scholarly journals Security of Grading Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Martin MAREŠ
Keyword(s):  
System Security ◽  
Malicious Code ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Counter Measures ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Automatic Grading

Programming contests often employ automatic grading of solutions. Graders need to run potentially malicious code, which brings many security issues. We discuss various attacks on grading system security and suggest counter-measures.

scholarly journals Considerations when using an Automatic Grading System within Computer Science Modules

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Thompson ◽  
Aidan Mooney ◽  
Mark Noone ◽  
Emlyn Hegarty-Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Automatic Grading ◽  
Insight Into

This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of automatic grading systems, with a focus on their uses within Computer Science. Automatic grading systems have seen a rise in popularity in recent years with publications concerning automatic grading systems usually linked to a specific system. This paper will discuss the factors that need to be considered when using automatic grading, regardless of which system is being used, and will make recommendations for each factor. This discussion is based on the authors' experience of using an automatic grading system in a CS1 environment. From the research conducted, many elements should be considered when using these systems. These include how the code will be tested, the need for plagiarism checks and how marks are awarded. The findings of this study suggest there is a lack of defined standards when using these systems. This analysis of the considerations provides valuable insight into how these systems should be used and what the standards should be built on.

The Research on Embedded Real-Time System Security Issues in Mechanical Control

2013 ◽  
Vol 681 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Xu Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Real Time ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
System Security ◽  
Malicious Code ◽  
Real Time Systems ◽  
Time System ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Time Systems

Embedded real-time systems are facing more and more security problems. Malicious attacks on the system from suspicious or malicious code and the change of system hardware state could lead to system exception, resulting in system reliability and security deteriorated. This paper summarizes the characteristics of embedded real-time system and its special requirements for security, analyses security problems faced by embedded real-time system and defects of programming languages. And then put forward methods to improve the safety of embedded real-time system, providing a new security the idea for solving the embedded real-time system security.

Comparative Value of Facial Nerve Grading Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürg Rickenmann ◽  
Claude Jaquenod ◽  
D. Cerenko ◽  
Ugo Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Facial Palsy ◽  
Interobserver Variability ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Global Evaluation ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
The Mean

The Fisch Detailed Evaluation of Facial Symmetry (DEFS) and House-Brackmann grading system (HBGS) were compared by statistical examination for their reliability and interob-server variability. Furthermore, the correlation and agreement with a standard global evaluation were compared. Therefore 47 patients with facial palsy of different cause have been evaluated with the two systems, and the global overall evaluation was done by five otolaryngologists familiar with facial palsy. The DEFS showed a high reliability of 0.93 compared with a reliability of 0.77 with the HBGS (international standard requires a reliability of at least 0.8). The mean interobserver variability is 5.24% (SD = 3.2%) with the DEFS and 9.26% (SD = 5.0%) with the HBGS; with a confidence interval of 95%, it is 11.6% and 19.26%. The correlation of both gradings with the global evaluation was high, with r = 0.98 and r = 0.97. The DEFS shows an excellent agreement with the global overall evaluation in 41 (87%) of 47 cases and the HBGS in 32 (66%) of 47 cases.

Comparison of the reliability of two hydronephrosis grading systems: The Society for Foetal Urology grading system vs. the Onen grading system

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. e484-e490 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-Y. Kim ◽  
M.-J. Kim ◽  
C.S. Yoon ◽  
M.S. Lee ◽  
K.H. Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grading System ◽  
Grading Systems

scholarly journals Automatic Grading of Stroke Symptoms for Rapid Assessment Using Optimized Machine Learning and 4-Limb Kinematics: Clinical Validation Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunjeong Park ◽  
Kijeong Lee ◽  
Taehwa Han ◽  
Hyo Suk Nam
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Motor Weakness ◽  
Automatic Grading

BACKGROUND Subtle abnormal motor signs are indications of serious neurological diseases. Although neurological deficits require fast initiation of treatment in a restricted time, it is difficult for nonspecialists to detect and objectively assess the symptoms. In the clinical environment, diagnoses and decisions are based on clinical grading methods, including the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score or the Medical Research Council (MRC) score, which have been used to measure motor weakness. Objective grading in various environments is necessitated for consistent agreement among patients, caregivers, paramedics, and medical staff to facilitate rapid diagnoses and dispatches to appropriate medical centers. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to develop an autonomous grading system for stroke patients. We investigated the feasibility of our new system to assess motor weakness and grade NIHSS and MRC scores of 4 limbs, similar to the clinical examinations performed by medical staff. METHODS We implemented an automatic grading system composed of a measuring unit with wearable sensors and a grading unit with optimized machine learning. Inertial sensors were attached to measure subtle weaknesses caused by paralysis of upper and lower limbs. We collected 60 instances of data with kinematic features of motor disorders from neurological examination and demographic information of stroke patients with NIHSS 0 or 1 and MRC 7, 8, or 9 grades in a stroke unit. Training data with 240 instances were generated using a synthetic minority oversampling technique to complement the imbalanced number of data between classes and low number of training data. We trained 2 representative machine learning algorithms, an ensemble and a support vector machine (SVM), to implement auto-NIHSS and auto-MRC grading. The optimized algorithms performed a 5-fold cross-validation and were searched by Bayes optimization in 30 trials. The trained model was tested with the 60 original hold-out instances for performance evaluation in accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). RESULTS The proposed system can grade NIHSS scores with an accuracy of 83.3% and an AUC of 0.912 using an optimized ensemble algorithm, and it can grade with an accuracy of 80.0% and an AUC of 0.860 using an optimized SVM algorithm. The auto-MRC grading achieved an accuracy of 76.7% and a mean AUC of 0.870 in SVM classification and an accuracy of 78.3% and a mean AUC of 0.877 in ensemble classification. CONCLUSIONS The automatic grading system quantifies proximal weakness in real time and assesses symptoms through automatic grading. The pilot outcomes demonstrated the feasibility of remote monitoring of motor weakness caused by stroke. The system can facilitate consistent grading with instant assessment and expedite dispatches to appropriate hospitals and treatment initiation by sharing auto-MRC and auto-NIHSS scores between prehospital and hospital responses as an objective observation.

scholarly journals A Spreadsheet Template for Forced Grading System

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
Numerical Test ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Letter Grades ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Spreadsheet Template

Forced Grading Systems are popular and accepted for evaluating students, particularly in business schools. Under such systems students' numerical test scores are converted to letter grades (A, B, etc.) and awarded in mandated percentages. In common practice, schools mandate that 10% to 15% of students in a class receive As, 25% to 35% Bs, and 40% to 50% Cs. However, instructors must identify what numerical cutoffs satisfy mandated grade distributions, and that tedious effort might entail several solutions. This study introduces an Excel-based template with which instructors can establish numerical cutoffs that distribute students' grades in accord with mandated standards. Results indicate that the spreadsheet template is an efficient tool to evaluate students following the Forced Grading System

VoIP vs GSM Technology

2012 ◽  
pp. 280-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikponmwosa Oghogho ◽  
Dickinson C. Odikayor ◽  
Abayomi-Alli Adebayo ◽  
Samuel T. Wara
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Counter Measures ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Evolution Of Communication ◽  
Service Introduction ◽  
Technical Standardization ◽  
Intrusion Detection And Prevention

This chapter presents VoIP as a disruptive technology to GSM technology as well as the issues, controversies, and problems surrounding its deployment. It gives a general introduction of the evolution of communication systems from the POTS, to GSM, and now VoIP. Several issues that surround the deployment of VoIP such as provision of PSTN equivalent services by VoIP service providers, regulation of the service, introduction of latency and other counter measures by some operators, threat posed to PSTN providers due to emergence of VoIP, the need for technical standardization of VoIP, security issues, different cost structure, and quality of service provided were also discussed in details. Solutions and recommendations were suggested to overcome the challenges outlined. VoIP is presented as the way of the future for communication. When this finally happens depends on how fast the challenges outlined in this chapter are addressed. Future and emerging research trends in the deployment of VoIP such as locating users in a secure and reliable way, monitoring VoIP networks, as well as intrusion detection and prevention on SIP were also considered, after which, conclusion was made. This chapter is both informative and interesting.

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