scholarly journals Abdominal adipocyte populations in women with visceral obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 174 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréanne Michaud ◽  
Sofia Laforest ◽  
Mélissa Pelletier ◽  
Mélanie Nadeau ◽  
Serge Simard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Visceral Adipose

BackgroundVisceral obesity is independently related to numerous cardiometabolic alterations, with adipose tissue dysfunction as a central feature.ObjectiveTo examine whether omental (OM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipocyte size populations in women relate to visceral obesity, cardiometabolic risk factors and adipocyte lipolysis independent of total adiposity.Design and methodsOM and SC fat samples were obtained during gynecological surgery in 60 women (mean age, 46.1±5.9 years; mean BMI, 27.1±4.5 kg/m2(range, 20.3–41.1 kg/m2)). Fresh samples were treated with osmium tetroxide and were analyzed with a Multisizer Coulter. Cell size distributions were computed for each sample with exponential and Gaussian function fits.ResultsComputed tomography-measured visceral fat accumulation was the best predictor of larger cell populations as well as the percentage of small cells in both OM and SC fat (P<0.0001 for all). Accordingly, women with visceral obesity had larger cells in the main population and higher proportion of small adipocytes independent of total adiposity (P≤0.05). Using linear regression analysis, we found that women characterized by larger-than-predicted adipocytes in either OM or SC adipose tissue presented higher visceral adipose tissue area, increased percentage of small cells and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index as well as higher OM adipocyte isoproterenol-, forskolin- and dbcAMP-stimulated lipolysis compared to women with smaller-than-predicted adipocytes, independent of total adiposity (P≤0.05).ConclusionExcess visceral adipose tissue accumulation is a strong marker of both adipocyte hypertrophy and increased number of small cells in either fat compartment, which relates to higher insulin resistance index and lipolytic response, independent of total adiposity.

scholarly journals Elevated serum uric acid is a facilitating mechanism for insulin resistance mediated accumulation of visceral adipose tissue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Fernández-Chirino ◽  
Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa ◽  
Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez ◽  
Paloma Almeda-Valdés ◽  
Donají Gómez-Velasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Visceral Adipose

BACKGROUND: Serum uric acid (SUA) has a relationship with cardiometabolic conditions such as insulin resistance (IR) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation. Here, we aimed to clarify the nature of this relationship and the underlying causality mechanism. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study comprising 8,504 subjects joining both NHANES 2003-2004 and 2011-2012 cycles and ENSANUT Medio Camino 2016. We performed mixed effects linear regression models using HOMA2-IR, adipoIR, and METS-VF as indicators of IR and VAT accumulation. Furthermore, we performed mediation analyses to assess a potential causal mechanism and ROC curves to establish cut-off points for identification of IR and visceral obesity using SUA. Finally, with an additional dataset comprised of 226 subjects with both euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements for IR and VAT accumulation, we performed a network of confirmatory mediation analyses. RESULTS:We found that SUA has a mediating role inside the bidirectional relationship between IR and visceral obesity, and it is part of an underlying causality mechanism which includes adiponectin. The proportion of the mechanism mediated by SUA is greater when stated that IR (in either peripheral or adipose tissue) leads to VAT accumulation (14.90%[13.20%-17.00%] and 15.54%[13.61% - 18.00%] to 4.88%[3.06%-7.00%] and 8.13%[5.91% - 10.00%]) instead of the opposite direction. This result was confirmed by mediation analyses using gold-standard measurements. CONCLUSIONS:Elevated SUA acts as mediator inside the bidirectional relationship between IR andVAT accumulation. Its role appears to be larger when considering adipose tissue IR as the promoter for VAT accumulation.

scholarly journals Resveratrol Attenuates Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Macrophage Migration to Visceral White Adipose Tissue and Insulin Resistance in Male Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Carreras ◽  
Shelley X. L. Zhang ◽  
Isaac Almendros ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Eduard Peris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Phosphorylated Akt ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Chronic intermittent hypoxia during sleep (IH), as occurs in sleep apnea, promotes systemic insulin resistance. Resveratrol (Resv) has been reported to ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. To examine the effect of Resv on IH-induced metabolic dysfunction, male mice were subjected to IH or room air conditions for 8 weeks and treated with either Resv or vehicle (Veh). Fasting plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and leptin were obtained, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index levels were calculated, and insulin sensitivity tests (phosphorylated AKT [also known as protein kinase B]/total AKT) were performed in 2 visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT) depots (epididymal [Epi] and mesenteric [Mes]) along with flow cytometry assessments for VWAT macrophages and phenotypes (M1 and M2). IH-Veh and IH-Resv mice showed initial reductions in food intake with later recovery, with resultant lower body weights after 8 weeks but with IH-Resv showing better increases in body weight vs IH-Veh. IH-Veh and IH-Resv mice exhibited lower fasting glucose levels, but only IH-Veh had increased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index vs all 3 other groups. Leptin levels were preserved in IH-Veh but were significantly lower in IH-Resv. Reduced VWAT phosphorylated-AKT/AKT responses to insulin emerged in both Mes and Epi in IH-Veh but normalized in IH-Resv. Increases total macrophage counts and in M1 to M2 ratios occurred in IH-Veh Mes and Epi compared all other 3 groups. Thus, Resv ameliorates food intake and weight gain during IH exposures and markedly attenuates VWAT inflammation and insulin resistance, thereby providing a potentially useful adjunctive therapy for metabolic morbidity in the context of sleep apnea.

scholarly journals Elevated Serum Uric Acid Is a Facilitating Mechanism for Insulin Resistance Mediated Accumulation of Visceral Adipose Tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A44-A45
Author(s):  
Luisa Fernandez-Chirino ◽  
Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa ◽  
Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla ◽  
Paloma Almeda-Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Background: Serum uric acid (SUA) is related to cardiometabolic conditions such as insulin resistance (IR) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation, which have a thoroughly explored bidirectional relationship. Here, we aimed to clarify the nature of the role uric acid plays inside this relationship, alongside the underlying causality mechanism. Methods: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study comprising 8,504 subjects from a joint cohort composed from both NHANES 2003–2004 and 2011–2012 cycles and ENSANUT Medio Camino 2016. We performed mixed effects linear regression models using HOMA2-IR, adipoIR, and METS-VF as indicators of both peripheral and adipose tissue IR and VAT accumulation, indicating the subject’s cohort of origin as a random effect. Furthermore, we performed multiple mediation analyses to assess a potential causal mechanism and ROC curves to establish cut-off points for identification of IR and visceral obesity using SUA. Finally, with an additional dataset comprised of 226 subjects with both euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements for IR and VAT accumulation, we performed a network of confirmatory mediation analyses including adiponectin measurements. Results: We found that SUA has a mediating role inside the bidirectional relationship between IR and visceral obesity, and it is part of an underlying causality mechanism which includes adiponectin. The proportion of the mechanism mediated by SUA is greater when stated that IR (in either peripheral or adipose tissue) leads to VAT accumulation (14.90%[13.20%-17.00%] and 15.54%[13.61%-18.00%]) instead of the opposite direction (4.88%[3.06%-7.00%] and 8.13%[5.91%-10.00%]). This result was strengthened by a mediation analysis network using the gold-standard measurements where we observed that the joint effect of SUA and adiponectin mediated 16.32% [8.84%-26.00%] for the effect of IR and VAT accumulation and 12.52% [3.23%-23.00%] in the opposite direction. Cut-off points for SUA to predict peripheral IR were 6.1 mg/dL and 4.8 mg/dL, for males and females respectively. For visceral obesity, cut-offs were 6.4 mg/dL and 4.8 mg/dL for males and females. SUA had a high negative predictive value for all assessments. Conclusions: Elevated SUA acts as mediator inside the bidirectional relationship between IR and VAT accumulation. Its role appears to be larger when considering adipose tissue IR as the promoter for VAT accumulation.

scholarly journals Association of Region‐Specific Cardiac Adiposity With Dysglycemia and New‐Onset Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo‐Tzu Sung ◽  
Jen‐Yuan Kuo ◽  
Chun‐Ho Yun ◽  
Yueh‐Hung Lin ◽  
Jui‐Peng Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Periaortic Fat ◽  
New Onset

Background Visceral adipose tissue is assumed to be an important indicator for insulin resistance and diabetes beyond overweight/obesity. We hypothesized that region‐specific visceral adipose tissue may regulate differential biological effects for new‐onset diabetes regardless of overall obesity. Methods and Results We quantified various visceral adipose tissue measures, including epicardial adipose tissue, paracardial adipose tissue, interatrial fat, periaortic fat, and thoracic aortic adipose tissue in 1039 consecutive asymptomatic participants who underwent multidetector computed tomography. We explored the associations of visceral adipose tissue with baseline dysglycemic indices and new‐onset diabetes. Epicardial adipose tissue, paracardial adipose tissue, interatrial fat, periaortic fat, and thoracic aortic adipose tissue were differentially and independently associated with dysglycemic indices (fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, HbA1c, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) beyond anthropometric measures. The superimposition of interatrial fat and thoracic aortic adipose tissue on age, sex, body mass index, and baseline homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance expanded the likelihood of baseline diabetes (from 67.2 to 86.0 and 64.4 to 70.8, P for ∆ ꭕ 2 : <0.001 and 0.011, respectively). Compared with the first tertile, the highest interatrial fat tertile showed a nearly doubled risk for new‐onset diabetes (hazard ratio, 2.09 [95% CI, 1.38–3.15], P <0.001) after adjusting for Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index. Conclusions Region‐specific visceral adiposity may not perform equally in discriminating baseline dysglycemia or diabetes, and showed differential predictive performance in new‐onset diabetes. Our data suggested that interatrial fat may serve as a potential marker for new‐onset diabetes.

Contribution of Visceral Obesity to the Insulin Resistance Syndrome

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Tissue Accumulation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Insulin Homeostasis ◽  
Visceral Adipose

A high visceral adipose tissue accumulation has been associated with many metabolic perturbations typical of the insulin resistance syndrome, such as dyslipidemia, impaired glucose-insulin homeostasis, hypertension, and impaired fibrinolysis. It has been documented that male gender, aging, and a hyperglycemic state are conditions that increase the likelihood of displaying features of the insulin resistance syndrome. Accordingly, studies have demonstrated that the variation in visceral adipose tissue accumulation explains a significant proportion of the gender differences in the metabolic risk profile. Age-related differences in metabolic components of the insulin resistance syndrome have also been shown to be partly explained by the concomitant increase in visceral adipose tissue accumulation found with age. Studies have suggested that a high visceral adipose tissue accumulation contributes significantly to the deterioration in the plasma lipid-lipoprotein profile found in hyperglycemic subjects. Finally, it appears that the clustering of metabolic alterations of the insulin resistance syndrome is more pronounced in obese subjects with high levels of visceral fat than in those with a lower visceral adipose tissue accumulation. Key Words: abdominal fat, dyslipidemia, glucose-insulin homeostasis, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease

scholarly journals Resistin Gene Expression in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Postmenopausal Women and its Association with Insulin Resistance

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadashiv ◽  
Sunita Tiwari ◽  
Bhola Nath Paul ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Abhijit Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Resistin Mrna

Aim: The present study evaluates resistin mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and its correlation with insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment) in postmenopausal obese women. Materials & methods: A total of 68 (nonobese = 34 and obese = 34) age-matched (49–70 years) postmenopausal women were recruited for the study. Fasting blood samples were collected at admission and abdominal VAT were obtained during surgery for gall bladder stones or hysterectomy. Physical parameters (age, height, weight and BMI) were measured. Biochemical parameters (plasma insulin, plasma glucose and serum resistin) were estimated by enzymatic methods. The VAT resistin mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time PCR. Results: The relative mean (± standard deviation) VAT resistin mRNA expression in postmenopausal obese women lowered significantly by 20.4% compared with postmenopausal nonobese women (0.029 ± 0.011 vs 0.023 ± 0.013; p = 0.047). Furthermore, VAT resistin mRNA expression in postmenopausal obese women was downregulated by 0.69-fold when compared with age-matched postmenopausal nonobese women. Furthermore, the relative VAT resistin mRNA expression in postmenopausal obese women showed significant inverse association with insulin resistance (r = −0.48; p < 0.01) and serum resistin (r = −0.84; p < 0.001), while in postmenopausal nonobese women it did not show any association with both insulin resistance (r = 0.03; p > 0.05) and serum resistin (r = −0.03; p > 0.05). Conclusion: The VAT resistin mRNA expression in postmenopausal obese women is associated to insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Protocatechuic acids protects against high glucose- induced insulin resistance in human visceral adipose tissue

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-46
Author(s):  
Paulina Ormazabal ◽  
Beatrice Scazzocchio ◽  
Rosaria Varì ◽  
Annunziata Iacovelli ◽  
Roberta Masella
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Insulin Sensitizer ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Adipocytes exposed to high glucose concentrations exhibit impaired insulin signaling. Binding of insulin to its membrane receptor activates insulin metabolic pathway leading to IRS-1 and AKT phosphorylations. The accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) correlates with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Anthocyanins (ACN) are bioactive food compounds of great nutritional interest. We have shown that protocatechuic acid (PCA), a major metabolite of ACN, might exert insulin-sensitizer activities in human visceral adipose tissue. The aim of this work was to define the protective role of PCA against insulin-resistance induced by high glucose in VAT.Methodology: VAT obtained from control subject (BMI≤25) were separated in four experimental groups: i) PCA: samples treated for 24 h with 100 μM PCA, ii) GLU: VAT treated with 30 mM glucose for 24 h, iii) PCA+GLU: 1 hour incubation with 100 μM PCA before adding glucose (30 mM, 24 h), iv) CTR: vehicle. After treatment, VAT groups were (or not) acutely stimulated with insulin (20 nM, 20 min). Tyr-IRS-1 and Ser-Akt phosphorylations were assessed by Western blotting (WB) in basal or insulin stimulated tissues in all experimental groups. Samples were assessed for IRS-1, IR, Akt and GLUT4 protein content by WB. Results: No differences in protein contents between experimental groups were found. GLU tissues showed a lower increment in insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1 and Akt compared to CTR and PCA samples. This impaired activation was completely reversed by the pretreatment with PCA.Conclusion: An in-vitro insulin-resistance condition induced by high glucose was established in biopsies of VAT. PCA restores the ability of GLU-tissues to fully respond to insulin by increasing IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylations. These results confirm the insulin-sensitizer effect of PCA on VAT previously reported by our group. An anthocyanin rich diet might help to protect against insulin-resistance in VAT.

scholarly journals Abdominal Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue and Insulin Resistance in the Framingham Heart Study

Obesity ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2191-2198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Preis ◽  
Joseph M. Massaro ◽  
Sander J. Robins ◽  
Udo Hoffmann ◽  
Ramachandran S. Vasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Framingham Heart Study ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Visceral Adipose
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