Evaluation of the solid digestate from garage-type high solids anaerobic digestion of bundled rice straw and swine manure as a growth medium for seeding production

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 3017-3028
Author(s):  
Jingjing Fu ◽  
Biao Ma ◽  
Binxing Xu ◽  
Chunsong Guan ◽  
Aibing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Solid ◽  
Water Holding

The solid digestate from high solid anaerobic digestion was used as growth medium for seeding production. The garage-type dry fermentation system using bundled rice straw and swine manure was performed to obtain solid digestate. The addition of solid digestate addition greatly influenced the properties of the growth medium. The bulk density increased and the total porosity, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) values were decreased with the reduction of solid digestate. The solid digestate-based media had a bulk density < 0.3 g/cm3, total porosity > 70%, air filled porosity ~ 3%, water holding porosity > 60%, EC < 3 mS/cm, and 6.5 < pH < 8. Those properties almost satisfied the essential requirements of nursery substrate. Also, the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals of the substrate exhibited a positive relationship with solid digestate addition, and they are all within acceptable ranges for plant growth. When the addition of solid digestate was 50% (v/v), the germination rate of tomato seeding cultivated in that solid digestate-based growth medium reached 85%. These findings showed that the solid digestate from the high solid anaerobic digestion could be successfully applied in the seeding nursery and merit consideration for industrial applications.

scholarly journals Mass and Energy Balances of Dry Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion Treating Swine Manure Mixed with Rice Straw

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhou ◽  
Jining Zhang ◽  
Guoyan Zou ◽  
Shohei Riya ◽  
Masaaki Hosomi
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Manure Treatment ◽  
Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Forage Rice ◽  
Energy Balances ◽  
Mass And Energy Balances

To evaluate the feasibility of swine manure treatment by a proposed Dry Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion (DT-AD) system, we evaluated the methane yield of swine manure treated using a DT-AD method with rice straw under different C/N ratios and solid retention time (SRT) and calculated the mass and energy balances when the DT-AD system is used for swine manure treatment from a model farm with 1000 pigs and the digested residue is used for forage rice production. A traditional swine manure treatment Oxidation Ditch system was used as the study control. The results suggest that methane yield using the proposed DT-AD system increased with a higher C/N ratio and shorter SRT. Correspondently, for the DT-AD system running with SRT of 80 days, the net energy yields for all treatments were negative, due to low biogas production and high heat loss of digestion tank. However, the biogas yield increased when the SRT was shortened to 40 days, and the generated energy was greater than consumed energy when C/N ratio was 20:1 and 30:1. The results suggest that with the correct optimization of C/N ratio and SRT, the proposed DT-AD system, followed by using digestate for forage rice production, can attain energy self-sufficiency.

Effects of thermal treatment on high solid anaerobic digestion of swine manure: Enhancement assessment and kinetic analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wu ◽  
Yu-ying Hu ◽  
Shi-feng Wang ◽  
Zhi-ping Cao ◽  
Huai-zhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
High Solid

Effects of long-chain aliphatic compounds on the germination and initial growth of corn, radish and spinach seedlings, and on hydrological properties of a sand growth medium

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dinel ◽  
M. Lévesque ◽  
P. Jambu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Aliphatic Compounds ◽  
Long Chain

A greenhouse and laboratory study was carried out to determine the effects of various amounts (0.5–2.0%) of long-chain aliphatic compounds (LCA) of beeswax on the germination and initial growth (25 d) of corn, radish and spinach seedlings, and on the hydraulic properties of the sand growth medium. Complete emergence was obtained for corn, irrespective of aliphatic addition, whereas, the germination rate of the other two species decreased gradually as the amount of aliphatics added increased. With 2% LCA, 40 and 60%, respectively, of radish and spinach seeds failed to germinate. Dry matter yields of the three crops were reduced by the incorporation of aliphatics. The inhibitory effect of LCA on radish and spinach seedlings, coupled with a reduced plant density, resulted in a more dramatic yield reduction. Although there was a slight increase in the total porosity of the sand treated with LCA, the addition of LCA markedly decreased amounts of pores in the 25- to 100-μm class. It was concluded that the LCA influenced seed germination to various degrees, depending on the plant species, and that these compounds had a definite inhibitory effect on growth of seedlings, mainly through changes in the hydraulic properties of the sand. Key words: Long-chain aliphatics, germination, hydraulic properties

Enhancement of high solid anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure with rice straw pretreated by microwave and alkaline

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 100208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Qian ◽  
Genxiang Shen ◽  
Zhenqi Wang ◽  
Xinliang Zhang ◽  
Xiaohua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
High Solid

scholarly journals Substrate Properties and Fertilizer Rates on Yield Responses of Lettuce in a Vertical Growth System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6465
Author(s):  
ZaDarreyal Wiggins ◽  
Onyekachukwu Akaeze ◽  
Dilip Nandwani ◽  
Anthony Witcher
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Growth System ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

The increased demand for food and the challenge for space for agriculture production in urban centers have made the vertical growth system an interesting trend. Agriculture is no longer only the horizontal, traditional, and soil grown method. Urban agriculture has created ways for inner city growers to be able to farm in a restricted space. Vertical farming is the practice of growing crops, especially leafy vegetables such as lettuce, in vertically stacked layers, as this results in significantly higher plant population per unit area. Two research trials were conducted in the fall of 2018 and the spring of 2019 to determine the effect of substrate properties and fertilizers on lettuce yield to optimize the urban production of lettuce. Three substrates (P3 + CF7 = Perlite 30%: Coco fiber 70%, PB7 + C3 = Pine Bark 70%: Compost 30%, and PB9 + C1 = Pine Bark 90%: Compost 10%) along with full and half rates of a fertilizer blend (VertiGro Organics fermented molasses, Ohrstrom’s Maxicrop liquid seaweed, and organic mineral blend) were evaluated on fresh and dried weight yield of lettuce. Substrate physical properties (air space, water holding capacity, total porosity, and bulk density) and substrate volumetric water content were also determined. ‘Nevada’ and ‘Optima’ lettuce varieties showed similar yield responses (fresh and dried weight) to substrate and fertilizer rates in both trials. In the fall 2018 trial, the highest fresh weight was observed in substrate PB7 + C3 with half fertilizer rate, with a mean plant weight of 41.13 g and 49.75 g for ‘Optima’ and ‘Nevada’, respectively. The least mean fresh weight was observed in half fertilizer rate of substrate P3 + CF7. For the spring 2019 trial, PB7 + C3 in half fertilizer strength gave the highest fresh weight for ‘Optima’ and ‘Nevada’ (45.64 g and 41.13 g, respectively). These values were statistically comparable to all other treatments except for substrate P3 + CF7 in full and half fertilizer which gave the least mean fresh weight. Volumetric water content in substrates P3 + CF7 recorded the highest average, while PB7 + C3 gave the least. Higher water holding capacity, total porosity, and lower airspace were observed in substrate P3 + CF7. Higher airspace was observed in PB9 + C1 but was comparable to PB7 + C3. PB7 + C3 gave the highest bulk density in both trials.

scholarly journals Comparing Potting Media Available to Consumers through Garden Centers and National Chain Stores

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 658d-658
Author(s):  
Larry J. Kuhns ◽  
Tracey L. Harpster
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Chain Stores ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Water Holding

A study was initiated to determine how well plants would grow in potting media available to consumers through garden centers and national chain stores. Nine media were evaluated. The chemical and physical characteristics were determined, and six geraniums (Pelargonium sp) and six marigolds (Tagetes patula) were grown in each of the media. Three of each six were fertilized, three were not. The plants that were fertilized received 100 ppm N and K and 50 ppm P once a week. Three months after seeding the flowers, flowers and buds on the marigolds were counted and the plants were harvested. Dry weights were determined. Nitrate-N ranged from 6 to 627 ppm, pH from 4.9 to 7.1, phosphorus from 88 to 502 pounds/A, potassium from 1.0 to 6.9 meq/100 g, magnesium from 1.4 to 10.8 meq/100 g, calcium from 5.2 to 30.0 meq/100 g, soluble salts from 20 to 151 mmhos, and CEC from 13.0 to 43.8 meq/100cc. Bulk density ranged from 21 to 53 g/100cc, water holding capacity from 32 to 53 ml/100cc, percent air-pore space from 2.7 to 15.7, and total porosity ranged from 65% to 78%. Unfertilized marigolds weighed between 0.1 and 9.6 g; fertilized marigolds weighed 1.4 to 17.2 g. Unfertilized geraniums weighed between 1.4 and 23.3 g; fertilized geraniums weighed 4.4 to 56 g. There were 1.3 to 16 flowers on unfertilized and 7 to 24.3 flowers on fertilized marigolds.

scholarly journals Applying EEM- PARAFAC Analysis With Quantitative Real-Time PCR to Monitor Methanogenic Activity of High-Solid Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuying Deng ◽  
Weihua Li ◽  
Wenquan Ruan ◽  
Zhenxing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Coenzyme F420 ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
High Solid

The methanogenic activity is an important indicator to assess the efficiency of high-solid anaerobic digestion. However, it is not yet elucidated clearly how to detect the parameter rapidly and reliably in the rice straw feeding reactor. Co-inoculated with ruminal digesta and anaerobic sludge, the digestion performance was studied at three different organic loading rates (OLRs). The excitation emission matrix–parallel factor analysis (EEM–PARAFAC) was used to detect dynamic changes in the characteristic of fluorescence components. Our results revealed that CH4 productivity reached 280.90 mL/g volatile solid (VS) with a 54.39% CH4 content under the OLR of 2.26 g/(L⋅d), which amount to 80.29% of its theoretical value. At the OLR of 2.47 g/(L⋅d), the average accumulated NH4+ concentration was 1082.63 mg/L, which resulted in the hydrogenotrophic Methanobacteriales decreasing from 1.70 × 109 to 1.04 × 106 copies/g in the solid residues, whereas the acetotrophic Methanosarcinales increased from 7.89 × 106 to 9.44 × 106 copies/g. The dynamics of the methanogenic community consequently influenced the bioconversion efficiency of rice straw, and CH4 productivity was reduced to 256.54 mL/g VS. The three fluorescent components, at the excitation/emission wavelength of 420 nm/470 nm, 340 nm/430 nm, and 280 nm/340 nm, were decomposed by PARAFAC model in the digestate. Fluorescence intensities of coenzyme F420 and NADH reflected the dynamic changes of CH4-producing activity and anaerobic digestion efficiency, respectively. The coenzyme F420, unique to hydrogenotrophic methanogens, was correlated with methane yield, suggesting they played a dominant role in the anaerobic reactor. This study demonstrates that the EEM–PARAFAC combined with Q-PCR can be used to characterize methanogenic activity variation during the high-solid anaerobic digestion of rice straw with 15% total solid (TS).

Relieving ammonia inhibition by zero-valent iron (ZVI) dosing to enhance methanogenesis in the high solid anaerobic digestion of swine manure

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 452-462
Author(s):  
Xiaoshan Meng ◽  
Qianwen Sui ◽  
Jibao Liu ◽  
Dawei Yu ◽  
Yawei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Ammonia Inhibition ◽  
High Solid
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