scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of Sargassum thunbergii via Downregulation of Adipogenesis Gene and Upregulation of Thermogenic Genes in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3325
Author(s):  
Min-Cheol Kang ◽  
Hyo-Geun Lee ◽  
Hyun-Soo Kim ◽  
Kyung-Mo Song ◽  
Yong-Gi Chun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sargassum Thunbergii ◽  
Fat Accumulation

Obesity is a metabolic disease characterized by an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. We have previously reported that compounds isolated from brown alga, Sargassum thunbergii (ST; Sargassum thunbergii (Mertens ex Roth) Kuntze), inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. However, the in vivo anti-obesity effects of these compounds have not been previously reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of ST on weight loss, fat accumulation, as well as risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. ST treatment significantly decreased body weight and fat accumulation in HFD-induced obese mice, while reducing insulin and factors related to cardiovascular diseases (triglyceride and total cholesterol) in serum. ST-induced downregulation of PPARγ in white adipose tissue, and upregulation of the thermogenic genes, UCP-1 and UCP-3, in brown adipose tissue was also observed. In addition, oral administration of ST reduced the occurrence of fatty liver, as well as the amount of white adipose tissue in HFD mice. Cumulatively, these results suggest that ST exerts anti-obesity effects and may serve as a potential anti-obesity therapeutic agent.

P735Interleukin-33 induced eosinophilia restores perivascular adipose tissue function in obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Saxton ◽  
R J Potter ◽  
S B Withers ◽  
R Grencis ◽  
A M Heagerty
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue

Abstract Background/Purpose Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is essential in the modulation of vascular tone. Recently we have shown that resident eosinophils play a vital role in regulating PVAT function. In obesity, eosinophil numbers are reduced and PVAT anticontractile function is lost, resulting in increased vascular tone, which will contribute to development of hypertension and type-2 diabetes. Evidence suggests that eosinophilia resulting from parasitic infection may be useful in improving glucose tolerance; therefore, we investigated the effects of eosinophilia on PVAT function in health and obesity. Methods Control mice and a high fat fed mouse model of obesity were administered intraperitoneal injections of interleukin-33 (IL-33, 0.1μg) over a five day period. Blood pressure, blood glucose and plasma insulin were measured and compared with un-injected control and obese mice. Wire myography was used to assess the vascular contractility of mesenteric arteries (<250μm, +/− PVAT) from both injected and un-injected control and obese mice in response to noradrenaline. ELISAs and immunohistochemistry were used to examine eosinophil numbers. Results High fat feeding induced significant elevations in blood pressure, blood glucose and plasma insulin, which were reduced using IL-33 injections. Eosinophilia was confirmed in blood plasma using an eosinophil cationic protein ELISA. Using wire myography, mesenteric arteries from control mice PVAT exerted an anticontractile effect on the vessels, which was enhanced in control mice injected with IL-33. In obese mice, the PVAT anticontractile effect was lost, but was restored in IL-33 injected obese mice. Using immunohistochemistry, we confirm that eosinophils numbers in PVAT were reduced in obesity and increased in IL-33 treated PVAT. Conclusions IL-33 injections induced eosinophilia in both control and obese mice. IL-33 treatment restored PVAT function in obesity, and enhanced the anticontractile function of PVAT in healthy animals. In addition, only five consecutive injections of IL-33 reversed development of hypertension and type-2 diabetes in obese mice. These data suggest that IL-33 induced eosinophilia presents a novel approach to treatment of hypertension and type-2 diabetes in obesity. Acknowledgement/Funding British Heart Foundation

scholarly journals Tetrahydrocurcumin Upregulates the Adiponectin-AdipoR Pathway and Improves Insulin Signaling and Pancreatic β-Cell Function in High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4552
Author(s):  
Yi-Zhen Tsai ◽  
Mei-Ling Tsai ◽  
Li-Yin Hsu ◽  
Chi-Tang Ho ◽  
Ching-Shu Lai
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Islet Mass ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Β Cell Function

Impairment of adiponectin production and function is closely associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, which are linked to obesity. Studies in animal models have documented the anti-diabetic effects of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC). Although several possible mechanisms have been proposed, the contribution of adiponectin signaling on THC-mediated antihyperglycemic effects remains unknown. Here, we report that adiposity, steatosis, and hyperglycemia were potently attenuated in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic obese mice after they received 20 and 100 mg/kg THC for 14 weeks. THC upregulated UCP-1 in adipose tissue and elevated adiponectin levels in the circulation. THC upregulated the AdipoR1/R2-APPL1-mediated pathway in the liver and skeletal muscle, which contributes to improved insulin signaling, glucose utilization, and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, THC treatment significantly (p < 0.05) preserved islet mass, reduced apoptosis, and restored defective insulin expression in the pancreatic β-cells of diabetic obese mice, which was accompanied by an elevation of AdipoR1 and APPL1. These results demonstrated a potential mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of THC against hyperglycemia via the adiponectin-AdipoR pathway, and thus, may lead to a novel therapeutic use for type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Polyphenol-Rich Fraction of Brown AlgaEcklonia cavaCollected from Gijang, Korea, Reduces Obesity and Glucose Levels in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Young Park ◽  
Eung Hwi Kim ◽  
Mi Hwi Kim ◽  
Young Wan Seo ◽  
Jung Im Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glucose Levels

Ecklonia cava (E. cava)is a brown alga that has beneficial effects in models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, the effects ofE. cavaextracts on diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes have not been specifically examined. We investigated the effects ofE. cavaon body weight, fat content, and hyperglycemia in high-fat diet- (HFD) induced obese mice and sought the mechanisms involved. C57BL/6 male mice were fed a HFD (60% fat) diet or normal chow. After 3 weeks, the HFD diet group was given extracts (200 mg/kg) ofE. cavaharvested from Jeju (CA) or Gijang (G-CA), Korea or PBS by oral intubation for 8 weeks. Body weights were measured weekly. Blood glucose and glucose tolerance were measured at 7 weeks, and fat pad content and mRNA expression of adipogenic genes and inflammatory cytokines were measured after 8 weeks of treatment. G-CA was effective in reducing body weight gain, body fat, and hyperglycemia and improving glucose tolerance as compared with PBS-HFD mice. The mRNA expression of adipogenic genes was increased, and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and macrophage marker gene was decreased in G-CA-treated obese mice. We suggest that G-CA reduces obesity and glucose levels by anti-inflammatory actions and improvement of lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Proteomic white adipose tissue analysis of obese mice fed with a high-fat diet and treated with oral angiotensin-(1–7)

Peptides ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Marcus Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Fernanda de Oliveira Lemos ◽  
Simone da Fonseca Pires ◽  
Ruben Dario Sinisterra Millán ◽  
Frederico Barros de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat

scholarly journals Lyophilized Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) Berry Induces Browning in the Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue and Ameliorates the Insulin Resistance in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Sandoval ◽  
Antoni Femenias ◽  
Úrsula Martínez-Garza ◽  
Hèctor Sanz-Lamora ◽  
Juan Castagnini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Aristotelia Chilensis

Maqui (Aristotelia Chilensis) berry features a unique profile of anthocyanidins that includes high amounts of delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside-5-O-glucoside and delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside and has shown positive effects on fasting glucose and insulin levels in humans and murine models of type 2 diabetes and obesity. The molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of maqui on the onset and development of the obese phenotype and insulin resistance was investigated in high fat diet-induced obese mice supplemented with a lyophilized maqui berry. Maqui-dietary supplemented animals showed better insulin response and decreased weight gain but also a differential expression of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, multilocular lipid droplet formation and thermogenesis in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT). These changes correlated with an increased expression of the carbohydrate response element binding protein b (Chrebpb), the sterol regulatory binding protein 1c (Srebp1c) and Cellular repressor of adenovirus early region 1A–stimulated genes 1 (Creg1) and an improvement in the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) signaling. Our evidence suggests that maqui dietary supplementation activates the induction of fuel storage and thermogenesis characteristic of a brown-like phenotype in scWAT and counteracts the unhealthy metabolic impact of an HFD. This induction constitutes a putative strategy to prevent/treat diet-induced obesity and its associated comorbidities.

scholarly journals High-fat diet ingestion correlates with neuropathy in the duodenum myenteric plexus of obese mice with symptoms of type 2 diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 354 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe M. Stenkamp-Strahm ◽  
Adam J. Kappmeyer ◽  
Joe T. Schmalz ◽  
Martin Gericke ◽  
Onesmo Balemba
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat

scholarly journals Baicalein Protects against Type 2 Diabetes via Promoting Isletβ-Cell Function in Obese Diabetic Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Fu ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
Zhenquan Jia ◽  
Wei Zhen ◽  
Kequan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Middle Aged

In both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), the deterioration of glycemic control over time is primarily caused by an inadequate mass and progressive dysfunction ofβ-cell, leading to the impaired insulin secretion. Here, we show that dietary supplementation of baicalein, a flavone isolated from the roots of Chinese herbScutellaria baicalensis, improved glucose tolerance and enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in high-fat diet (HFD-) induced middle-aged obese mice. Baicalein had no effect on food intake, body weight gain, circulating lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Using another mouse model of type 2 diabetes generated by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and low doses of streptozotocin injection, we found that baicalein treatment significantly improved hyperglycemia, glucose tolerance, and blood insulin levels in these middle-aged obese diabetic mice, which are associated with the improved isletβ-cell survival and mass. In thein vitrostudies, baicalein significantly augmented GSIS and promoted viability of insulin-secreting cells and human islets cultured either in the basal medium or under chronic hyperlipidemic condition. These results demonstrate that baicalein may be a naturally occurring antidiabetic agent by directly modulating pancreaticβ-cell function.

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