scholarly journals Investigation of co-ensiling for the storage of grain stillage and Jerusalem artichoke residue from inulin extraction

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 7300-7336
Author(s):  
Haiwei Ren ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Yuchun Zhang ◽  
Zhiye Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Jerusalem artichoke residue (JR) was co-ensiled with grain stillage (GS) at various weight mixing ratios (JR only, 4 to 1, 2 to 1, 1.2 to 1, 1 to 1.5, 1 to 2.7, 1 to 7, and GS only) for 10, 30, and 60 d for agricultural biomass storage. Results showed that the middle level of GS to JR ratios, e.g., 1.2 to 1 and 1 to 1.5, achieved the best co-ensiling performance among all studied ratios. The water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents were significantly higher than those of the other treatments (p < 0.05), and the lignocellulose contents were significantly lower than those of other treatments (p < 0.05). The silages ensiled at the above-mentioned ratios had a higher feed value and biodegradation potential than other ratios. Lactobacillus was the dominant bacterial species during the ensiling process, and its relative abundance was significantly correlated with the content of different components, e.g., WSC, crude protein, and starch, as well as fermentation characteristics. Fungal species, e.g., Kluyveromyces and Monascus were also observed, and the relative abundance of which was positively correlated with different nutritional components. In conclusion, GS and JR can be successfully stored via co-ensiling.

Occurrence of fungal species in stored alfalfa forage as influenced by moisture content at baling and temperature during storage

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Undi ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg ◽  
N. J. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of moisture content at baling on fungal growth during storage of alfalfa forage. Alfalfa forage was baled at DM contents of 64.1–66.2% (Low), 71.9–73.2% (Medium) and 75.4–77.4% (High) and was sampled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 21, 35 and 60 d after storage. For each sample, abundance of fungal and yeast species was assessed by plating on media. Total fungal counts, number of species, species diversity, and species dominance were subjected to analysis of variance, and variation in the fungal assemblages was characterized by ordination. Total fungal counts, number of species, species diversity, and species dominance were not influenced (P > 0.05) by moisture content in the early (days 1 to 8) storage phase. Moisture content at baling did influence (P < 0.05) total counts, number of species, and species dominance in the latter phase (days 9 to 60) of storage. Total fungal counts were highest in Low DM forage, and number of species highest in Medium DM forage. Species dominance was highest in High DM forage. Low DM forage was associated with Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucor spp., Absidia spp., Emericella nidulans, and thermotolerant hyphomycetes. Aspergillus repens, Absidia spp. and some yeasts were more predominant in Medium and High DM forages. Moisture content and temperature were related to species assemblages during storage but water-soluble carbohydrate concentration, crude protein concentration and total bacteria counts were not. "Field" fungi, Phoma, Alternaria, Cladosporium spp. and most yeasts were eliminated within 8 d of storage. Physical conditions created in the early stages of storage likely affected fungal growth in the later storage phase. Key words: Moisture content, temperature, storage, alfalfa hay, fungal species, diversity

Characterisation of the WSC fraction of six species of temperate pasture grass

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 247-248
Author(s):  
J. C. Ince ◽  
A. C. Longland ◽  
A. J. Cairns ◽  
M. Moore–Colyer
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Field Plots

The carbohydrate (CHO) fraction of pasture grasses is a major source of energy for many domestic herbivores. However, the amounts, and types, of the water–soluble carbohydrate (WSC) fraction (i.e. glucose, fructose, sucrose, and polymers of sucrose and fructose, the fructans) present in such grasses, varies with species and environmental conditions. As the WSC constitute a highly digestible, energy yielding fraction of grasses, it is important to be able to measure their levels in a sward so that the diets of pastured animals may be designed to elicit optimal health and productivity. The aim of this study was to characterise the WSC profile of six UK pasture grasses, and to develop a technique for extracting the fructan portion of the WSC.Six species of UK pasture grasses [Cocksfoot (C), Timothy (T), Meadow Fescue (M), Italian Ryegrass (IR), Perennial Ryegrass (PR) and Hybrid Ryegrass (HR)] were grown in experimental field plots at IGER.

scholarly journals The effect of drying and ensiling grass on its digestion in sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Beever ◽  
D. J. Thomson ◽  
E. Pfeffer ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Proximal Duodenum ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

1. The effect of drying and ensiling ryegrass on the site of digestion of the energy andcarbohydrate fractions was studied in sheep fitted with rumen cannulas and re-entrant can-nulas in the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum.2. The sheep were given fresh (frozen) grass, dried grass, wilted and unwilted silage pre-pared from herbage harvested from the same sward. The grass diets were offered twice dailyto each animal and paper impregnated with chromium sesquioxide was administered twicedaily into the rumen. Twenty-four hour collections of duodenal and ileal digesta, adjusted togive 100 yo recovery of Cr2O3, were analysed to determine the extent of digestion in the fore-stomachs, the small intestine and the caecum and colon.3. Total digestibility of the gross energy was similar for the fresh grass, dried grass andwilted silage diets (67·4,68·1 and67·5 %)but higher for the unwilted silage (72·0 %, P < 0·01).There was an increased flow of energy into the small intestine when the sheep were given driedgrass and unwilted silage. The proportion of the apparently digested energy lost within thesmall intestine was greater when the dried grass was given (302 yo) than when the fresh grasswas given (23·6 yo).4. Drying or ensiling of wilted material affected digestion neither in the entire alimentarytract nor in the different sections of the tract, of some carbohydrate fractions. About 97 yo ofthe digested water-soluble carbohydrate, over 90 yo of the digested cellulose and over 70 yo ofthe digested hemicellulose were digested before reaching the small intestine. The increasedamount of energy entering the duodenum of the sheep given the dried grass was notaccounted for by changes in the fate of these carbohydrate fractions in the digestive tract. Withunwilted silage, digestibilities of the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions were higher, andlower proportions of the digested carbohydrates were lost before the small intestine.

Methane emissions differ between sheep offered a conventional diploid, a high-sugar diploid or a tetraploid perennial ryegrass cultivar at two allowances at three times of the year

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jonker ◽  
G. Molano ◽  
E. Sandoval ◽  
P. S. Taylor ◽  
C. Antwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Elevated Water ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Male Sheep

Elevated water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration in the diet may affect rumen fermentation and consequently reduce methane (CH4) emissions. The objective of the present study was to determine CH4 emissions from male sheep (8 per treatment) in respiration chambers for 48 h and fed either a conventional diploid (CRG), a high-sugar diploid (HSG) or a tetraploid (TRG) perennial ryegrass cultivar, each offered at 0.7 or 1.0 kg dry matter (DM)/day during periods in early spring 2013 (P1), early autumn 2014 (P2) and late spring 2014 (P3). There was a significant (P < 0.001) interaction between cultivar and period for CH4 yield (g/kg DM intake). In P1 yield was 9% lower (P = 0.007) for sheep fed HSG than for sheep fed CRG or TRG, in P2 yield was 16% lower (P < 0.001) for sheep fed TRG than that for sheep fed CRG or HSG, and in P3 yield was 15% lower (P < 0.001) for sheep fed TRG than that for sheep fed CRG, with HSG-fed sheep being intermediate and not significantly different from either CRG or TRG. Despite there being a cultivar × period interaction, overall, CH4 yield was lower for sheep fed HSG or TRG than for sheep fed CRG (P < 0.001). There were no cultivar × level of feed offer interactions and, overall, yield of CH4 was 9% higher (P = 0.003) for sheep offered 0.7 than for sheep offered 1.0 kg DM/day. In each period, one or other of the high-WSC diploid (HSG) or tetraploid cultivars (TRG) gave lower CH4 yields than did the control diploid (CRG), suggesting that CH4 yield is reduced by characteristics of these cultivars. However, the effect was not consistently associated with either cultivar and could not be attributed to higher forage water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations.

Matching grass supply to grazing patterns for dairy cows under strip-grazing management

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 49-49
Author(s):  
R.J. Orr ◽  
S.M. Rutter ◽  
P.D. Penning ◽  
N.H. Yarrow ◽  
L.D. Atkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Strip Grazing ◽  
Friesian Cows

Grazed herbage is the cheapest feed available for dairy cows but total intake of nutrients from grazed pasture alone is generally insufficient to allow high yielding dairy cows to reach their production potential. Cows have their main daily meal following afternoon milking in the period up to sunset (e.g. Rook et al., 1994 ). In addition, both the DM content and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration of grass increase over the day (e.g. Orr et al., 1997) due to the loss of moisture and the accumulation of the products of photosynthesis. Based on this evidence, this study tested the hypothesis that dairy cows receiving strip-grazing allocations following the afternoon rather than the morning milking would show higher intake rates and consequently higher milk yields.Twenty Holstein-Friesian cows (median calving date 10 February 1997) were each supplemented with 4 kg concentrates day-1 and strip-grazed a perennial ryegrass pasture in four groups of 5 cows.

scholarly journals Changes in root porosity and water soluble carbohydrates in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under submergence stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-544
Author(s):  
Md Juiceball Hassan ◽  
Md Masudul Karim ◽  
Md Amirul Islam ◽  
Md Habibur Rahman Pramanik ◽  
Md Alamgir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Stress Condition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Root Porosity ◽  
Submergence Stress ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Submergence stress at early vegetative stage is one of the most important constraints in the productivity of rice in Bangladesh. Submergence causes yield loss of rice at Aman season in Bangladesh and therefore, it is necessary to develop submergence tolerant rice cultivars. A pot experiment was conducted at the net house of Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, during Aman season from July to December, 2017 to evaluate the changes in root porosity and water soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) associated with submergence tolerance in rice. The experiment consisted of two factors—(i) Rice cultivars (Binadhan-11, Binadhan-12, BRRI dhan51 and BRRI dhan52 as tolerant and BRRI dhan49 as susceptible) and(ii) Submergence stress: Submergence for 14 days at vegetative stage and control. Submergence stress was imposed by dipping of pots into a water tank with about 90 cm depth of water while the control plants are maintained in the pot house of the field laboratory. The plants were sampled at seven days interval during submergence to determine the changes in root porosity and to examine the contribution of shoot reserves for their survival. The root porosity was measured by pycnometer method and water soluble carbohydrate was measured by the anthrone method. Tolerant cultivars showed greater root porosity development in both control and stress condition but the susceptible cultivar showed significantly lower root development in stress condition. Higher root porosity might help tolerant cultivars to survive in submergence stress more efficiently. Tolerant rice cultivars had high initial soluble carbohydrate than the susceptible one. Under submergedcondition, the tolerant cultivars showed slow depletion of water soluble carbohydrate compared to susceptible cultivar. Higher carbohydrate contents in tolerant cultivars might act as buffer stock during submergence for their better survival and growth. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 539–544, 2019

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