scholarly journals Relationships of changes in B-mode echotexture and colour-Doppler signals in the wall of the preovulatory follicle to changes in systemic oestradiol concentrations and the effects of human chorionic gonadotrophin in mares

Reproduction ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
E L Gastal ◽  
M O Gastal ◽  
O J Ginther
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Grey Scale ◽  
Doppler Signals ◽  
Negative Effect

A duplex grey-scale and colour-Doppler ultrasound instrument was used to study the changes in the wall of the preovulatory follicle in mares. When the follicle reached ≥35 mm (hour 0), mares were randomized into control (n= 16) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-treated (n= 16) groups. The hCG treatment was given at hour 0. Scanning was done every 12 h until hour 36, every hour between hours 36 and 48, and every 12 h thereafter until ovulation. Blood was sampled every 12 h for oestradiol assay. During the period 0–24 h post-treatment, oestradiol concentrations decreased in the hCG group and increased in the controls (significant interaction). During the period 0–36 h post-treatment, thickness and echogenicity of the granulosa increased in the hCG group but not in the controls. During the period 36 to 12 h before ovulation, granulosa and colour-Doppler end-points increased in the control and hCG groups (hour effects), while oestradiol was decreasing in both groups. The prominence and percentage of follicle circumference with an anechoic band peripheral to the granulosa and colour-Doppler signals in the follicle wall, indicating arterial blood flow, decreased during the period 4 to 1 h before ovulation (hour effects). Results indicated that the ultrasonographic changes of the wall of the preovulatory follicle were not associated temporally with changes in oestradiol concentrations and prominence of an anechoic band, and colour-Doppler signals decreased during the few hours before ovulation. The hypothesis that the latter portion of the ovulatory LH surge has a negative effect on systemic oestradiol was supported by the immediate decrease in oestradiol concentrations when hCG was injected.

ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TESTICULAR BLOOD FLOW AND SECRETION OF TESTOSTERONE IN ANESTHETIZED DOGS STIMULATED WITH HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen B. Eik-Nes
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
The Relationship

The concentration of testosterone has been measured in spermatic vein blood from the left testis in 25 anesthetized dogs, stimulated with human chorionic gonadotrophin and infused with arterial blood via the left spermatic artery at different rates. The secretion of testosterone varied with the rate at which arterial blood was infused and at a constant infusion rate of 3.81 ml/min, animals weighing from 19 to 23 kg produced testosterone at a constant rate over 90 minutes. Infusion rates lower than this decreased the secretion of testosterone, and if arterial blood was infused at a rate of 0.76 ml/min for the first 30 minutes of experimentation, the capacity of the infused testis to secrete testosterone in the ensuing 60 minutes was impaired even in animals given large doses of human chorionic gonadotrophin via the left spermatic artery. A relationship between the arterial blood flow to the testis and its ability to secrete testosterone under the influence of human chorionic gonadotrophin is thus established.

A prolonged antibiotic protocol to treat persistent Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection improves the extracranial venous circulation in multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Thibault ◽  
John Attia ◽  
Chris Oldmeadow
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Chlamydophila Pneumoniae ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Affected Side

Objective Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a condition associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). One mechanism that has been proposed is that the venous obstructions found in MS are due to a chronic persistent venulitis caused by the intra-cellular bacterial parasite, Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Cpn). The objective of the current study is to determine the effect of a combined antibiotic protocol (CAP) on the venous flow in MS patients as measured by a quantitative duplex ultrasound examination (QDUS). Method A non-randomised before-after cohort study was conducted to investigate differences in blood flow volumes pre and 6-months post antibiotic treatment for Cpn infection. Flow volume data were measured by QDUS across affected and unaffected sides from multiple veins segments, including internal jugular vein (IJV) segments J2 and J3, and vertebral vein (VV), as well as global arterial blood flow (GABF). Results 91 patients were included in the study. 64 (70%) were found to have positive Cpn serology. There was a statistically significant post-treatment difference seen for the affected side of Cpn infected patients (mean difference = 56 mL/min, p = 0.02). There was a non-significant increase seen for the affected side of uninfected patients (mean difference = 23 mL/min, p = 0.2). The difference in these effects (34 mL/min) was not statistically significant ( p = 0.3). The mean flow rate decreased in the unaffected side for both infected (−27 mL/min, p = 0.5) and uninfected patients (−69 mL/min, p = 0.01). There was a statistically significant post-treatment increase in GABF for the infected patients (mean difference = 90 mL/min, p = 0.02) and a difference of 76 mL/min for non-infected patients ( p = 0.01). Conclusion A CAP appears to improve the extra-cranial circulation in patients diagnosed with MS. This effect is statistically significant in patients with positive Cpn serology, although patients with negative Cpn serology also show some benefit, betraying a lack of specificity of this effect.

STEROIDOGENESIS IN HUMAN FOLLICLES APPROACHING OVULATION AS JUDGED FROM ASSAYS OF FOLLICULAR FLUID

1977 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. FOWLER ◽  
S. T. H. CHAN ◽  
D. E. WALTERS ◽  
R. G. EDWARDS ◽  
P. C. STEPTOE
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles

SUMMARY Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was given to patients at mid-cycle before the endogenous LH surge. Graafian follicles were aspirated 32–33 h later, before ovulation was expected, and the levels of several steroids in follicular fluid and in matching serum samples were measured by radioimmunoassay. Two types of Graafian follicle were identified at laparoscopy, based on the nature of the oocyte, granulosa cells and follicular fluid withdrawn from the follicles. Some were large, preovulatory and presumably becoming luteinized while others were generally smaller, non-ovulatory and still growing. The concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and 17α-hydroxypregnenolone (Δ5 intermediates), androstenedione and testosterone were higher in non-ovulatory follicles, whereas large follicles usually contained high levels of progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, pregnenolone and oestradiol-17β. A cluster analysis of these data grouped follicles into two distinct clusters, which accorded with their identification as ovulatory or non-ovulatory at laparoscopy. Levels of progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and oestradiol-17β in follicular fluid were high in preovulatory follicles in comparison with plasma. Results in two patients indicated that plasma levels of these steroids were determined by the preovulatory follicle. Levels of plasma Δ5 steroids were closer to follicular fluid concentrations, whereas DHEA was higher in plasma. The role of the theca and granulosa is discussed in relation to the synthesis of progesterone and oestradiol-17β in follicles as ovulation approaches.

SYNCHRONIZATION OF ESTRUS AND ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN BEEF CATTLE

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Baker ◽  
E. G. Coggins
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Treatment Service ◽  
Time Required

Fifty Aberdeen Angus cows were group-fed 1 kg of meal containing 10 mg of 6-chloro-Δ6-17 acetoxyprogesterone (CAP) per female per day for 14 days, followed by 1 kg of meal containing 5 mg of CAP per female per day for 4 days. Twenty-five cows were injected with 1,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 48 hr after the last CAP feeding. The cows injected with HCG were artificially inseminated 12–24 hr after the injection. Non-injected cows were inseminated approximately 12 hr after the onset of standing heat. CAP was successful in suppressing estrus in 47 (94%) of the cows during the feeding period. Seven of the 20 non-injected cows which showed heat conceived to the first post-treatment service. Six of the 15 HCG-injected cows which showed heat and four of the 10 HCG-injected cows which did not show heat conceived to the first post-treatment service. Of the 27 cows which showed a second post-treatment estrus and were inseminated, 13 cows conceived, giving a total of 30 cows conceiving to the artificial insemination services. The HCG injection had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on the incidence of estrus or conception; however, it did eliminate the problem of detecting estrus and significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the time required for restraining and inseminating the cows.

Concentrations of arachidonate metabolites, steroids and histamine in preovulatory horse follicles after administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin and the effect of intrafollicular injection of indomethacin

1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Watson ◽  
P. L. Sertich
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Arachidonate Metabolites ◽  
Ovulatory Process ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT This study investigated the sequence of hormonal changes within the preovulatory follicles of mares. Mares were injected i.v. with 2500 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) when a preovulatory follicle of 35 mm in diameter was detected. Fluid was aspirated from preovulatory follicles before (0 h), and 12, 24 and 36 h after administration of hCG. Concentrations of progesterone, prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGF, 6-keto-PGF1α and thromboxane B2 in follicular fluid increased significantly (P<0·01) between 0 and 36 h. At 36 h, PGE2 was present in highest concentrations, followed by PGF and 6-keto-PGF1α; thromboxane B2 was present at lower concentrations than other prostanoids. Concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α increased significantly (P<0·05) between 24 and 36 h. Leukotriene B4, leukotriene C4 and histamine were present in follicular fluid at all sampling periods and did not change significantly over time. In another experiment, buffered saline or indomethacin (either 100 or 500 μg) was injected into preovulatory follicles on the day that they reached 35 mm in diameter to determine whether blocking intrafollicular PG synthesis would affect ovulation. The interval between intrafollicular injection and ultrasonographic detection of luteinization was significantly longer (P<0·05) in mares treated with 500 μg indomethacin. Plasma progesterone concentrations were significantly (P<0·05) lower in indomethacin-treated mares than in control mares on the first 5 days after injection. These results indicate that intrafollicular concentrations of PGs increase significantly before ovulation in mares and may be involved in the ovulatory process. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 129, 131–139

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