scholarly journals Dynamics of progesterone and estrogen receptor alpha in the ventromedial hypothalamus

2017 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana I Sá ◽  
Bruno M Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamus ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Ovarian Hormone ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus

Cyclic fluctuations of estradiol and progesterone in females influence neuronal activity in the ventrolateral division of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMNvl), through the activation of progesterone receptors (PRs) and estrogen receptors (ERs). The expression of ER and PR in the VMNvl is influenced by their cognate ligands and is a central upstream trigger in the pathway of VMNvl-dependent modulation of endocrine responses. By studying the role played by estradiol and progesterone in PR and ERa expression in the VMNvl along the estrous cycle and how the two receptors interact in the same neuron, we aim to evaluate the synergistic action of both ovarian hormones in the regulation of VMNvl activity. In animals at all phases of the estrous cycle, the number of VMN neurons expressing PR or ERa was estimated by stereological methods, and the percentage, and rostro-caudal distribution, of neurons simultaneously expressing both receptors was determined. The highest number of PR-immunoreactive neurons was seen at proestrus, and of ERa-immunoreactive neurons was seen at proestrus and metestrus. The ERa/PR co-localization is increased at caudal levels. Approximately half the neurons expressing PR co-express ERa, a proportion that stays constant along the estrous cycle. The percentage of ERa neurons co-expressing PR changes from 60% at proestrus to 40% at metestrus. Fluctuations in circulating ovarian hormone levels promote coordinated changes in PR and ERa expression and co-localization. This may be an important mechanism in the regulation of input relayed by the VMNvl, allowing a precise modulation of endocrine responses.

scholarly journals Regulation of uterine function during estrous cycle, anestrus phase and pregnancy by steroids in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika M. Kotlarczyk ◽  
Martyna Grzyb ◽  
Anna J. Korzekwa
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Steroid Production ◽  
Steroid Synthesis ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Aromatase

AbstractSteroid synthesis and production in ruminant uterus is not obvious, especially in seasonally reproduced. We compared steroid production by investigating enzymes involved in red deer uterine steroid metabolism in reproductive seasons. Blood and uteri (endometrium and myometrium) were collected post mortem from hinds on 4th day (N = 8), 13th day of the cycle (N = 8), anestrus (N = 8) and pregnancy (N = 8). The expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450), 3 -beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), 17 -beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), aldo–keto reductase family 1 C1 (AKR1C1), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), and progesterone receptors (PRs), were analyzed using real-time-PCR and Western Blotting. Plasma samples were assayed for 17-beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone (T4) concentrations by EIA. Hinds at the beginning of the estrous cycle, mainly in endometrium, were characterized by a high mRNA expression of 3β-HSD, AKR1C1, PRs and ERα, contrary to the expression in myometrium during pregnancy (P < 0.05). For P4, E2, and FSH, concentration was the highest during the 13th day of the estrous cycle (P < 0.05). Uterine steroid production and output in hinds as a representative seasonally reproduced ruminant occurred mainly during the estrous cycle and sustained in anestrus.

scholarly journals Knockout Mice Lacking Steroidogenic Factor 1 Are a Novel Genetic Model of Hypothalamic Obesity

Endocrinology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Majdic ◽  
Morag Young ◽  
Elise Gomez-Sanchez ◽  
Paul Anderson ◽  
Lidia S. Szczepaniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Model ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamus ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hypothalamic Obesity ◽  
Steroidogenic Factor 1 ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus

Abstract Knockout (KO) mice lacking steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) exhibit a phenotype that includes adrenal and gonadal agenesis, impaired gonadotropin expression, and abnormalities of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH). Studies in rodents with lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus have implicated the VMH in body weight regulation, suggesting that SF-1 KO mice may provide a genetic model of obesity. To prevent death, SF-1 KO mice were rescued with corticosteroid injections, followed by syngeneic adrenal transplants from wild-type (WT) littermates. Corticosterone and ACTH levels in WT and SF-1 KO mice were indistinguishable, documenting restoration of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function. Although weights at earlier ages did not differ significantly from WT littermates, SF-1 KO mice were significantly heavier by 8 wk of age and eventually weighed almost twice as much as WT controls. Obesity in SF-1 KO mice predominantly resulted from decreased activity rather than increased food intake. Leptin was increased markedly, insulin was modestly elevated, and glucose was indistinguishable from WT mice. Although sex steroids in rodents affect weight, ovariectomy did not abolish the weight difference between WT and SF-1 KO mice. These SF-1 KO mice are a genetic model of late-onset obesity that may help elucidate the role of the VMH in weight regulation.

scholarly journals Association of genetic polymorphisms of estrogen and progesterone receptors and endometriosis: Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Priscila Prais Carneiro ◽  
Bruna Vicente de Oliveira ◽  
Antonio Marcio Teodoro Cordeiro Silva
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Beta ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Estrogen And Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Receptor Alpha ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Receptor Beta

Purpose: To investigate the association between polymorphisms in the genes of estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, and progesterone receptor and the genesis of endometriosis. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of articles published fully in the PubMed database, in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, from 2006 to 2017, using the descriptors: “endometriosis,” “polymorphism,” “ESR1,” “ESR2,” “PROGINS,” “rs9340799,” “rs4986938,” and “rs1042838.” Results: A total of 20 studies were included based on the criterion of search for susceptibility to endometriosis related to polymorphisms of estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, and progesterone receptor genes. Analysis of all polymorphisms found no association with endometriosis. Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, and progesterone receptor polymorphisms are not related to susceptibility to endometriosis. However, such results may be able to provide more detailed interpretations of how they influence the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

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