Background: We aimed to investigate early arteriosclerosis and its risk factors in populations with prediabetes and new-onset diabetes.
Materials and Methods: A total of 148 participants who did not have diabetes mellitus were assigned to three groups through an oral glucose tolerance test: the normal glucose tolerance group; the impaired glucose regulation, also known as prediabetes, group; and the new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus group. The insulin resistance index was assessed using the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the level of fibroblast growth factor 21. An arteriosclerosis detector was used to measure the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and ankle-brachial index. baPWV, ABI, and FGF21 were used to assess early arteriosclerosis.
Results: Significant differences in age, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour plasma glucose, 2-hour insulin, and HOMA-IR were found between the NGT group and the prediabetes and new-onset diabetes groups. All the above except 2hINS showed an increasing trend. FGF21 was higher in the new-onset diabetes group than in the NGT group, and baPWV was higher in the new-onset diabetes group than in the other two groups, but no significant difference was noted in ABI. Age, SBP, diastolic blood pressure, FPG, 2hPG, and FGF21 were positively correlated with baPWV. Moreover, BMI, SBP, DBP, FPG, 2hPG, and HOMA-IR were positively correlated with ABI. In addition, age, BMI, FPG, FGF21, and HOMA-IR were independent risk factors for baPWV, and SBP and HOMA-IR were independent risk factors for ABI.
Conclusions: Patients with prediabetes and new-onset diabetes maybe have more significant early arteriosclerosis. The blood glucose level and insulin resistance index maybe the independent risk factors for early arteriosclerosis.