Incidence, prevalence of survival of neuroendocrine neoplasia in England 1995-2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
White Benjamin Easton ◽  
Kandiah Chandrakumaran ◽  
Kwok Wong ◽  
Brian Rous ◽  
Catherine Bouvier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasia ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Syntropie von Krankheiten

1965 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Lange
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Prevalence

Die Bezeichnung Syntropie geht auf den Pädiater Pfaundler zurück. Syntropie bedeutet, daß zwischen zwei Krankheiten eine Art gegenseitiger »Anziehung«, Dystropie hingegen, daß eine Art »Abstoßung« besteht. Erster Schritt der Syntropieforschung ist die statistische Prüfung, ob beobachtete Koinzidenzen von Krankheiten als zufällige Phänomene betrachtet werden müssen. Viele Ansätze auf dem Gebiet der Syntropieforschung sind falsch. Die Fehler beruhen — abgesehen von Fragen der Dokumentation und der Definition von Krankheitseinheiten — nicht selten auf der Nichtbeachtung folgender Punkte:1. Es ist oft sehr schwierig, die Vergleichsgruppen bzw. die Populationen sinnvoll abzugrenzen.2. »Statistisch gesicherte« Assoziierungen oder Dissoziierungen zwischen zwei Krankheiten können ohne dahinterstehende biologische Realität gleichsam als artifizielle statistische Effekte entstehen:a) Durch verschieden große Selektion der zu untersuchenden Krankheitsfälle, z. B. durch frühere Sterblichkeit, durch unterschiedliche Einweisungshäufigkeiten und verschieden intensive Diagnostik bei klinischem Krankheitsgut oder durch unterschiedliche Letalität bzw. verschieden große Sektionshäufigkeiten bei Obduktionsmaterial.b) Als Heterogenitätseffekt (illusory associations by amalgamation of subgroups).3. Durch Nichtbeachtung des Zeitablaufs beim Auftreten der Krankheiten (incidence, prevalence, competition of risks).Es gibt keine Standardverfahren zur Uberwindung dieser Schwierigkeiten. Die Methoden müssen der Materialgewinnung und den Besonderheiten der betrachteten Krankheiten in den zu vergleichenden Gruppen angepaßt werden.

scholarly journals Acute and chronic exposure to air pollution in relation with incidence, prevalence, severity and mortality of COVID-19: a rapid systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. M. C. Katoto ◽  
Amanda S. Brand ◽  
Buket Bakan ◽  
Paul Musa Obadia ◽  
Carsi Kuhangana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutant ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Abstract Background Air pollution is one of the world’s leading mortality risk factors contributing to seven million deaths annually. COVID-19 pandemic has claimed about one million deaths in less than a year. However, it is unclear whether exposure to acute and chronic air pollution influences the COVID-19 epidemiologic curve. Methods We searched for relevant studies listed in six electronic databases between December 2019 and September 2020. We applied no language or publication status limits. Studies presented as original articles, studies that assessed risk, incidence, prevalence, or lethality of COVID-19 in relation with exposure to either short-term or long-term exposure to ambient air pollution were included. All patients regardless of age, sex and location diagnosed as having COVID-19 of any severity were taken into consideration. We synthesised results using harvest plots based on effect direction. Results Included studies were cross-sectional (n = 10), retrospective cohorts (n = 9), ecological (n = 6 of which two were time-series) and hypothesis (n = 1). Of these studies, 52 and 48% assessed the effect of short-term and long-term pollutant exposure, respectively and one evaluated both. Pollutants mostly studied were PM2.5 (64%), NO2 (50%), PM10 (43%) and O3 (29%) for acute effects and PM2.5 (85%), NO2 (39%) and O3 (23%) then PM10 (15%) for chronic effects. Most assessed COVID-19 outcomes were incidence and mortality rate. Acutely, pollutants independently associated with COVID-19 incidence and mortality were first PM2.5 then PM10, NO2 and O3 (only for incident cases). Chronically, similar relationships were found for PM2.5 and NO2. High overall risk of bias judgments (86 and 39% in short-term and long-term exposure studies, respectively) was predominantly due to a failure to adjust aggregated data for important confounders, and to a lesser extent because of a lack of comparative analysis. Conclusion The body of evidence indicates that both acute and chronic exposure to air pollution can affect COVID-19 epidemiology. The evidence is unclear for acute exposure due to a higher level of bias in existing studies as compared to moderate evidence with chronic exposure. Public health interventions that help minimize anthropogenic pollutant source and socio-economic injustice/disparities may reduce the planetary threat posed by both COVID-19 and air pollution pandemics.

scholarly journals FRI0526 THE INCIDENCE, PREVALENCE AND MEDICATION USE OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AMONG KOREAN WOMEN IN CHILDBEARING YEARS: A NATIONWIDE POPULATION-BASED STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 862.2-863
Author(s):  
M. K. Chung ◽  
J. S. Park ◽  
H. S. Lim ◽  
C. H. Lee ◽  
J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Antirheumatic Drugs ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) predominantly affects women and has a significant impact on childbearing. Several population-based studies identifying incidence, prevalence, and medication use of RA have been reported, yet epidemiological studies focusing on women with RA in childbearing years are missing.Objectives:We aimed to identify the incidence, prevalence and medication use of RA among Korean women in childbearing years.Methods:From National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) data (2009-2016), containing inpatient and outpatient claim information for approximately 97% of the Korean population, we identified 9,217,139 women aged between 20-44 years. Incidence and prevalence of RA in the specific sociodemographic group of women in childbearing age were analyzed, and the prevalence of medication prescription were compared between women with RA and controls without rheumatic diseases such as RA, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis. Individuals with RA were defined by the presence of International Classification of Disease, 10th revision code, M05. The medication use was defined as receiving > 90days prescriptions of NSAIDs, corticosteroids (CSs), and conventional synthetic (cs) disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or > 1day prescription of biologic (b) DMARDs.Results:Total 24,590 women with RA were identified. The average incidence of RA during 2011-2016 among women in childbearing years was 24.1/100,000 person-years (PYs) (95% CI 20.91-27.31) with a yearly increase from 20.99/100,000 PYs in 2011 to 28.38/100,000 PYs in 2016. The average prevalence of RA during 2009-2016 among women in childbearing years was 105.2/100,000 PYs (95% CI 99.0-111.5) with a minimum of 95.7/100,000 PYs in 2009 and a maximum of 110.5/100,000 PYs in 2016. There were increasing trends in both incidence and prevalence of RA according to age among women in childbearing years peaking in the age group of 40-44 years. The prescriptions of NSAIDs, CSs, csDMARDs and bDMARDs were more frequent in women with RA than controls (NSAIDs; 94.21% vs 21.79%, CSs; 83.65% vs 4.28%, csDMARDs; 91.23% vs 0.41%, bDMARDs; 0.11% vs 0%, p<0.001).Conclusion:The incidence and prevalence of RA are high among Korean women in childbearing years, and medication use was significantly more frequent in this specific population than controls. High disease burden is imposed upon women in childbearing years.References:[1] Won S, Cho SK, Kim D, Han M, Lee J, Jang EJ, Sung YK, Bae SC: Update on the prevalence and incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in Korea and an analysis of medical care and drug utilization. Rheumatol Int 2018, 38(4):649-656.[2] Smeele HTW, Dolhain R: Current perspectives on fertility, pregnancy and childbirth in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2019, 49(3s):S32-s35.Table 1.Medication use among women with RA and controls in childbearing age between 20-44 years during 2009-2016Control(n=155,486)RA(n=23,756)n(%)n(%)PNSAIDs33,887(21.79)22,380(94.21)<.0001Steroids6,653(4.28)19,871(83.65)<.0001csDMARDs634(0.41)21,673(91.23)<.0001bDMARDs0(0.00)27(0.11)<.0001RA, rheumatoid arthritis; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; cs, conventional synthetic; b, biologic; DMARDs, disease modifying antirheumatic drugsDisclosure of Interests:None declared

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