scholarly journals In vivo imaging of in situ motility of fresh and liquid stored ram spermatozoa in the ewe genital tract

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Druart ◽  
Juliette Cognié ◽  
Gérard Baril ◽  
Frédérique Clément ◽  
Jean-Louis Dacheux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Video Images ◽  
Liquid Storage ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Intra Uterine Insemination

The fertility of ram semen after cervical insemination is substantially reduced by 24 h of storage in liquid form. The effects of liquid storage on the transit of ram spermatozoa in the ewe genital tract was investigated using a new procedure allowing direct observation of the spermatozoa in the genital tract. Ejaculated ram spermatozoa were double labeled with R18 and MitoTracker Green FM, and used to inseminate ewes in estrus either cervically through the vagina or laparoscopically into the base of the uterine horns. Four hours after insemination, the spermatozoa were directly observedin situusing fibered confocal fluorescence microscopy in the base, middle and tip of the uterine horns, the utero-tubal junction (UTJ) and the oviduct. The high resolution video images obtained with this technique allowed determination of the distribution of spermatozoa and individual motility in the lumen of the ewe's genital tract. The results showed a gradient of increasing concentration of spermatozoa from the base of the uterus to the UTJ 4 h after intra-uterine insemination into the base of the horns. The UTJ was shown to be a storage region for spermatozoa before their transfer to the oviduct. Thein vitrostorage of spermatozoa in liquid form decreased their migration through the cervix and reduced the proportion of motile spermatozoa and their straight line velocity at the UTJ and their transit into the oviduct.

Determination of mosquito bloodmeal pH in situ by ion-selective microelectrode measurement: implications for the regulation of malarial gametogenesis

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. BILLKER ◽  
A. J. MILLER ◽  
R. E. SINDEN
Keyword(s):  
Xanthurenic Acid ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ph Increase ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Dose Dependent

Malarial gametocytes circulate in the peripheral blood of the vertebrate host as developmentally arrested intra-erythrocytic cells, which only resume development into gametes when ingested into the bloodmeal of the female mosquito vector. The ensuing development encompasses sexual reproduction and mediates parasite transmission to the insect. In vitro the induction of gametogenesis requires a drop in temperature and either a pH increase from physiological blood pH (ca pH 7·4) to about pH 8·0, or the presence of a gametocyte-activating factor recently identified as xanthurenic acid (XA). However, it is unclear whether either the pH increase or XA act as natural triggers in the mosquito bloodmeal. We here use pH-sensitive microelectrodes to determine bloodmeal pH in intact mosquitoes. Measurements taken in the first 30 min after ingestion, when malarial gametogenesis is induced in vivo, revealed small pH increases from 7·40 (mouse blood) to 7·52 in Aedes aegypti and to 7·58 in Anophěles stephensi. However, bloodmeal pH was clearly suboptimal if compared to values required to induce gametogenesis in vitro. Xanthurenic acid is shown to extend the pH-range of exflagellation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner to values that we have observed in the bloodmeal, suggesting that in vivo malarial gametogenesis could be further regulated by both these factors.

In Vitro and In Situ Absorption and Metabolism of Sesquiterpenes from Petasites hybridus Extracts

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 795-805
Author(s):  
Lucia Disch ◽  
Kristina Forsch ◽  
Beate Siewert ◽  
Jürgen Drewe ◽  
Gert Fricker
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
In Situ Absorption ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
S9 Fraction

Abstract Petasites hybridus extract is used in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the active constituent petasin and its isomers isopetasin and neopetasin (petasins) in the P. hybridus extract Ze 339 for liberation, dissolution, absorption, and metabolism. The determination of pH-dependent thermodynamic solubility was performed via the shake-flask method. Petasins exhibited a low solubility that was pH independent. In vivo, the concentration of solute drugs is decreased continuously by intestinal absorption. Therefore, low solubility is not assumed to be critical for in vivo performance. Additionally, dissolution of an herbal medicinal product containing P. hybridus extract Ze 339 was assessed. Furthermore, high permeability through Caco-2 monolayers was evident. Using an in situ rat model, absorption capacity for petasins was found in all tested intestinal segments, namely, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Besides, high metabolism was evident both in Caco-2 monolayers and in the rat intestine. To compare intestinal and hepatic metabolism of petasins, in vitro enzyme assays using liver and intestinal cytosol and microsomes (S9 fraction) of rats and humans were performed. A significantly higher metabolic rate was found in the liver S9 fraction of both species compared with the intestinal S9 fraction.

Biological Determination of Photosynthetic Inhibitors in Soils and Water and Application of Bioassays to Herbicide Investigations

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 964-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfried Pestemer
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Inhibitors ◽  
Biological Determination

Abstract Bioassay techniques and procedures for the determination of photosynthetic inhibitors in situ , in vivo, and in vitro are reviewed. Examples of bioassays for herbicide development and research are given.

An Overview: The Evaluation of Formation Mechanisms, Preparation Techniques and Chemical and Analytical Characterization Methods of the In Situ Forming Implants

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muge Kilicarslan ◽  
Ayse Nur Buke
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
In Situ Forming

: One of the major developments of the last decade is the preparation of in situ forming implant formulations. Injectable, biocompatible and/or biodegradable polymer based in situ implants are classified differently due to implant formation based on in vivo solid depot or formation mechanisms inducing liquid form, gel or solid depot. In this review, published studies to date regarding in situ forming implant systems were compiled and their formation mechanisms, materials and methods used, routes of administration, chemical and analytical characterizations, quality control tests and in vitro dissolution tests were compared in Tables and they were evaluated. There are several advantages and disadvantages of these dosage forms due to the formation mechanism, polymer and solvent type and the ratio used in formulations and all of these parameters were discussed separately. In addition, new generation systems developed to overcome the difficulties encountered in in situ implants have been evaluated. There are, some approved products of in situ implant preparations that can be used for different indications are available on the market and the clinical phase studies nowadays. In vitro and in vivo data obtained by the analysis of the application of new technologies in many studies evaluated in this review showed that the number of approved drugs to be used for various indications with different drugs would increase in the future.

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
D. Reis ◽  
B. Vian ◽  
J. C. Roland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

A Molecular Approach to Immunoscintigraphy: A Study of the T-Antigen Conformation on the Surface of Tumors

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvaraj ◽  
M. R. Suresh ◽  
G. McLean ◽  
D. Willans ◽  
C. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Human Carcinomas ◽  
Animal Tumor ◽  
Synthetic Antigens

The role of glycoconjugates in tumor cell differentiation has been well documented. We have examined the expression of the two anomers of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen on the surface of human, canine and murine tumor cell membranes both in vitro and in vivo. This has been accomplished through the synthesis of the disaccharide terminal residues in both a and ß configuration. Both entities were used to generate murine monoclonal antibodies which recognized the carbohydrate determinants. The determination of fine specificities of these antibodies was effected by means of cellular uptake, immunohistopathology and immunoscintigraphy. Examination of pathological specimens of human and canine tumor tissue indicated that the expressed antigen was in the β configuration. More than 89% of all human carcinomas tested expressed the antigen in the above anomeric form. The combination of synthetic antigens and monoclonal antibodies raised specifically against them provide us with invaluable tools for the study of tumor marker expression in humans and their respective animal tumor models.

Storage of Human Blood Platelets

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R Hardeman ◽  
Carina J L. Heynens
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Serotonin Uptake ◽  
Hypotonic Shock ◽  
Glycolytic Intermediates

SummaryStorage experiments were performed at 4°, 25° and 37° C with platelet-rich plasma under sterile conditions. In some experiments also the effect of storing platelets at 4° C in whole blood was investigated.Before, during and after three days of storage, the platelets were tested at 37° C for their serotonin uptake and response to hypotonic shock. In addition some glycolytic intermediates were determined.A fair correlation was noticed between the serotonin uptake and hypotonic shock experiments. Both parameters were best maintained at 25° C. Also platelet counting, performed after the storage period, indicated 25° C as the best storage temperature. Determination of glycolytic intermediates did not justify any conclusion regarding the optimal storage temperature. Of the various anticoagulants studied, ACD and heparin gave the best results as to the serotonin uptake and hypotonic shock response, either with fresh or stored platelets. The use of EDTA resulted in the lowest activity, especially after storage.The results of these storage experiments in vitro, correspond well with those in vivo reported in the literature.

Evaluation of Structure-Controlled Silk Fibroin Coatings for Orthopedic Infection and In-Situ Osteogenesis: In Vitro and In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhao Zhou ◽  
Teng Zhang ◽  
Jianglong Yan ◽  
QiYao Li ◽  
Panpan Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Orthopedic Infection

Carbon dots derived from Fusobacterium nucleatum for intracellular determination of Fe3+ and bioimaging both in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Liu ◽  
Shengting Zhang ◽  
Xiaodan Zheng ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Dots ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon

Fusobacterium nucleatum has been employed for the first time to synthesize fluorescent carbon dots which could be applied for the determination of Fe3+ ions in living cells and bioimaging in vitro and in vivo with excellent biocompatibility.

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