Regional Solutions for IDPs in Asia

Abstract. Time series of regional 2° × 2° Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) solutions have been computed from 2003 to 2011 with a 10-day resolution by using an energy integral method over Australia (112° E–156° E; 44° S–10° S). This approach uses the dynamical orbit analysis of GRACE Level 1 measurements, and specially accurate along-track K-band range rate (KBRR) residuals with a 1 μm s−1 level of errors, to estimate the total water mass over continental regions. The advantages of regional solutions are a significant reduction of GRACE aliasing errors (i.e. north–south stripes) providing a more accurate estimation of water mass balance for hydrological applications. In this paper, the validation of these regional solutions over Australia is presented, as well as their ability to describe water mass change as a response of climate forcings such as El Niño. Principal component analysis of GRACE-derived total water storage (TWS) maps shows spatial and temporal patterns that are consistent with independent data sets (e.g. rainfall, climate index and in situ observations). Regional TWS maps show higher spatial correlations with in situ water table measurements over Murray–Darling drainage basin (80–90%), and they offer a better localization of hydrological structures than classical GRACE global solutions (i.e. Level 2 Groupe de Recherche en Géodésie Spatiale (GRGS)) products and 400 km independent component analysis solutions as a linear combination of GRACE solutions provided by different centers.

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Informal Regional Institutions and National Resilience

Handbook of Research on the Empirical Aspects of Strategic Trade Negotiations and Management - Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-7568-0.ch002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 28-52

Author(s):

Larry Crump

Keyword(s):

Best Practice ◽

National Development ◽

Adaptation Strategy ◽

Regional Institutions ◽

The Pacific ◽

Regional Institution ◽

Development Goals ◽

Informal Structure ◽

Regional Solutions ◽

The Relationship

With the apparent demise of globalization, many states are turning to regional solutions to achieve trade and development goals while institutional structure is fundamental to the strategic and managerial operations of such associations. This study seeks to understand the strategic costs and benefits, as well as the management opportunities and challenges, of a regional institution that maintains an informal structure while specifically examining the relationship between informal regional structure and member (national) resilience. This investigation develops a resilience framework and tests it against a unique structural form, the Pacific Alliance (Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru), which operates without incorporation as a legal entity, without a centralized budget, and without a secretariat. This study reasons that an informal regional institution supports national resilience through an adaptation strategy but not an adaptability strategy and concludes that an informal regional model appears to support continual national development through the adoption of member ‘best practice'.

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Consensus Building among Multi-stakeholders in Intercity Cooperation: Drivers and Challenges in the Case of Kitakyushu and Davao

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ◽

10.5296/emsd.v9i4.17762 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Larissa De Miranda Alem

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Environmental Planning ◽

Consensus Building ◽

Shared Understanding ◽

Multiple Stakeholders ◽

Global Challenges ◽

International Projects ◽

Sustainable Societies ◽

Multi Stakeholder ◽

Regional Solutions

Cities emerged as international agents and started engaging in intercity cooperation as a mechanism to address global challenges through regional solutions and also join resources to tackle local challenges and fulfill their management responsibilities. Collaborative planning to improve environmental conditions is one of the possible scopes for international cooperation, as stakeholders can share multiple information, knowledge, technologies, and governance experience. However, despite the benefits in a multi-stakeholder scheme, building consensus in such a diversified setting is a complex, time-consuming process, to reach a shared understanding about a certain problem and possible ways to address it.During the last decade, the Japanese government, one of the largest world’s donors of gross ODA, has been increasing the funding activities to promote intercity collaboration for the development of more sustainable societies, engaging multiple stakeholders for a wide diversity of projects. This research had selected three international projects in Davao, supported by Kitakyushu, and identified four groups of major drivers and challenges (communication, political and institutional, financial, and technical) that can either foster or hinder consensus building among multi-stakeholders in the context of intercity cooperation for collaborative environmental planning.

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Australian border policing: regional ‘solutions’ and neocolonialism

Race & Class ◽

10.1177/0306396813509197 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 71-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Michael Grewcock

Keyword(s):

Regional Solutions

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Regional wastewater treatment–an economical solution? Data from 40 years of operation gives the answer

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2016.031 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 260-265

Author(s):

P. Balmér

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Point Of View ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Economic Data ◽

Economic Point ◽

Capital Costs ◽

Operation Costs ◽

The Cost ◽

Regional Solutions

Economic data from 40 years of operation of three regional wastewater treatment companies have been compiled and analysed. The transport systems consist mainly of gravity flow tunnels with lengths of 55–120 km. In spite of the heavy initial investments <20% of the cumulative total costs can be allocated to the transport systems. The treatment plants all remove 90% or more of the influent Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and phosphorus and 65–80% of the nitrogen. The wastewater treatment is responsible for about 90% of the cumulative operation costs while the transport system is responsible for 20–40% of the cumulative capital costs. Over time the cost of the transport systems has decreased considerably and is after 40 years of operation only 4–13% of the total costs. Although the main benefit of the regional solutions has been the transfer of wastewater from sensitive inland streams and lakes, the data presented give strong evidence that the regional solutions also has been advantageous from an economic point of view.

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