Atrial natriuretic polypeptide during exercise in healthy man

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Saito ◽  
Kazuwa Nakao ◽  
Akira Sugawara ◽  
Kazunobu Nishimura ◽  
Makoto Sakamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Polypeptide ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Abstract. The plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic polypeptide was measured in eight healthy men during two grades of exercise performed in the supine position on a bicycle ergometer. The plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic polypeptide slightly increased during the first exercise test with 20% of the maximal oxygen uptake and it approximately doubled during the second exercise with 40% of the maximal oxygen uptake (from 15.5 ± 5.5 (mean ± sd) pmol/l to 31.8 ± 10.7 pmol/l). The increase in the plasma level of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in the second exercise was significantly greater than that in the first one. The plasma norepinephrine level and plasma renin activity showed significant increases during the second exercise test. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure also increased in response to the graded exercise. The increase in the plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic polypeptide during exercise was significantly correlated with the increase in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and the plasma norepinephrine concentration (r = 0.75, r = 0.71 and r = 0.51, respectively). These results indicate that the plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic polypeptide increases in response to the intensity of a workload, and suggest that exercise is a useful test to evaluate the releasing function of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in the heart.

Effect of heavy exercise on spectral baroreflex sensitivity, heart rate, and blood pressure variability in well-trained humans

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (3) ◽  
pp. H1150-H1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Cottin ◽  
Claire Médigue ◽  
Yves Papelier
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mechanical Effect ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters

The aim of the study was to assess the instantaneous spectral components of heart rate variability (HRV) and systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) and determine the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency baroreflex sensitivity (HF-BRS) during a graded maximal exercise test. The first hypothesis was that the hyperpnea elicited by heavy exercise could entail a significant increase in HF-SBPV by mechanical effect once the first and second ventilatory thresholds (VTs) were exceeded. It was secondly hypothesized that vagal tone progressively withdrawing with increasing load, HF-BRS could decrease during the exercise test. Fifteen well-trained subjects participated in this study. Electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure, and gas exchanges were recorded during a cycloergometer test. Ventilatory equivalents were computed from gas exchange parameters to assess VTs. Spectral analysis was applied on cardiovascular series to compute RR and systolic blood pressure power spectral densities, cross-spectral coherence, gain, and α index of BRS. Three exercise intensity stages were compared: below (A1), between (A2), and above (A3) VTs. From A1 to A3, both HF-SBPV (A1: 45 ± 6, A2: 65 ± 10, and A3: 120 ± 23 mm2Hg, P < 0.001) and HF-HRV increased (A1: 20 ± 5, A2: 23 ± 8, and A3:40 ± 11 ms2, P < 0.02), maintaining HF-BRS (gain, A1: 0.68 ± 0.12, A2: 0.63 ± 0.08, and A3: 0.57 ± 0.09; α index, A1: 0.58 ± 0.08, A2: 0.48 ± 0.06, and A3: 0.50 ± 0.09 ms/mmHg, not significant). However, LF-BRS decreased (gain, A1: 0.39 ± 0.06, A2: 0.17 ± 0.02, and A3: 0.11 ± 0.01, P < 0.001; α index, A1: 0.46 ± 0.07, A2: 0.20 ± 0.02, and A3: 0.14 ± 0.01 ms/mmHg, P < 0.001). As expected, once VTs were exceeded, hyperpnea induced a marked increase in both HF-HRV and HF-SBPV. However, this concomitant increase allowed the maintenance of HF-BRS, presumably by a mechanoelectric feedback mechanism.

Differentiation of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor-mediated effects in humans

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
pp. H199-H206
Author(s):  
O. E. Brodde ◽  
A. Daul ◽  
A. Wellstein ◽  
D. Palm ◽  
M. C. Michel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Exercise ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Adrenoceptor Antagonist ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Ici 118,551 ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Induced Changes

To differentiate beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor-mediated effects in humans, we studied the effects of a 2-wk treatment of 12 male volunteers with the selective beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist bisoprolol (1 x 10 mg/day) and the beta 2-selective antagonist ICI 118,551 (3 x 25 mg/day) on lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor density and responsiveness [10 microM l-isoproterenol (IPN) evoked adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) increase] as well as on exercise- and IPN-induced changes in lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor density, blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma norepinephrine levels. ICI 118,551 administration increased lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor density and responsiveness by approximately 50%, whereas bisoprolol had no effect. Dynamic exercise on a bicycle and infusion of graded doses of IPN led to an approximately 100% increase in lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor density; this was abolished by ICI 118,551 but not affected by bisoprolol. ICI 118,551 markedly attenuated IPN-induced decrease in diastolic blood pressure but did not affect increase in systolic blood pressure, whereas bisoprolol had opposite effects. The IPN-induced increase in heart rate, however, was antagonized by both bisoprolol and (to a greater extent) ICI 118,551. Finally, ICI 118,551 completely abolished the IPN-induced increase in plasma norepinephrine levels, whereas bisoprolol had no effect. These results indicate that bisoprolol and ICI 118,551 are suitable tools to differentiate in humans beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor-mediated effects.

scholarly journals Heart rate and systolic blood pressure response during the early exercise test and cardiovascular mortality after myocardial infarction

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamilė Bloznelienė ◽  
Remigijus Žaliūnas ◽  
Julija Braždžionytė ◽  
Regina Grybauskienė ◽  
Mindaugas Bloznelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Early Exercise ◽  
Combined Use

Exercise cardiography still remains the cornerstone of noninvasive evaluation of functional status of cardiovascular system and is almost uniformly performed after myocardial infarction. The patients after myocardial infarction can be divided into relative high- and low-risk groups for subsequent cardiac events if all information available on the exercise test is used. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the shape of heart rate and systolic blood pressure curves (their dynamic characteristics) during the early exercise testing and after it and to design the prognostic system capable to recognize patients with a high risk of coronary death during 2 years after myocardial infarction. Material and methods. The submaximal exercise testing within 3 weeks of acute myocardial infarction was performed on 894 patients. Cases of noncardiac deaths or patients subjected to coronary bypass surgery were excluded from the further analysis. At the end of 2 years after myocardial infarction, there were 426 survivors and 42 cases of cardiac death. At 2-year follow-up after infarction in the nonsurvivor group, there were only 42.2% of patients with exercise-induced ST segment depression. This shows that prognostic importance of ST depression is insufficient and demands research of more consistent signs. Results. The cardiovascular response to exercise was interpreted as transiting process of self-regulation of cardiovascular system, and the new predictive signs were found based on the curves of heart rate and systolic blood pressure during the exercise and after it. The prognostic value of these signs was established. The combined use of both the new predictive signs and usual data of early exercise test shows the high predictive possibility of test – the early cardiac death was predicted in 80% of cases. Conclusion. The combined use of both, the widely accepted data of early exercise test after myocardial infarction and dynamic characteristics of heart rate and systolic blood pressure, increased the predictive power of the test.

scholarly journals Estimation of energy expenditure of Nordic walking: a crossover trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sora Baek ◽  
Yuncheol Ha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Limb Muscles

Abstract Background Nordic walking (NW) requires more energy compared with conventional walking (W). However, the metabolic equation for NW has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize responses in oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and surface electromyography of the upper and lower limb muscles during NW and W and develop a metabolic equation for energy expenditure (E, mL·kg− 1·min− 1) of NW. Methods This study was performed in a randomized, controlled, crossover design to test the energy expenditure during NW and W. Fifteen healthy young men were enrolled (aged 23.7 ± 3.0 years). All participants performed two randomly ordered walking tests (NW and W) on a treadmill at a predetermined stepwise incremental walking speed (3–5 km·h− 1) and grade (0–7%). The oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and surface electromyography signals of the three upper limb muscles and three lower limb muscles in their right body were recorded and compared between NW and W using paired-t test. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to draw estimation of E during W and NW. Results Oxygen uptake (+ 15.8%), minute ventilation (+ 17.0%), heart rate (+ 8.4%), and systolic blood pressure (+ 7.7%) were higher in NW than in W (P < .05). NW resulted in increased muscle activity in all of the upper limb muscles (P < .05). In the lower limb, surface electromyography activities in two of the three lower limb muscles were increased in NW than in W only during level walking (P < .05). Energy expenditure during W and NW was estimated as follows: ENW = 6.1 + 0.09 × speed + 1.19 × speed × grade and EW = 4.4 + 0.09 × speed + 1.20 × speed × grade. Conclusion NW showed higher work intensity than W, with an oxygen consumption difference of 1.7 mL·kg− 1·min− 1. The coefficients were not different between the two walking methods. NW involved more muscles of the upper body than W.

scholarly journals Microneurographic characterization of sympathetic responses during 1-leg exercise in young and middle-aged humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine F. Notarius ◽  
Philip J. Millar ◽  
Connor J. Doherty ◽  
Anthony V. Incognito ◽  
Nobuhiko Haruki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Burst Frequency ◽  
Leg Cycling ◽  
Leg Exercise

Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) at rest increases with age. However, the influence of age on MSNA recorded during dynamic leg exercise is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that aging attenuates the sympatho-inhibitory response observed in young subjects performing mild to moderate 1-leg cycling. After predetermining peak oxygen uptake, we compared contra-lateral fibular nerve MSNA during 2 min each of mild (unloaded) and moderate (30%–40% of the work rate at peak oxygen uptake, halved for single leg) 1-leg cycling in 18 young (age, 23 ± 1 years (mean ± SE)) and 18 middle-aged (age, 57 ± 2 years) sex-matched healthy subjects. Mean height, weight, resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and percent predicted peak oxygen uptake were similar between groups. Middle-aged subjects had higher resting MSNA burst frequency and incidence (P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.04). During moderate 1-leg cycling, older subjects’ systolic blood pressure increased more (+21 ± 5 vs. +10 ± 1 mm Hg; P = 0.02) and their fall in MSNA burst incidence was amplified (−19 ± 2 vs. −11 ± 2 bursts/100 heart beats; P = 0.01) but because heart rate rose less (+15 ± 3 vs. +19 ± 2 bpm; P = 0.03), exercise induced similar reductions in burst frequency (P = 0.25). Contrary to our initial hypothesis, with advancing age, mild- to moderate-intensity dynamic leg exercise elicits a greater rise in systolic blood pressure and a larger fall in MSNA.

scholarly journals Estimation of Energy Expenditure of Nordic Walking: A Crossover Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sora Baek ◽  
Yuncheol Ha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Limb Muscles

Abstract Background: Nordic walking (NW) requires more energy compared with conventional walking (W). However, the metabolic equation for NW has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize responses in oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and surface electromyography of the upper and lower limb muscles during NW and W and develop a metabolic equation for energy expenditure (E, mL·kg-1·min-1) of NW.Methods: This study was performed in a randomized, controlled, crossover design to test the energy expenditure during NW and W. Fifteen healthy young men were enrolled (aged 23.7 ± 3.0 years). All participants performed two randomly ordered walking tests (NW and W) on a treadmill at a predetermined stepwise incremental walking speed (3–5 km·h-1) and grade (0%–7%). The oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and surface electromyography signals of the three upper limb muscles and three lower limb muscles in their right body were recorded and compared between NW and W using paired-t test. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to draw estimation of E during W and NW.Results: Oxygen uptake (+15.8%), minute ventilation (+17.0%), heart rate (+8.4%), and systolic blood pressure (+7.7%) were higher in NW than in W (P<.05). NW resulted in increased muscle activity in all of the upper limb muscles (P<.05). In the lower limb, surface electromyography activities in two of the three lower limb muscles were increased in NW than in W only during level walking (P<.05). Energy expenditure during W and NW was estimated as follows: ENW = 6.1 + 0.09 × speed + 1.19 × speed × grade and EW = 4.4 + 0.09 × speed + 1.20 × speed × grade.Conclusion: NW showed higher work intensity than W, with an oxygen consumption difference of 1.7 mL·kg-1·min-1. The coefficients were not different between the two walking methods. NW involved more muscles of the upper body than W.

scholarly journals Estimation of Energy Expenditure of Nordic Walking: A Crossover Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sora Baek ◽  
Yuncheol Ha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Limb Muscles

Abstract Background: Nordic walking (NW) requires more energy compared with conventional walking (W). However, the metabolic equation for NW has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize responses in oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and surface electromyography of the upper and lower limb muscles during NW and W and develop a metabolic equation for energy expenditure (E, mL·kg-1·min-1) of NW.Methods: This study was performed in a randomized, controlled, crossover design to test the energy expenditure during NW and W. Fifteen healthy young men were enrolled (aged 23.7 ± 3.0 years). All participants performed two randomly ordered walking tests (NW and W) on a treadmill at a predetermined stepwise incremental walking speed (3–5 km·h-1) and grade (0%–7%). The oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and surface electromyography signals of the three upper limb muscles and three lower limb muscles in their right body were recorded and compared between NW and W using paired-t test. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to draw estimation of E during W and NW.Results: Oxygen uptake (+15.8%), minute ventilation (+17.0%), heart rate (+8.4%), and systolic blood pressure (+7.7%) were higher in NW than in W (P<.05). NW resulted in increased muscle activity in all of the upper limb muscles (P<.05). In the lower limb, surface electromyography activities in two of the three lower limb muscles were increased in NW than in W only during level walking (P<.05). Energy expenditure during W and NW was estimated as follows: ENW = 6.1 + 0.09 × speed + 1.19 × speed × grade and EW = 4.4 + 0.09 × speed + 1.20 × speed × grade.Conclusion: NW showed higher work intensity than W, with an oxygen consumption difference of 1.7 mL·kg-1·min-1. The coefficients were not different between the two walking methods. NW involved more muscles of the upper body than W.

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