Pre-puberal plasma luteinizing hormone concentrations and progesterone concentrations during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in Galway and Fingalway female lambs

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Quirke ◽  
J. P. Gosling
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Female Sheep

ABSTRACTTwenty-four young female sheep, 12 Galways and 12 Fingalways, were used to study the effects of breed and level of nutrition on pre-puberal plasma luteinizing hormone and progesterone concentrations throughout the oestrous cycle and during the first 35 days of pregnancy. The sheep were spring-born and were housed at the end of July when they weighed approx. 34 kg. Equal numbers of animals from each breed were fed on a concentrate diet either ad libitum or at a restricted level that was slightly above their estimated maintenance requirements. The Fingalways reached puberty 1 month earlier than the Galways (11 October ±4 days v. 10 November ±5 days). The restricted animals tended (P < 0·10) to reach puberty later than those fed ad libitum (1 November ±5 days v. 20 October ±4 days). Breed differences in the mean level of plasma progesterone on any day of the oestrous cycle were not significant. The mean daily plasma progesterone concentration was similar for the animals on the two planes of nutrition throughout the cycle, with the exception of day 11 when those fed ad libitum had a significantly higher level (P < 0·01). Plasma progesterone levels in the pregnant females between 5 and 35 days post mating were generally higher in Fingalways than in Galways and were not influenced by plane of nutrition. Plasma luteinizing hormone levels tended to be higher, during the 7 weeks before puberty, in Fingalways than in Galways and in animals fed ad libitum than in those on the restricted level of feeding.

Characteristics of oestrous cycles and plasma progesterone profiles of young female sheep during their first breeding season

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Hare ◽  
M. J. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Normal Length ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Cycles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Female Sheep

ABSTRACTPatterns of oestrous cycle activity in the first breeding season were studied in 30 Suffolk × Mule ewe lambs, Twenty-eight reached puberty and the mean date of first oestrus was 27 November (s.d. 13·6 days). Mean live weight at first oestrus was 37·7 (s.d. 3·63) kg. The mean number of oestrous cycles was 3·3 (s.d. 1·6), 0·92 (65) being normal length single cycles (14 to 19 days), 0·03 (2) long single cycles (20 to 26 days) and 0·05 (4) multiple cycles (> 26 days).Plasma progesterone profiles before and after the breeding season were studied in 10 randomly selected animals. All showed profiles suggesting one or two silent ovulations preceding the first oestrus but none showed any indication of silent ovulations following the last oestrus.Plasma progesterone profiles were also studied on the four animals showing multiple cycles and on the two animals that did not reach puberty. These suggested that, in all four animals showing multiple cycles, one or two silent ovulations had occurred between the two overt oestrous periods. Of the two animals that did not reach puberty, one showed three abnormal silent cycles and the other showed no change in progesterone concentration from a low basal level.

Studies of the oestrous cycle, oestrus and pregnancy in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Johnston ◽  
MR McGowan ◽  
P O'Callaghan ◽  
R Cox ◽  
V Nicolson
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

As an integral part of the development of an artificial insemination programme in the captive koala, female reproductive physiology and behaviour were studied. The oestrous cycle in non-mated and mated koalas was characterized by means of behavioural oestrus, morphology of external genitalia and changes in the peripheral plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progestogen. The mean (+/- SEM) duration of the non-mated oestrous cycle and duration of oestrus in 12 koalas was 32.9 +/- 1.1 (n = 22) and 10.3 +/- 0.9 (n = 24) days, respectively. Although the commencement of oestrous behaviour was associated with increasing or high concentrations of oestradiol, there were no consistent changes in the morphology or appearance of the clitoris, pericloacal region, pouch or mammary teats that could be used to characterize the non-mated cycle. As progestogen concentrations remained at basal values throughout the interoestrous period, non-mated cycles were considered non-luteal and presumed anovulatory. After mating of the 12 koalas, six females gave birth with a mean (+/- SEM) gestation of 34.8 +/- 0.3 days, whereas the remaining six non-parturient females returned to oestrus 49.5 +/- 1. 0 days later. After mating, oestrous behaviour ceased and the progestogen profile showed a significant increase in both pregnant and non-parturient females, indicating that a luteal phase had been induced by the physical act of mating. Progestogen concentrations throughout the luteal phase of the pregnant females were significantly higher than those of non-parturient females. Parturition was associated with a decreasing concentration of progestogen, which was increased above that of basal concentrations until 7 days post partum.

Pattern of plasma progesterone, oestradiol-17β, luteinizing hormone and androgen in non-pregnant buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Arora ◽  
R. S. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Androgen Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Domestic buffaloes were used to characterize the pattern of progesterone, oestradiol-17β, LH and androgen in the systemic circulation following infertile insemination. Concentrations of hormones were measured by RIA in blood samples collected daily or at alternate days following insemination. The concentration of progesterone was lowest on the day of insemination, and increased significantly to a peak level of 4.00 ± 0.60 ng/ml by day 13 post insemination. After day 17, it declined significantly (P < 0.01) to reach low levels by day 21. The concentration of oestradiol-17β was high at the time of insemination and declined significantly (P < 0.01) by day 2 after insemination. It was maintained around the basal level till day 18 with minor peaks in between this period. It again rose significantly (P < 0.01) at subsequent oestrus. The mean level of LH was highest at the time of insemination, and declined significantly (P < 0.01) by day 1 post insemination. It did not vary appreciably till the animal returned to oestrus. The oestrous value of LH and progesterone were negatively correlated (r = −0.77). The androgen level was observed to be high at insemination in 3 out of 5 animals, but the overall pattern of this steroid was inconsistent during the period studied. A high concentration of androgen was recorded in all the animals from day 2–5 before the onset of oestrus.

LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) AND PROGESTERONE IN PLASMA AND LH AND OESTROGENS IN URINE DURING 42 NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLES

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elof D. B. Johansson ◽  
Leif Wide ◽  
Carl Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Peak

ABSTRACT The plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone and the urinary excretion of LH and oestrogens were measured during the normal menstrual cycle of 22 young and healthy women. A total of 42 cycles were investigated. The urinary excretion of total oestrogens increased during several days before the rise of LH in the urine. The day of maximum excretion of LH and total oestrogens coincided during the midcycle period. The mid-cyclic rise in LH was found to occur on the same day in the plasma and urine and the days of maximum values coincided in 11 out of 16 cycles. In 5 cycles the maximum level was reached one day later in the urine. The plasma levels of progesterone started to increase during the LH and oestrogen peaks. The days for maximum levels of progesterone coincided with the second peak of urinary oestrogens. The levels of progesterone in the plasma reached values above 10 ng per ml in all normal cycles. The plasma levels of progesterone were below 1 ng per ml plasma when menstrual bleeding started. The length of the luteal phase was 14.4 ± 1.1 (s) days. The sum of daily urinary excretion of total oestrogens and the sum of the daily plasma progesterone levels varied within 15 per cent of the mean in five out of six women studied during more than two cycles. The variation in values for the sums of daily oestrogen excretion and plasma progesterone levels was considerably larger between menstrual cycles of different women than between menstrual cycles of the same woman.

A compartmental model describing changes in progesterone concentrations during the oestrous cycle

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Meier ◽  
John R Roche ◽  
Eric S Kolver ◽  
Ray C Boston
Keyword(s):  
Compartmental Model ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Common Shape

The objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model that accurately describes the rise and decline in plasma progesterone concentrations, and is able to define parameters describing progesterone appearance and disappearance during the bovine oestrous cycle. Daily plasma progesterone data from 27 cows were used to develop a compartmental model consisting of an appearance function and an appearance modulating function. Model outputs included an apparent appearance or secretion duration, appearance rate and an average disappearance rate (expressed as arbitrary units per day; units/d). Shape-based clustering identified three common shape-based groups (or clusters) of progesterone profiles defined as either ‘peaked’ profile, with the profile reaching a distinguishable peak, 'structured', with the profile exhibiting a wave-like pattern, or ‘flat top’, with the profile reaching a plateau. Differences in the model parameters for the three different shapes of progesterone profiles were examined: peaked (n=13), flat top (n=7) and structured (n=7). The mean duration of apparent appearance was 11·49 (sd 0·17 d) for all 27 profiles. The model estimates for total appearance of progesterone (area under the curve; ng/ml per cycle), mean appearance rate and maximum appearance rate were 69·04 ng/ml per cycle (sd 15·2 ng/ml per cycle), 3·19 ng/ml per cycle (sd 0·7 ng/ml per d) and 6·70 ng/ml (sd 1·31 ng/ml), respectively. The average disappearance rate was 1·0 units/d (sd 0·04 units/d). The apparent appearance duration was greatest (P<0·01) in the flat top profiles (12·54, sd 0·41 d) followed by the structured (11·77, sd 0·66 d) and the peaked (10·80, sd 0·30 d) profiles. Total and mean progesterone appearance, maximum progesterone appearance rate, and the progesterone disappearance rates were not different between the profiles. The model successfully simulated all components of the progesterone profile and was able to define specific parameters of different shaped progesterone profiles. A simple model able to estimate parameters describing progesterone appearance and disappearance can be used to explore the relationships between profile shapes and reproductive outcomes.

Plasma progesterone concentrations from before puberty to after parturition in British Friesian heifers reared on high planes of nutrition and inseminated at their first oestrus

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Shotton ◽  
J. H. B. Roy ◽  
G. S. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Small Peak ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACTFive autumn-born British Friesian heifers were given a high-fat milk substitute ad libitum to 12 weeks of age followed by skim milk ad libitum to 20 weeks of age and were weaned at 26 weeks of age (Treatment 1). Nine heifers were offered the high-fat milk substitute to 8 weeks of age and were weaned at 12 weeks of age (Treatment 2). First oestrus was detected by a study of cervical secretions and plasma progesterone concentrations.Heifers on Treatment 1 were significantly heavier at 12 weeks of age, but there was no difference between treatments in the mean age or weight of the heifers at first oestrus. Ten heifers conceived at their first or second oestrus (Group A) and four heifers required four to nine inseminations to establish pregnancy (Group B).Age at first oestrus was inversely related to pre-pubertal progesterone concentrations, which tended to be higher in Group B heifers. All heifers showed a small peak in progesterone concentration before first oestrus, the height being significantly greater in Group B than in group A heifers.Progesterone concentrations in cycles preceding a successful insemination tended to be lower in the 2 days before oestrus. Progesterone concentrations during pregnancy were significantly lower for the Group B heifers, and were significantly lower for all heifers during the middle 4 months of gestation than during the preceding or succeeding 2 months, with a marked dip at 140 to 160 days of gestation. Post-partum basal progesterone concentrations did not differ from prepubertal concentrations; small peaks of progesterone tended to occur before the first oestrus post partum.

Effects of ovulation status and stage of oestrous cycle on plasma progesterone concentrations in cattle with or without a history of twin calvings

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Morris ◽  
A. M. Day ◽  
A. J. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Breeding Experiment ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
Group Effects

ABSTRACTPlasma progesterone concentrations were measured over two collection periods from two groups of mature non-pregnant cows involved in a twin-breeding experiment. One group (T) consisted of cows obtained from private herds after having produced at least two sets of twins each; the other was a control group of similar ages and breeds. Yearling heifers from the same breeding experiment were also included. The mean progesterone concentration from cows in the T group was proportionally 0·83 of the value in control cows and the cow group effects were consistent in direction for samples obtained after single or double ovulations. Results were also consistent in early oestrous cycle (days 3 to 7, oestrus = day 0), mid cycle (days 8 to 13) but not late cycle (days 14 to 18). Concentrations were significantly higher in yearling heifers than in control cows. There was a trend for higher progesterone concentrations after double than after single ovulations assessed by rectal palpation, but differences were not significant.

CONCENTRATION OF OESTRADIOL, PROGESTERONE, LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE IN THE JUGULAR VENOUS PLASMA OF EWES DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE

1977 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. PANT ◽  
C. R. N. HOPKINSON ◽  
R. J. FITZPATRICK
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Ovarian Steroids ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Distinct Increase ◽  
Venous Plasma

SUMMARY Changes in the concentrations of ovarian steroids and pituitary gonadotrophins were measured by radioimmunoassay in the jugular plasma of six Clun Forest ewes throughout the oestrous cycle. The concentration of oestradiol began to rise 12–14 h before the onset of oestrus from values of 11·2 ± 0·36 (s.e.m.) pg/ml during the luteal phase to 21·1 ± 2·01 pg/ml at −8 to 0 h (oestrus). There was no distinct increase during the luteal phase. Circulating progesterone varied in a cyclic manner with the highest values at the mid-luteal phase (3·70 ± 0·28 ng/ml; n = 28). In five out of six ewes the concentration was still quite high (1·86 ± 0·43 ng/ml) at 35 h before the onset of oestrus. The concentration declined rapidly thereafter, reaching minimum values about 12 h before oestrus coincident with the increase in oestradiol concentration. Plasma LH increased from very low values of 2·59 ± 0·09 ng/ml during the luteal phase to 75·3 ± 7·4 ng/ml about 9 h after the onset of oestrus. Two peaks of plasma FSH concentration were detected after the onset of oestrus. The first peak (171·0± 35·5 ng/ml) coincided with the LH peak and the second (133·0 ± 10·7 ng/ml) occurred about 24 h later at a time when LH values were low. The mean FSH concentration at other times during the cycle was 61·9 ± 2·8 ng/ml.

scholarly journals Secretory Patterns of Leptin and Luteinizing Hormone in Food-Restricted Young Female Sheep

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGIO E RECABARREN ◽  
ALEJANDRO LOBOS ◽  
VERÓNICA TORRES ◽  
ROBERTO OYARZO ◽  
TERESA SIR-PETERMANN
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Sheep

EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF 0.1 mg OF NORETHINDRONE ON THE PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE AND ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND TOTAL OESTROGENS

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Larsson-Cohn ◽  
Elof D. B. Johansson ◽  
Leif Wide ◽  
Carl Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Daily Treatment ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Daily determinations of the plasma level of progesterone and the urinary excretion of LH and oestrogens were performed in four women during one control cycle followed by three months of daily treatment with 0.1 mg of norethindrone. According to the plasma progesterone pattern, all four women seemed to ovulate during their control cycle. Two women became pregnant during their second cycle of treatment. During treatment all four women showed an atypical LH pattern without any distinct midcycle peak. The mean LH excretion during treatment was not significantly different from the mean level of follicular phase of normal cycles. The oestrogens and progesterone levels were within normal ranges. It is concluded that during treatment with 0.1 mg of norethindrone daily an apparently normal pregnancy may occur in spite of a different LH excretion pattern.

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