: A Case Study

Patient was anxious to conceive after active married life of 5 years. The present case study was done to evaluate the role of Ayurvedic Shodhana therapy i.e. Yogabasti for two consecutive menstrual cycles in the management of anovulation. After completing two courses of Yogabasti, improvement was noticed i.e. Ovulation study (during treatment - anovulatory cycle, After treatment - ovulatory cycle). The line of treatment was followed in this case was to treat the provoked Vata Dosha and vitiated Rasa Dhatu. There were no adverse effects found during the Ayurvedic Panchakarma procedure i.e. Yogabasti. Keywords: Anovulation, Panchakarma, Shodhana, Yogabasti

Study on Causes of Female Infertility at National Ayurveda Teaching Hospital, Borella, Sri Lanka: A Survey Based Study

Background: Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after at least one year of unprotected intercourse. It is a complex disorder with significant medical, psychosocial, and economic problems. In about one third of couples are infertile. Approximately 167 million married women aged 15-49 years in developing countries were infertility. The present study aimed to determine the most common causes of female infertility in patients who visiting the National Ayuvedic Teaching Hospital, Borella, Sri Lanka. Methods: In this study 635 infertile (primary and secondary) women were selected to determine the causes of infertility. The subjects were selected from the gynecology clinic, between the periods of February 2015 to March 2016. The data were gathered using a questionnaire; and after that proper statistical method was applied to analyze the data. Results: From the results age between 28-37 years (37.16%) are more prevalent to infertility and the causes of infertility are mainly due to anovulatory cycle (31.18%) and menstrual irregularities (19.21%). BMI also one of the significant cause for infertility. Conclusion: Therefore, identifying the risk factors and proper treatment on time along with policy makers providing facilities to resolve the infertility could possible diverse this alarming increasing trend of infertility.