HyperapoB and dysfunctional white adipose tissue; relation to risk factors for type 2 diabetes in humans

FA (fatty acid) recycling in adipose tissue appears to be an important pathway for regulating FA release into the blood during fasting. Re-esterification requires G3P (glycerol 3-phosphate), which cannot be synthesized from glucose because glycolysis is much reduced under such circumstances. In addition, G3P can scarcely originate from glycerol since glycerol kinase has a very low activity in white adipose tissue. It was shown about 35 years ago that a metabolic pathway named glyceroneogenesis, which allows G3P synthesis from non-carbohydrate precursors like pyruvate, lactate or amino acids, is activated during fasting. The major enzyme in this pathway was shown to be PEPCK-C [cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP); EC 4.1.1.32]. The present review analyses the mechanisms by which a series of hormones and nutrients affect PEPCK-C gene transcription and glyceroneogenesis and describes evidence for dysregulation of this pathway in type 2 diabetes.

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LDL, LDL receptors, and PCSK9 as modulators of the risk for type 2 diabetes: a focus on white adipose tissue

Journal of Biomedical Research ◽

10.7555/jbr.34.20190124 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 251

Author(s):

May Faraj

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Ldl Receptors

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Sex hormones, obesity and type 2 diabetes: is there a link?

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-18-0450 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. R1-R9 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Alessandra Gambineri ◽

Carla Pelusi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Important Impact ◽

Visceral Adipose

An imbalance in sex hormones has an important impact on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) mainly through the involvement of visceral adipose tissue. Androgens have an interesting sex-dimorphic association with T2DM, since hyperandrogenism in females and hypogonadism in males are risk factors for T2DM. Thus, treatments aimed at correcting hyperandrogenism in females and hypogonadism in males may prevent the development of T2DM or help in its treatment.

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Buenos Aires, June 2021 Inhibition of Mitochondrial Fission by Drp-1 Blockade by Short-Term Leptin and Mdvi-1 Treatment Improves White Adipose Tissue Abnormalities in Obesity and Diabetes

10.1101/2021.07.23.453523 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Paola Finocchietto ◽

Hernán Perez ◽

Guillermo Blanco ◽

Verónica Miksztowicz ◽

Clarisa Marotte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽

Short Term ◽

Obesity And Diabetes

Background. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are chronic diseases characterized by insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and morphology abnormalities. Objective . Herein, we investigated if dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis is involved in an animal model of obesity and diabetes. Methods . The effect of short-term leptin and mdivi-1 –a selective inhibitor of Drp-1 fission-protein– treatment on mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis was evaluated in epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) from male ob/ob mice. Results . An increase in Drp-1 protein levels and a decrease in Mfn2 and OPA-1 protein expression were observed with enhanced and sustained mitochondrial fragmentation in ob/ob mice compared to wt C57BL/6 animals (p<0.05). The content of mitochondrial DNA and mRNA expression of PGC-1α –both parameters of mitochondrial biogenesis– were reduced in ob/ob mice (p<0.05). Leptin and mdivi-1 treatment signiﬁcantly increased mitochondrial biogenesis, improved fusion-to-ﬁssion balance and attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction, thus inducing white-to-beige adipocyte transdifferentiation. Measurements of glucose and lipid oxidation in adipocytes revealed that both leptin and mdivi-1 increase substrates oxidation while in vivo determination of blood glucose concentration showed decreased levels by 50% in ob/ob mice, almost to the wt level. Conclusions. Pharmacological targeting of Drp-1 fission protein may be a potential novel therapeutic tool for obesity and type 2 diabetes.

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Development of early metabolic and vascular disorders in young subjects

Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) ◽

10.18821/0023-2149-2016-94-3-231-234 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (3) ◽

pp. 231-234

Author(s):

E. M. Vasil’eva ◽

Anatoly V. Nikitin ◽

A. A. Bulat ◽

S. V. Zhemchuzhnikov

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

Resistin Level ◽

Dietary Regime ◽

Young Subjects

Deterioration of health characteristics and ever increasing diabetes and cardiovascular morbidity among young subjects imply the necessity of identification ofpossible risk factors of these conditions. We evaluated the prevalence of hyperlipoproteinemia and adipose tissue activity based on the results of screening for resistin level, aggravated heredity, disordered hydrocarbon metabolism, overweight, arterial hypertension, behaviour (physical overstrain, hypokinesia, smoking, inadequate dietary regime). The risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and overall risk of cardiovascular disorders were calculated.

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Role of MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue in Individuals With Obesity and Without Type 2 Diabetes

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2019.00840 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

O. Brovkina ◽

A. Nikitin ◽

D. Khodyrev ◽

E. Shestakova ◽

I. Sklyanik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue

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Anti-Obesity Effects of Sargassum thunbergii via Downregulation of Adipogenesis Gene and Upregulation of Thermogenic Genes in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12113325 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3325

Author(s):

Min-Cheol Kang ◽

Hyo-Geun Lee ◽

Hyun-Soo Kim ◽

Kyung-Mo Song ◽

Yong-Gi Chun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Obese Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Sargassum Thunbergii ◽

Fat Accumulation

Obesity is a metabolic disease characterized by an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. We have previously reported that compounds isolated from brown alga, Sargassum thunbergii (ST; Sargassum thunbergii (Mertens ex Roth) Kuntze), inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. However, the in vivo anti-obesity effects of these compounds have not been previously reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of ST on weight loss, fat accumulation, as well as risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. ST treatment significantly decreased body weight and fat accumulation in HFD-induced obese mice, while reducing insulin and factors related to cardiovascular diseases (triglyceride and total cholesterol) in serum. ST-induced downregulation of PPARγ in white adipose tissue, and upregulation of the thermogenic genes, UCP-1 and UCP-3, in brown adipose tissue was also observed. In addition, oral administration of ST reduced the occurrence of fatty liver, as well as the amount of white adipose tissue in HFD mice. Cumulatively, these results suggest that ST exerts anti-obesity effects and may serve as a potential anti-obesity therapeutic agent.

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