scholarly journals Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in orbital fibroadipose connective tissues of Graves’ ophthalmopathy patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Berrin Yuksel Konuk ◽  
Onur Konuk ◽  
Muge Misirlioglu ◽  
Adnan Menevse ◽  
Mehmet Unal
Keyword(s):  
Disease Duration ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Graves Ophthalmopathy ◽  
Compressive Neuropathy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cox 2

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of cycloocygenase-2 (COX-2) in orbital fibroadipose connective tissue in Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) patients, and investigate the associations between COX-2 expression and GO characteristics. Methods: The orbital fibroadipose connective tissues of 23 cases demonstrating moderate or severe GO, and eight control subjects without any history of thyroid or autoimmune disease were analyzed for COX-2 mRNA expression. Real-time relative quantitative PCR was performed to assess transcripts of COX-2 using the LightCycler. The disease activity was evaluated by the clinical activity score (CAS). The clinical features of GO were evaluated by total eye score (TES) and the cases were divided into two groups; type 1 cases included higher degrees of proptosis with orbital fat volume increase, and type 2 cases included cases with compressive neuropathy and limited extraocular muscle functions. Results: The mean ± s.d. disease duration was 5.7 ± 7.1 years. The mean ± s.d. CAS and TES of cases were 1.60 ± 1.04 and 7.5 ± 1.8 respectively. The mean ± s.d. expression of COX-2 was 0.023 ± 0.013 and 0.010 ± 0.002 in GO cases and controls (P = 0.008), and 0.015 ± 0.073 and 0.029 ± 0.135 in type 1 and type 2 cases respectively (P = 0.007). COX-2 expression showed a statistically significant positive correlation with TES (r = 0.634, P = 0.001), and a negative correlation with the disease duration (r = −0.621, P = 0.002). Conclusions: COX-2 is expressed at higher levels in orbital fibroadipose tissues of GO cases. This showed a positive correlation with increasing severity of orbital disease suggesting possible relation with COX-2 expression and orbital inflammation in GO.

scholarly journals Modified approach to the characterization of adrenal nodules using a standard abdominal magnetic resonance imaging protocol

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
António P. Matos ◽  
Richard C. Semelka ◽  
Vasco Herédia ◽  
Mamdoh AlObaidiy ◽  
Filipe Veloso Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Abdominal Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Phase Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol ◽  
Type 3

Abstract Objective: To describe a modified approach to the evaluation of adrenal nodules using a standard abdominal magnetic resonance imaging protocol. Materials and Methods: Our sample comprised 149 subjects (collectively presenting with 132 adenomas and 40 nonadenomas). The adrenal signal intensity index was calculated. Lesions were grouped by pattern of enhancement (PE), according to the phase during which the wash-in peaked: arterial phase (type 1 PE); portal venous phase (type 2 PE); and interstitial phase (type 3 PE). The relative and absolute wash-out values were calculated. To test for mean differences between adenomas and nonadenomas, Student's t-tests were used. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was also performed. Results: The mean adrenal signal intensity index was significantly higher for the adenomas than for the nonadenomas (p < 0.0001). Chemical shift imaging showed a sensitivity and specificity of 94.4% and 100%, respectively, for differentiating adenomas from nonadenomas. Of the adenomas, 47.6%, 48.5%, and 3.9%, respectively, exhibited type 1, 2, and 3 PEs. For the mean wash-in proportions, significant differences were found among the enhancement patterns. The wash-out calculations revealed a trend toward better lesion differentiation for lesions exhibiting a type 1 PE, showing a sensitivity and specificity of 71.4% and 80.0%, respectively, when the absolute values were referenced, as well as for lesions exhibiting a type 2 PE, showing a sensitivity and specificity of 68.0% and 100%, respectively, when the relative values were referenced. The calculated probability of a lipid-poor lesion that exhibited a type 3 PE being a nonadenoma was > 99%. Conclusion: Subgrouping dynamic enhancement patterns yields high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating adenomas from nonadenomas.

scholarly journals There is a Correlation between Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis and a Circle-Type Morphology of the True Pelvis, but Not with Pelvic Incidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Matthias Spalteholz ◽  
Matthias Spalteholz ◽  
Gulow Jens ◽  
Pap Geza
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Incidence ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fracture Types ◽  
Type 3

Purpose: Osteoporosis is a major risk factor for the development of fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP). There is a lack of information about the influence of anatomical conditions such as Pelvic Incidence and Pelvic Ratio (DT/DS ratio) on this kind of fractures. Methods: This is a monocentric retrospective analysis. X-ray images of the lumbar spine and pelvis and 3D-MPR CT reconstructions of the pelvis were analysed to determine Pelvic Incidence (PI) and Pelvic Ratio (PR) in 141 fragility fractures of the pelvis. Statistical analyses were performed to examine the correlation between these spinopelvic parameters and fragility fractures of the pelvis. Results: A total of 141 fragility fractures of the pelvis (14 men = 9.93%, 127 women = 90.07%) were analysed. According to the FFP-classification we recognized FFP type 1 fractures in 19.15%, FFP type 2 in 41.13%, FFP type 3 in 8.51% and FFP type 4 fractures in 32.21%. The mean PI was 58.83º. There was no statistical correlation between PI and fracture types (p=0.81). The mean PR was 1.099. 57 patients (40.43%) demonstrated a DT/DS ratio ≤ 1.06, corresponding to a circle-type morphology. 24 patients (17.02%) demonstrated a DT/DS ratio ≥ 1.18, corresponding to an ellipse-type pelvis. A circle-type pelvis is significantly more often associated with fragility fractures of the pelvis than an ellipse-type morphology (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of our work demonstrate a strong statistical correlation between the circle-type morphology of the pelvis (PR ≤ 1.06) and fragility fractures of the pelvis. There is no statistical correlation between fragility fractures of the pelvis and Pelvic Incidence.

Angiotensin II mediates downregulation of aquaporin water channels and key renal sodium transporters in response to urinary tract obstruction

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (5) ◽  
pp. F1021-F1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja M. Jensen ◽  
Chunling Li ◽  
Helle A. Praetorius ◽  
Rikke Nørregaard ◽  
Sebastian Frische ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Water Channels ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Sodium Transporters ◽  
Cox 2

The renin-angiotensin system is well known to be involved in the pathophysiological changes in renal function after obstruction of the ureter. Previously, we demonstrated that bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO) is associated with dramatic changes in the expression of both renal sodium transporters and aquaporin water channels (AQPs). We now examined the effects of the AT1-receptor antagonist candesartan on the dysregulation of AQPs and key renal sodium transporters in rats subjected to 24-h BUO and followed 2 days after release of BUO (BUO-2R). Consistent with previous observations, BUO-2R resulted in a significantly decreased expression of AQP1, -2, and -3 compared with control rats. Concomitantly, the rats developed polyuria and reduced urine osmolality. Moreover, expression of the type 2 Na-phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-2) and type 1 bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) was markedly reduced, consistent with postobstructive natriuresis. Candesartan treatment from the onset of obstruction attenuated the reduction in GFR (3.1 ± 0.4 vs. 1.7 ± 0.3 ml·min−1·kg−1) and partially prevented the reduction in the expression of AQP2 (66 ± 21 vs. 13 ± 2%, n = 7; P < 0.05), NaPi-2 (84 ± 6 vs. 57 ± 10%, n = 7; P < 0.05), and NKCC2 (89 ± 12 vs. 46% ± 11, n = 7; P < 0.05). Consistent with this, candesartan treatment attenuated the increase in urine output (58 ± 4 vs. 97 ± 5 μl·min−1·kg−1, n = 7; P < 0.01) and the reduction in sodium reabsorption (433 ± 62 vs. 233 ± 45 μmol·min−1·kg−1, n = 7; P < 0.05) normally found in rats subjected to BUO. Moreover, candesartan treatment attenuated induction of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression in the inner medulla, suggesting that COX-2 induction in response to obstruction is regulated by ANG II. In conclusion, candesartan prevents dysregulation of AQP2, sodium transporters, and development of polyuria seen in BUO. This strongly supports the view that candesartan protects kidney function in response to urinary tract obstruction.

Mooring System Design and Optimization for Floating Bridge of Urmia Lake

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Daghigh ◽  
R. T. Paein Koulaei ◽  
M. S. Seif
Keyword(s):  
Burial Depth ◽  
Floating Bodies ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Floating Bridge ◽  
The Mean

In order to get better understanding on the response of floating bodies, different design aspects of mooring lines has been investigated in this paper. Mooring lines are categerized into two types; the catenary settling on the sea floor (type 1) and the limited one which has no dead-length on sea floor (type 2). It has been observed that the stiffness of both types may be well predicted by Jain’s formulation and in the design process of floating bodies the mooring lines may be replaced by uncoupled horizontal and vertical springs. On the other hand, the anchor capacity against sliding and release from the mean still water has been studied in this paper. From the results of a parametric study, using the discrete element method, the block anchor the dimensions for the Urmia floating bridge has been optimized and the behavior of anchor and seabed deposits for release of block anchor indicates that the burial depth and the stress level on the block anchor itself and the sea bed are in the allowable and elastic region, respectively.

scholarly journals Estimating Utility value for Female Genital Mutilation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrus Alinia ◽  
Bakhtiar Piroozi ◽  
Fariba Jahanbin ◽  
Hossein Safari ◽  
Amjad Mohamadi-Bolbanabad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Health Utility ◽  
Utility Value ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Lower Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Background: Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a clear violation of women's rights and can have adverse and irreversible health effects as well. Worldwide, more than 200 million women and girls have undergone FGM/C. Utility value of FGM/C has not been estimated yet, so we designed this study to extract the health utility value of FGM/C for the first time in the world.Methods: In a cross-sectional study in Iran, 125 girls and women who underwent FGM/C procedure were examined by the trained midwives in order to determine its type. In addition, a questionnaire was completed for identifying the socio-demographic factors and extracting the health utility of these individuals. Health utility was measured using Time Trade-off method and also to determine the effects of the socio-demographic factors on the health utility a two-limit censored regression model was applied.Results: The mean and median of the health utility of women with FGM/C were 0.971 (SE: 0.003) and 0.968 (IQR: 1-0.95), respectively. Number of non-traders was 58 (46.4%) who reported perfect health utility. However, the mean of health utility among traders was 0.946 (SE: 0.002). Only type 1 (Clitoridectomy) and type 2 (Excision) FGM/C were seen in this study. Women with Type 1 FGM/C had significantly lower health utility value (Mean: 0.968, Median: 0.957) than their type 2 counterparts (Mean: 0.987, Median: 1.00). Moreover, women in the age group of 31-45 years (Mean: 0.962, Median: 0.956), single (Mean: 0.950, Median: 0.954), divorced (Mean: 0.951, Median: 0.950), employed (Mean: 0.959, Median: 0.956), and with supplementary insurance (Mean: 0.962, Median: 0.950) had significantly lower health utility than their counterparts.Conclusion: FGM/C affects physical and psychological well-being of these individuals, resulting in a lack of personal and marital satisfaction, which ultimately leads to a 3% reduction in their health related quality of life. Therefore, preventing from this practice is very important and should be considered by health system policy makers more than before.

scholarly journals Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
Simona Clus ◽  
Gabriela Crețeanu ◽  
Amorin Popa
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Variability ◽  
Ambulatory Setting ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Nocturnal Hypoglycemia

Abstract Background and aims: It is known that the majority of critical unacknowledged hypoglycemia has an increased incidence in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) with a long evolution. The aim of this research is to evaluate the variability of glucose level and hypoglycemic events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) having pharmacological interventions with hypoglycemic risk. These events are sometimes asymptomatic also in T2DM: frequently in elderly, patients with autonomic neuropathy, or having a long evolution of disease. Material and method: This analysis includes 72 patients with T2DM, with a relative good metabolic control, and possible glucose fluctuations. Glucose variability was appreciated using continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) used for more than 72 hours in hospital or ambulatory setting. Results: The incidence, duration and severity of hypoglycemia are not correlated with HbA1c value, age, disease duration or treatment. Approximately a quarter of patients had nocturnal hypoglycemia and in 37,5% of events hypoglycemia was prolonged, more 45 minutes. Clinical manifestations in diurnal hypoglycemia were presents in only 40% of the recorded events. Conclusions: The study suggested that CGMS is beneficial for patients with type 2 diabetes, with hypoglycemic risk and complications, to adjusted medication, education and prevention the cardiovascular events.

scholarly journals Clinical and morphological characteristics of type 1 and 2 autoimmune pancreatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-337
Author(s):  
S. V. Lishchuk ◽  
Е. A. Dubova ◽  
K. А. Pavlov ◽  
Yu. D. Udalov
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Autoimmune Pancreatitis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Obliterative Phlebitis ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
The Mean

Rationale: In the recent years, an increased interest to autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) has been seen, related to growing diagnostic potential. In its turn, this leads to an increase in numbers of diagnosed AIP cases. At present, two types of AIP have been described with diverse clinical manifestation and morphology of the pancreas. However, the reproducibility of the differential diagnosis between AIP type 1 and 2 is low even among pancreatic pathologists.Aim: To identify criteria for the morphologic diagnosis of AIP type 1 and 2.Materials and methods: A morphological study of biopsy and surgical specimens from 26 patients with AIP was performed. There were 22 cases of AIP type 1 and 4 cases of AIP type 2. In addition to hematoxylin eosin staining of the specimens, immunohistochemistry was used with counting of CD138+ absolute numbers, determination of IgG+ and IgG4+ cells in the inflammatory infiltrates, as well as the ratios of IgG4+/IgG+ and IgG4+/CD138+ cells.Results: AIP type 1 was characterized by storiform fibrosis of the pancreatic tissue (81.8% cases), involving the parapancreatic fat tissue, by moderateto-severe lymphoplasmocytic infiltration and signs of obliterative/non-obliterative phlebitis. Type 2 AIP was characterized by severe fibrosis with predominantly periductal (centrilobular) fibrosis and mild chronic inflammatory infiltration of the pancreas, while there was no extension of fibrosis and inflammatory infiltration to the parapancreatic tissues in any case. The mean number of CD138+ cell in AIP type 1 was 101.2 ± 27.9 per 1 high-power field (HPF), and in AIP type 2, it was 42.8 ± 20.9 per 1 HPF. The mean absolute number of IgG+ cells in AIP type 1 was 99.6 ± 25.7 per 1 HPF, whereas in AIP type 2, 42.1 ± 20.8 per 1 HPF. In AIP type 1, the mean number of IgG4+ plasmatic cells in the infiltrates was 74.5 ± 27.2 per 1 HPF, whereas in AIP type 2, it was 3.4 ± 2.7 per 1 HPF. The IgG4+/IgG+ ratio was 75 ± 12.6% vs. 8.4 ± 6.2%, and the IgG4+/CD138+ ratio was 72.4 ± 12.3% vs. 8.3 ± 5.9% in AIP type 1 and type 2, respectively.Conclusion: For the differential diagnosis of type 1 and 2 AIP, it is necessary to take into consideration not only typical histological abnormalities, but also the numbers of CD138+, IgG+ and IgG4+ cells within the inflammatory infiltrate, as well as the IgG4+/IgG+ and IgG4+/CD138+ ratios.

scholarly journals Blood concentrations of endothelin, interleukins 6 and 10 in men with diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
E.V. Luchytskiy ◽  
V.E. Luchytskiy ◽  
G.A. Zubkova ◽  
V.M. Rybalchenko ◽  
I.I. Skladanna
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Type 1 Dm ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

Background. Pathological activation of cytokines is one of the key links in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the development of its complications, in particular from the cardiovascular system. According to the vast majority of researchers, the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for mortality from cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the study was to determine the concentration of markers of a nonspecific inflammatory response (interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-10) in the blood of men with DM and their association with glycated hemoglobin levels and body mass index. Materials and methods. There were examined 46 men with type 2 DM and 28 men with type 1 DM. According to the results of the analysis of variance of the control group, type 2 DM and type 1 DM had significant differences in some indicators. Results. The correlation analysis of the obtained indicators of interleukin concentration showed that in men with type 2 DM under the age of 50 years, the indicators of IL-6 concentration significantly positively correlated with indicators of IL-10 concentration in blood (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.562, p < 0.031) and negatively with the duration of diabetes mellitus (Spearman’s correlation coefficient –0.508, p < 0.031). In the group of patients with type 2 DM aged 50 years and older, there was a positive correlation between the blood concentration of IL-6 with the blood concentration of IL-10 (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.509, p < 0.031), the blood concentration of IL-10 with glycated hemoglobin levels (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.391, p < 0.04) and the duration of diabetes mellitus (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.551, p < 0.005). In the group of patients with type 1 DM, there was a positive correlation of IL-6 in the blood with indicators of the blood concentration of IL-10 (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.707, p < 0.001) and a positive correlation between the concentration of IL-10 with the duration of DM (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.379, p < 0.039). Conclusions. Mean levels of IL-6 were significantly elevated in men with type 2 diabetes aged 50 years and older. Mean IL-10 levels were significantly elevated in men with type 2 diabetes regardless of the age of the patients. A significant positive correlation was found between the indicators of IL-6 and IL-10 in the examined patients with type 2 diabetes regardless of age also in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Value of Intrarenal Artery Resistive Index for Detecting Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferehiwot Bekele Getaneh ◽  
Yewondwossen Tadesse Mengistu ◽  
Daphne H. Knicely
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: The typical pattern of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) which follows glomerular hyperfiltration progressing to persistent albuminuria associated with hypertension and declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has changed over the years. The aim of the study is to examine the potential role of Doppler ultrasound in early identification of DKD. Methods: A 137 patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in Ethiopia participated in the study. We analyzed the correlation between resistive index (RI) of intrarenal arteries and clinical characteristics, eGFR and 24-hr urine. We evaluated the linear relationship of RI with multiple variables using multiple regression analysis. Sensitivity, specificity and area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating curve (ROC) were assessed.Results: Among the 137 participants, 48.9% were patients with type 1 DM and 51.1% with type 2 DM. Mean age ± SD was 42±15 years. The median 24-hr urine protein was 156 (IQR=149.5) mg/24hr. Mean eGFR was 104.26±17.25 (mL/min/1.73 m2). The mean RI was 0.7±0.06. The mean RI was significantly correlated with age and eGFR (r=0.64 & -0.56, P<0.001 respectively). Our multiple regression model relating mean RI to age, eGFR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), duration of diabetes and body mass index (BMI) was significant (overall F-test P-value<0.001). The AUC of the ROC curve of mean RI to identify a low eGFR was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.6 to 1). Sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 53% was calculated respectively.Conclusion: A significant linear relationship has been observed between RI and eGFR. This indicates RI values can determine the level of renal function loss with high accuracy.

scholarly journals BLOOD VELOCITY IN FUNCTION OF ARTERIOLES IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
O. B. Poselyugina ◽  
V. S. Volkov ◽  
E. V. Rudenko ◽  
N. Al Ghalban
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Blood Velocity ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Essential Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Flow Cycle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Design And Methods

Objective. To study blood velocity in arterioles in hypertensive patients by doppler. Design and methods. We assessed blood velocity in 90 patients with essential arterial hypertension (AH) and in 83 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with AH («Minimax-Doppler-K»), and in 102 control subjects: during systole (Vs, cm/s), diastole (Vd, cm/s) and during the mean blood flow cycle (Vm, cm/s). Then spontaneous changes of blood velocity were recorded during 1 minute. In patients with DM2 association between blood velocity and disease duration was studied. In 43 hypertensive patients Vsand Vdwere defined after treatment. Results. Hypertensive patients had the highest blood velocity, lower values were defined in healthy people, and hypertensive subjects with DM2demonstrated the lowest blood velocity. Fluctuations in blood velocity during systole were the highest in healthy people, less in hypertensives and the smallest in subjects with DM2 and AH. Variations of blood velocity during diastole were the highest in AH patients, less in patients with DM2 with AH and the least in healthy subjects. Blood velocity in arterioles is lower in patients with the longer duration of DM2. In treated hypertensive patients blood velocity in arterioles reduces. Conclusion. By assessment of blood flow velocity in arterioles we can evaluate the functional state of these vessels in hypertensive patients.

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