scholarly journals Estimation of energy expenditure of Nordic walking: a crossover trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sora Baek ◽  
Yuncheol Ha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Limb Muscles

Abstract Background Nordic walking (NW) requires more energy compared with conventional walking (W). However, the metabolic equation for NW has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize responses in oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and surface electromyography of the upper and lower limb muscles during NW and W and develop a metabolic equation for energy expenditure (E, mL·kg− 1·min− 1) of NW. Methods This study was performed in a randomized, controlled, crossover design to test the energy expenditure during NW and W. Fifteen healthy young men were enrolled (aged 23.7 ± 3.0 years). All participants performed two randomly ordered walking tests (NW and W) on a treadmill at a predetermined stepwise incremental walking speed (3–5 km·h− 1) and grade (0–7%). The oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and surface electromyography signals of the three upper limb muscles and three lower limb muscles in their right body were recorded and compared between NW and W using paired-t test. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to draw estimation of E during W and NW. Results Oxygen uptake (+ 15.8%), minute ventilation (+ 17.0%), heart rate (+ 8.4%), and systolic blood pressure (+ 7.7%) were higher in NW than in W (P < .05). NW resulted in increased muscle activity in all of the upper limb muscles (P < .05). In the lower limb, surface electromyography activities in two of the three lower limb muscles were increased in NW than in W only during level walking (P < .05). Energy expenditure during W and NW was estimated as follows: ENW = 6.1 + 0.09 × speed + 1.19 × speed × grade and EW = 4.4 + 0.09 × speed + 1.20 × speed × grade. Conclusion NW showed higher work intensity than W, with an oxygen consumption difference of 1.7 mL·kg− 1·min− 1. The coefficients were not different between the two walking methods. NW involved more muscles of the upper body than W.

scholarly journals Estimation of Energy Expenditure of Nordic Walking: A Crossover Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sora Baek ◽  
Yuncheol Ha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Limb Muscles

Abstract Background: Nordic walking (NW) requires more energy compared with conventional walking (W). However, the metabolic equation for NW has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize responses in oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and surface electromyography of the upper and lower limb muscles during NW and W and develop a metabolic equation for energy expenditure (E, mL·kg-1·min-1) of NW.Methods: This study was performed in a randomized, controlled, crossover design to test the energy expenditure during NW and W. Fifteen healthy young men were enrolled (aged 23.7 ± 3.0 years). All participants performed two randomly ordered walking tests (NW and W) on a treadmill at a predetermined stepwise incremental walking speed (3–5 km·h-1) and grade (0%–7%). The oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and surface electromyography signals of the three upper limb muscles and three lower limb muscles in their right body were recorded and compared between NW and W using paired-t test. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to draw estimation of E during W and NW.Results: Oxygen uptake (+15.8%), minute ventilation (+17.0%), heart rate (+8.4%), and systolic blood pressure (+7.7%) were higher in NW than in W (P<.05). NW resulted in increased muscle activity in all of the upper limb muscles (P<.05). In the lower limb, surface electromyography activities in two of the three lower limb muscles were increased in NW than in W only during level walking (P<.05). Energy expenditure during W and NW was estimated as follows: ENW = 6.1 + 0.09 × speed + 1.19 × speed × grade and EW = 4.4 + 0.09 × speed + 1.20 × speed × grade.Conclusion: NW showed higher work intensity than W, with an oxygen consumption difference of 1.7 mL·kg-1·min-1. The coefficients were not different between the two walking methods. NW involved more muscles of the upper body than W.

scholarly journals Estimation of Energy Expenditure of Nordic Walking: A Crossover Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sora Baek ◽  
Yuncheol Ha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Limb Muscles

Abstract Background: Nordic walking (NW) requires more energy compared with conventional walking (W). However, the metabolic equation for NW has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize responses in oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and surface electromyography of the upper and lower limb muscles during NW and W and develop a metabolic equation for energy expenditure (E, mL·kg-1·min-1) of NW.Methods: This study was performed in a randomized, controlled, crossover design to test the energy expenditure during NW and W. Fifteen healthy young men were enrolled (aged 23.7 ± 3.0 years). All participants performed two randomly ordered walking tests (NW and W) on a treadmill at a predetermined stepwise incremental walking speed (3–5 km·h-1) and grade (0%–7%). The oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and surface electromyography signals of the three upper limb muscles and three lower limb muscles in their right body were recorded and compared between NW and W using paired-t test. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to draw estimation of E during W and NW.Results: Oxygen uptake (+15.8%), minute ventilation (+17.0%), heart rate (+8.4%), and systolic blood pressure (+7.7%) were higher in NW than in W (P<.05). NW resulted in increased muscle activity in all of the upper limb muscles (P<.05). In the lower limb, surface electromyography activities in two of the three lower limb muscles were increased in NW than in W only during level walking (P<.05). Energy expenditure during W and NW was estimated as follows: ENW = 6.1 + 0.09 × speed + 1.19 × speed × grade and EW = 4.4 + 0.09 × speed + 1.20 × speed × grade.Conclusion: NW showed higher work intensity than W, with an oxygen consumption difference of 1.7 mL·kg-1·min-1. The coefficients were not different between the two walking methods. NW involved more muscles of the upper body than W.

scholarly journals Estimation of Energy Expenditure of Nordic Walking: A Crossover Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sora Baek ◽  
Yuncheol Ha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Nordic Walking ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
Speed Grade

Abstract Background: Nordic walking (NW) requires more energy compared with conventional walking (W). However, the metabolic equation for NW has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize responses in oxygen uptake (V̇O2), minute ventilation (V̇E), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and surface electromyography (sEMG) of the upper and lower limb muscles during NW and W and to develop a metabolic equation for energy expenditure (E) of NW.Methods: Fifty healthy young men constituted our sample (aged 23.7 ± 3.0 years). Two randomly assigned walking tests (NW and W) on a treadmill at a predetermined stepwise incremental walking speed (3–5 km·h-1) and grade (0%–7%). The V̇O2, V̇E, HR, and SBP were measured. The sEMG signals of the three upper limb muscles and three lower limb muscles in their right body were recorded. Linear regression analysis was used to draw estimation of EE during W and NW.Results: V̇O2 (+15.8%), V̇E (+17.0%), RR (+18.2%), HR (+8.4%), and SBP (+7.7%) were higher in NW than in W. NW resulted in increased muscle activity in all of the upper limb muscles (P<.05). In the lower limb, sEMG activities in two of the three lower limb muscles were increased in NW than in W only during level walking (P<.05). EE during W and NW was estimated as follows: EW = 4.4 + 0.09 × speed + 1.20 × speed × grade; ENW = 6.1 + 0.09 × speed + 1.19 × speed × grade.Conclusion: NW showed higher work intensity than W, with an oxygen consumption difference of 1.7 mL·kg-1·min-1. The coefficients were not different between the two walking methods. NW involved more muscles of the upper body than W.

scholarly journals Microneurographic characterization of sympathetic responses during 1-leg exercise in young and middle-aged humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine F. Notarius ◽  
Philip J. Millar ◽  
Connor J. Doherty ◽  
Anthony V. Incognito ◽  
Nobuhiko Haruki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Burst Frequency ◽  
Leg Cycling ◽  
Leg Exercise

Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) at rest increases with age. However, the influence of age on MSNA recorded during dynamic leg exercise is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that aging attenuates the sympatho-inhibitory response observed in young subjects performing mild to moderate 1-leg cycling. After predetermining peak oxygen uptake, we compared contra-lateral fibular nerve MSNA during 2 min each of mild (unloaded) and moderate (30%–40% of the work rate at peak oxygen uptake, halved for single leg) 1-leg cycling in 18 young (age, 23 ± 1 years (mean ± SE)) and 18 middle-aged (age, 57 ± 2 years) sex-matched healthy subjects. Mean height, weight, resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and percent predicted peak oxygen uptake were similar between groups. Middle-aged subjects had higher resting MSNA burst frequency and incidence (P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.04). During moderate 1-leg cycling, older subjects’ systolic blood pressure increased more (+21 ± 5 vs. +10 ± 1 mm Hg; P = 0.02) and their fall in MSNA burst incidence was amplified (−19 ± 2 vs. −11 ± 2 bursts/100 heart beats; P = 0.01) but because heart rate rose less (+15 ± 3 vs. +19 ± 2 bpm; P = 0.03), exercise induced similar reductions in burst frequency (P = 0.25). Contrary to our initial hypothesis, with advancing age, mild- to moderate-intensity dynamic leg exercise elicits a greater rise in systolic blood pressure and a larger fall in MSNA.

scholarly journals Increase in epinephrine-induced responsiveness during microgravity simulated by head-down bed rest in humans

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1614-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Barbe ◽  
J. Galitzky ◽  
C. Thalamas ◽  
D. Langin ◽  
M. Lafontan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Spectral Variability ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids

The epinephrine (Epi)-induced effects on the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and metabolic functions were studied in men before and during a decrease in SNS activity achieved through simulated microgravity. Epi was infused at 3 graded rates (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 μg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1for 40 min each) before and on the fifth day of head-down bed rest (HDBR). The effects of Epi on the SNS (assessed by plasma norepinephrine levels and spectral analysis of systolic blood pressure and heart rate variability), on plasma levels of glycerol, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose and insulin, and on energy expenditure were evaluated. HDBR decreased urinary norepinephrine excretion (28.1 ± 4.2 vs. 51.5 ± 9.1 μg/24 h) and spectral variability of systolic blood pressure in the midfrequency range (16.3 ± 1.9 vs. 24.5 ± 0.9 normalized units). Epi increased norepinephrine plasma levels ( P < 0.01) and spectral variability of systolic blood pressure ( P < 0.009) during, but not before, HDBR. No modification of Epi-induced changes in heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were observed during HDBR. Epi increased plasma glucose, insulin, and NEFA levels before and during HDBR. During HDBR, the Epi-induced increase in plasma glycerol and lactate levels was more pronounced than before HDBR ( P < 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively). Epi-induced energy expenditure was higher during HDBR ( P < 0.02). Our data suggest that the increased effects of Epi during simulated microgravity could be related to both the increased SNS response to Epi infusion and/or to the β-adrenergic receptor sensitization of end organs, particularly in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle.

Atrial natriuretic polypeptide during exercise in healthy man

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Saito ◽  
Kazuwa Nakao ◽  
Akira Sugawara ◽  
Kazunobu Nishimura ◽  
Makoto Sakamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Polypeptide ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Abstract. The plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic polypeptide was measured in eight healthy men during two grades of exercise performed in the supine position on a bicycle ergometer. The plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic polypeptide slightly increased during the first exercise test with 20% of the maximal oxygen uptake and it approximately doubled during the second exercise with 40% of the maximal oxygen uptake (from 15.5 ± 5.5 (mean ± sd) pmol/l to 31.8 ± 10.7 pmol/l). The increase in the plasma level of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in the second exercise was significantly greater than that in the first one. The plasma norepinephrine level and plasma renin activity showed significant increases during the second exercise test. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure also increased in response to the graded exercise. The increase in the plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic polypeptide during exercise was significantly correlated with the increase in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and the plasma norepinephrine concentration (r = 0.75, r = 0.71 and r = 0.51, respectively). These results indicate that the plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic polypeptide increases in response to the intensity of a workload, and suggest that exercise is a useful test to evaluate the releasing function of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in the heart.

scholarly journals Association between Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Arterial Stiffness in Children with Congenital Heart Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3266
Author(s):  
Laura Willinger ◽  
Leon Brudy ◽  
Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz ◽  
Peter Ewert ◽  
Jan Müller
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Objectively Measured

Background: The association between physical activity (PA) and arterial stiffness is particularly important in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) who are at risk for arterial stiffening. The aim of this study was to examine the association between objectively measured PA and arterial stiffness in children and adolescents with CHD. Methods: In 387 children and adolescents with various CHD (12.2 ± 3.3 years; 162 girls) moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was assessed with the “Garmin vivofit jr.” for 7 consecutive days. Arterial stiffness parameters including pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) were non-invasively assessed by oscillometric measurement via Mobil-O-Graph®. Results: MVPA was not associated with PWV (ß = −0.025, p = 0.446) and cSBP (ß = −0.020, p = 0.552) in children with CHD after adjusting for age, sex, BMI z-score, peripheral systolic blood pressure, heart rate and hypertensive agents. Children with CHD were remarkably active with 80% of the study population reaching the WHO recommendation of average 60 min of MVPA per day. Arterial stiffness did not differ between low-active and high-active CHD group after adjusting for age, sex, BMI z-score, peripheral systolic blood pressure, heart rate and hypertensive agents (PWV: F = 0.530, p = 0.467; cSBP: F = 0.843, p = 0.359). Conclusion: In this active cohort, no association between PA and arterial stiffness was found. Longer exposure to the respective risk factors of physical inactivity might be necessary to determine an impact of PA on the vascular system.

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