Resistin Gene Expression in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Postmenopausal Women and its Association with Insulin Resistance

Aim: The present study evaluates resistin mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and its correlation with insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment) in postmenopausal obese women. Materials & methods: A total of 68 (nonobese = 34 and obese = 34) age-matched (49–70 years) postmenopausal women were recruited for the study. Fasting blood samples were collected at admission and abdominal VAT were obtained during surgery for gall bladder stones or hysterectomy. Physical parameters (age, height, weight and BMI) were measured. Biochemical parameters (plasma insulin, plasma glucose and serum resistin) were estimated by enzymatic methods. The VAT resistin mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time PCR. Results: The relative mean (± standard deviation) VAT resistin mRNA expression in postmenopausal obese women lowered significantly by 20.4% compared with postmenopausal nonobese women (0.029 ± 0.011 vs 0.023 ± 0.013; p = 0.047). Furthermore, VAT resistin mRNA expression in postmenopausal obese women was downregulated by 0.69-fold when compared with age-matched postmenopausal nonobese women. Furthermore, the relative VAT resistin mRNA expression in postmenopausal obese women showed significant inverse association with insulin resistance (r = −0.48; p < 0.01) and serum resistin (r = −0.84; p < 0.001), while in postmenopausal nonobese women it did not show any association with both insulin resistance (r = 0.03; p > 0.05) and serum resistin (r = −0.03; p > 0.05). Conclusion: The VAT resistin mRNA expression in postmenopausal obese women is associated to insulin resistance.

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FABP 4 is associated with inflammatory markers and metabolic syndrome in morbidly obese women

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-10-1195 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 164 (4) ◽

pp. 539-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Ximena Terra ◽

Yunuen Quintero ◽

Teresa Auguet ◽

Jose Antonio Porras ◽

Mercé Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Obese Women ◽

Fatty Acid Binding ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Circulating Levels

ObjectiveThe adipocyte/macrophage fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been described as a biomarker for adiposity and metabolic syndrome (MS). The aims of this study were to assess the relationship between FABP4 and inflammatory cytokines related to obesity, and to evaluate FABP4 mRNA expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in non-diabetic morbidly obese women versus healthy lean women.MethodsWe analyzed circulating levels of FABP4 in 81 Spanish women: 38 lean (body mass index (BMI)<25 kg/m2) and 43 morbidly obese (BMI>40 kg/m2). We took 30 follow-up blood samples at 6 and 12 months after bariatric surgery. We assessed FABP4 gene expression in samples of subcutaneous abdominal and visceral adipose tissue. Adipose tissue mRNA expression was determined by real-time RT-PCR.ResultsIn morbidly obese women, plasma FABP4 levels were significantly higher than in non-obese patients. These levels positively correlated with BMI, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), and plasma glucose and insulin levels. Post-operative FABP4 levels decreased by a maximum of 30% after 12 months. We also found an inverse association between FABP4 and adiponectin levels, and positive correlations between FABP4 and circulating leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 levels. Linear regression analysis revealed that FABP4 was more closely related to HOMA2-IR than adiponectin, CRP, TNF-RI, or leptin. Furthermore, high circulating FABP4 levels were associated with the presence of MS. FABP4 mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue was related to its circulating levels in morbidly obese women.ConclusionsOur results indicate that serum FABP4 is associated with inflammatory factors related to obesity and MS in non-diabetic morbidly obese women.

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Abdominal adipocyte populations in women with visceral obesity

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-15-0822 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 174 (2) ◽

pp. 227-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Andréanne Michaud ◽

Sofia Laforest ◽

Mélissa Pelletier ◽

Mélanie Nadeau ◽

Serge Simard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Obesity ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Small Cells ◽

Central Feature ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Insulin Resistance Index ◽

Visceral Adipose

BackgroundVisceral obesity is independently related to numerous cardiometabolic alterations, with adipose tissue dysfunction as a central feature.ObjectiveTo examine whether omental (OM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipocyte size populations in women relate to visceral obesity, cardiometabolic risk factors and adipocyte lipolysis independent of total adiposity.Design and methodsOM and SC fat samples were obtained during gynecological surgery in 60 women (mean age, 46.1±5.9 years; mean BMI, 27.1±4.5 kg/m2(range, 20.3–41.1 kg/m2)). Fresh samples were treated with osmium tetroxide and were analyzed with a Multisizer Coulter. Cell size distributions were computed for each sample with exponential and Gaussian function fits.ResultsComputed tomography-measured visceral fat accumulation was the best predictor of larger cell populations as well as the percentage of small cells in both OM and SC fat (P<0.0001 for all). Accordingly, women with visceral obesity had larger cells in the main population and higher proportion of small adipocytes independent of total adiposity (P≤0.05). Using linear regression analysis, we found that women characterized by larger-than-predicted adipocytes in either OM or SC adipose tissue presented higher visceral adipose tissue area, increased percentage of small cells and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index as well as higher OM adipocyte isoproterenol-, forskolin- and dbcAMP-stimulated lipolysis compared to women with smaller-than-predicted adipocytes, independent of total adiposity (P≤0.05).ConclusionExcess visceral adipose tissue accumulation is a strong marker of both adipocyte hypertrophy and increased number of small cells in either fat compartment, which relates to higher insulin resistance index and lipolytic response, independent of total adiposity.

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Association of Region‐Specific Cardiac Adiposity With Dysglycemia and New‐Onset Diabetes

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.121.021921 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kuo‐Tzu Sung ◽

Jen‐Yuan Kuo ◽

Chun‐Ho Yun ◽

Yueh‐Hung Lin ◽

Jui‐Peng Tsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Onset Diabetes ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Periaortic Fat ◽

New Onset

Background Visceral adipose tissue is assumed to be an important indicator for insulin resistance and diabetes beyond overweight/obesity. We hypothesized that region‐specific visceral adipose tissue may regulate differential biological effects for new‐onset diabetes regardless of overall obesity. Methods and Results We quantified various visceral adipose tissue measures, including epicardial adipose tissue, paracardial adipose tissue, interatrial fat, periaortic fat, and thoracic aortic adipose tissue in 1039 consecutive asymptomatic participants who underwent multidetector computed tomography. We explored the associations of visceral adipose tissue with baseline dysglycemic indices and new‐onset diabetes. Epicardial adipose tissue, paracardial adipose tissue, interatrial fat, periaortic fat, and thoracic aortic adipose tissue were differentially and independently associated with dysglycemic indices (fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, HbA1c, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) beyond anthropometric measures. The superimposition of interatrial fat and thoracic aortic adipose tissue on age, sex, body mass index, and baseline homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance expanded the likelihood of baseline diabetes (from 67.2 to 86.0 and 64.4 to 70.8, P for ∆ ꭕ 2 : <0.001 and 0.011, respectively). Compared with the first tertile, the highest interatrial fat tertile showed a nearly doubled risk for new‐onset diabetes (hazard ratio, 2.09 [95% CI, 1.38–3.15], P <0.001) after adjusting for Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index. Conclusions Region‐specific visceral adiposity may not perform equally in discriminating baseline dysglycemia or diabetes, and showed differential predictive performance in new‐onset diabetes. Our data suggested that interatrial fat may serve as a potential marker for new‐onset diabetes.

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Association of Upper Trunk and Visceral Adipose Tissue Volume With Insulin Resistance in Control and HIV-Infected Subjects in the FRAM Study

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes ◽

10.1097/qai.0b013e31814b94e2 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 283-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Carl Grunfeld ◽

David Rimland ◽

Cynthia L Gibert ◽

William G Powderly ◽

Stephen Sidney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Tissue Volume ◽

Adipose Tissue Volume ◽

Visceral Adipose

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Elevated serum uric acid is a facilitating mechanism for insulin resistance mediated accumulation of visceral adipose tissue

10.1101/2020.09.20.20198499 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Luisa Fernández-Chirino ◽

Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa ◽

Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez ◽

Paloma Almeda-Valdés ◽

Donají Gómez-Velasco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Obesity ◽

Causal Mechanism ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Bidirectional Relationship ◽

Visceral Adipose

BACKGROUND: Serum uric acid (SUA) has a relationship with cardiometabolic conditions such as insulin resistance (IR) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation. Here, we aimed to clarify the nature of this relationship and the underlying causality mechanism. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study comprising 8,504 subjects joining both NHANES 2003-2004 and 2011-2012 cycles and ENSANUT Medio Camino 2016. We performed mixed effects linear regression models using HOMA2-IR, adipoIR, and METS-VF as indicators of IR and VAT accumulation. Furthermore, we performed mediation analyses to assess a potential causal mechanism and ROC curves to establish cut-off points for identification of IR and visceral obesity using SUA. Finally, with an additional dataset comprised of 226 subjects with both euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements for IR and VAT accumulation, we performed a network of confirmatory mediation analyses. RESULTS:We found that SUA has a mediating role inside the bidirectional relationship between IR and visceral obesity, and it is part of an underlying causality mechanism which includes adiponectin. The proportion of the mechanism mediated by SUA is greater when stated that IR (in either peripheral or adipose tissue) leads to VAT accumulation (14.90%[13.20%-17.00%] and 15.54%[13.61% - 18.00%] to 4.88%[3.06%-7.00%] and 8.13%[5.91% - 10.00%]) instead of the opposite direction. This result was confirmed by mediation analyses using gold-standard measurements. CONCLUSIONS:Elevated SUA acts as mediator inside the bidirectional relationship between IR andVAT accumulation. Its role appears to be larger when considering adipose tissue IR as the promoter for VAT accumulation.

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Protocatechuic acids protects against high glucose- induced insulin resistance in human visceral adipose tissue

Problems of Endocrinology ◽

10.14341/probl201662545-46 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 45-46

Author(s):

Paulina Ormazabal ◽

Beatrice Scazzocchio ◽

Rosaria Varì ◽

Annunziata Iacovelli ◽

Roberta Masella

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

High Glucose ◽

Protective Role ◽

Insulin Sensitizer ◽

20 Nm ◽

Visceral Adipose

Adipocytes exposed to high glucose concentrations exhibit impaired insulin signaling. Binding of insulin to its membrane receptor activates insulin metabolic pathway leading to IRS-1 and AKT phosphorylations. The accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) correlates with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Anthocyanins (ACN) are bioactive food compounds of great nutritional interest. We have shown that protocatechuic acid (PCA), a major metabolite of ACN, might exert insulin-sensitizer activities in human visceral adipose tissue. The aim of this work was to define the protective role of PCA against insulin-resistance induced by high glucose in VAT.Methodology: VAT obtained from control subject (BMI≤25) were separated in four experimental groups: i) PCA: samples treated for 24 h with 100 μM PCA, ii) GLU: VAT treated with 30 mM glucose for 24 h, iii) PCA+GLU: 1 hour incubation with 100 μM PCA before adding glucose (30 mM, 24 h), iv) CTR: vehicle. After treatment, VAT groups were (or not) acutely stimulated with insulin (20 nM, 20 min). Tyr-IRS-1 and Ser-Akt phosphorylations were assessed by Western blotting (WB) in basal or insulin stimulated tissues in all experimental groups. Samples were assessed for IRS-1, IR, Akt and GLUT4 protein content by WB. Results: No differences in protein contents between experimental groups were found. GLU tissues showed a lower increment in insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1 and Akt compared to CTR and PCA samples. This impaired activation was completely reversed by the pretreatment with PCA.Conclusion: An in-vitro insulin-resistance condition induced by high glucose was established in biopsies of VAT. PCA restores the ability of GLU-tissues to fully respond to insulin by increasing IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylations. These results confirm the insulin-sensitizer effect of PCA on VAT previously reported by our group. An anthocyanin rich diet might help to protect against insulin-resistance in VAT.

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Abdominal Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue and Insulin Resistance in the Framingham Heart Study

Obesity ◽

10.1038/oby.2010.59 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 2191-2198 ◽

Cited By ~ 214

Author(s):

Sarah R. Preis ◽

Joseph M. Massaro ◽

Sander J. Robins ◽

Udo Hoffmann ◽

Ramachandran S. Vasan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Framingham Heart Study ◽

Heart Study ◽

Visceral Adipose

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Visceral Adipose Tissue Loss and Insulin Resistance 6 Months after Laparoscopic Gastric Banding Surgery: A Preliminary Study

Obesity Surgery ◽

10.1007/s11695-008-9642-4 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 47-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Joan F. Carroll ◽

Susan F. Franks ◽

Adam B. Smith ◽

David R. Phelps

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Gastric Banding ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Laparoscopic Gastric Banding ◽

Tissue Loss ◽

Gastric Banding Surgery ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Visceral Adipose

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Abstract P232: Worse Cardiometabolic Health in African Immigrants than African-Americans: Reconsideration of the Healthy Immigrant Effect

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p232 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Anne E Sumner ◽

Michelle Y O'Connor ◽

Caroline K Thoreson ◽

Madia Ricks ◽

Amber B Courville ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

African Americans ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

African Immigrants ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Healthy Immigrant Effect ◽

Immigrant Effect ◽

Visceral Adipose

In decades past, African immigrants were considered to have better cardiometabolic health than African Americans. Whether this health advantage continues to exist in the 21st century is unknown. To explore differences in markers of cardiometabolic health, oral glucose tolerance tests, blood pressure (BP), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume and the waist circumference (WC) which predicts insulin resistance were compared in 210 men (134 African immigrants, 76 African Americans, mean age 36±9y (mean±SD), range 20-64y) who self-identified as healthy. Insulin resistance was defined by the lowest quartile of the insulin sensitivity index (SI≤2•28mU/L-1.min-1). Receiver operating characteristic curves and the Youden Index were used to identify the WC which optimally predicts insulin resistance. BMI was lower in African immigrants than African Americans (27.4±3.9 vs. 29.3±5.5kg/m2, P<0.01). Adjusting for BMI, WC did not differ between groups (93±5 vs. 94±5cm, P=0.55); but African immigrants had more visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (P<0.001) higher BP (P≤0.01), higher fasting glucose (P≤0.001) and 2h glucose (P<0.001) as well as a higher prevalence of previously undiagnosed diabetes (7% (9 of 134) vs. 0% (0 of 76), P<0.01) and pre-diabetes (35% (47 of 134) vs. 22% (17 of 76), P<0.01). Degree of insulin resistance did not differ in African immigrants and African Americans (4.17±2.88 vs. 4.24±2.61 (mU/L)-1 .min-1, P=0.88). Yet, the WC which optimally predicted insulin resistance was lower in African immigrants than African Americans, specifically 92 cm and 102 cm, respectively. As African immigrants had higher VAT, BP and glucose levels than African Americans, the healthy immigrant effect may no longer be a valid concept. As insulin resistance occurred at a lower WC in African immigrants than African Americans, lower BMI in African immigrants does not appear to provide protection from cardiometabolic risk.

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