scholarly journals A Spreadsheet Template for Forced Grading System

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
Numerical Test ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Letter Grades ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Spreadsheet Template

Forced Grading Systems are popular and accepted for evaluating students, particularly in business schools. Under such systems students' numerical test scores are converted to letter grades (A, B, etc.) and awarded in mandated percentages. In common practice, schools mandate that 10% to 15% of students in a class receive As, 25% to 35% Bs, and 40% to 50% Cs. However, instructors must identify what numerical cutoffs satisfy mandated grade distributions, and that tedious effort might entail several solutions. This study introduces an Excel-based template with which instructors can establish numerical cutoffs that distribute students' grades in accord with mandated standards. Results indicate that the spreadsheet template is an efficient tool to evaluate students following the Forced Grading System

Comparative Value of Facial Nerve Grading Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürg Rickenmann ◽  
Claude Jaquenod ◽  
D. Cerenko ◽  
Ugo Fisch
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Facial Palsy ◽  
Interobserver Variability ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Global Evaluation ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
The Mean

The Fisch Detailed Evaluation of Facial Symmetry (DEFS) and House-Brackmann grading system (HBGS) were compared by statistical examination for their reliability and interob-server variability. Furthermore, the correlation and agreement with a standard global evaluation were compared. Therefore 47 patients with facial palsy of different cause have been evaluated with the two systems, and the global overall evaluation was done by five otolaryngologists familiar with facial palsy. The DEFS showed a high reliability of 0.93 compared with a reliability of 0.77 with the HBGS (international standard requires a reliability of at least 0.8). The mean interobserver variability is 5.24% (SD = 3.2%) with the DEFS and 9.26% (SD = 5.0%) with the HBGS; with a confidence interval of 95%, it is 11.6% and 19.26%. The correlation of both gradings with the global evaluation was high, with r = 0.98 and r = 0.97. The DEFS shows an excellent agreement with the global overall evaluation in 41 (87%) of 47 cases and the HBGS in 32 (66%) of 47 cases.

Comparison of the reliability of two hydronephrosis grading systems: The Society for Foetal Urology grading system vs. the Onen grading system

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. e484-e490 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-Y. Kim ◽  
M.-J. Kim ◽  
C.S. Yoon ◽  
M.S. Lee ◽  
K.H. Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grading System ◽  
Grading Systems

scholarly journals Comparing Car T Cells Toxicities Grading Systems: Application of Astct Grading System and Implications for Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. S40-S41
Author(s):  
Martina Pennisi ◽  
Tania Jain ◽  
Elena Mead ◽  
Bianca Santomasso ◽  
Mari Lynne Silverberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Car T Cells ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Car T

scholarly journals Severity of Postoperative Complications From the Perspective of the Patient

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1568-1576
Author(s):  
Victoria R Rendell ◽  
Alexander B Siy ◽  
Linda M Cherney Stafford ◽  
Ryan K Schmocker ◽  
Glen E Leverson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Surgery ◽  
Patient Perspective ◽  
Surgical Complication ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Provider Perspectives ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Severity Grading ◽  
Patient And Provider Perspectives ◽  
Mailed Survey

Background: Although provider-derived surgical complication severity grading systems exist, little is known about the patient perspective. Objective: To assess patient-rated complication severity and determine concordance with existing grading systems. Methods: A survey asked general surgery patients to rate the severity of 21 hypothetical postoperative events representing grades 1 to 5 complications from the Accordion Severity Grading System. Concordance with the Accordion scale was examined. Separately, descriptive ratings of 18 brief postoperative events were ranked. Results: One hundred sixty-eight patients returned a mailed survey following their discharge from a general surgery service. Patients rated grade 4 complications highest. Grade 1 complications were rated similarly to grade 5 and higher than grades 2 and 3 ( P ≤ .01). Patients rated one event not considered an Accordion scale complication higher than all but grade 4 complications ( P < .001). The brief events also did not follow the Accordion scale, other than the grade 6 complication ranking highest. Conclusion: Patient-rated complication severity is discordant with provider-derived grading systems, suggesting the need to explore important differences between patient and provider perspectives.

scholarly journals Feline Invasive Mammary Carcinomas: Prognostic Value of Histological Grading

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 660-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie Dagher ◽  
Jérôme Abadie ◽  
Delphine Loussouarn ◽  
Mario Campone ◽  
Frédérique Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Histological Grading ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Mammary Carcinomas ◽  
Histologic Grading ◽  
Grading Systems

Feline mammary carcinomas are highly malignant tumors usually associated with poor outcome. Nevertheless, survival times can differ significantly according to various prognostic factors. The Elston and Ellis (EE) histologic grading system, originally developed for human breast cancer, is commonly used to grade feline mammary carcinomas, although it is not really adapted for this species, hence the need of a more relevant grading system. Although few veterinary studies attempted to validate previously published results in an independent cohort, the aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic value of different histologic grading systems in feline invasive mammary carcinomas, including the EE grading system applicable to human breast cancers and the modified and newly designed histologic grading systems recently proposed by Mills et al. Survey data and histologic features of 342 feline invasive mammary carcinomas were analyzed with respect to overall and cancer-specific survival. The histological grading system with best prognostic value was the mitotic-modified Elston and Ellis (MMEE) grading system: grade III carcinomas ( P = .04, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.46, 95% CI, 1.01–2.11), grade II ( P = .03, HR = 1.39, 95% CI, 1.03–1.88), and grade I carcinomas (HR = 1.00, reference), with decreasing hazard ratios significantly were associated with a worse overall survival, independently from the pathologic tumor size (pT ≥ 20 mm: P = .002, HR = 1.45, 95% CI, 1.15–1.83) and positive nodal stage ( P = .001, HR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.18–1.94). This retrospective study validates Mills et al’s proposal to adapt the thresholds for mitotic counts to better assess the histological grade of the highly proliferative mammary carcinomas encountered in the cat.

scholarly journals Comparing CAR T-cell toxicity grading systems: application of the ASTCT grading system and implications for management

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Pennisi ◽  
Tania Jain ◽  
Bianca D. Santomasso ◽  
Elena Mead ◽  
Kitsada Wudhikarn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Immune Effector ◽  
Car T Cell ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Car T

Abstract Various grading systems are currently used for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell–related toxicity, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). We compared the recently proposed American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) grading system to other grading scores in 2 populations of adults: patients (n = 53) with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) treated with 1928z CAR T-cells (clinicaltrials.gov #NCT01044069), and patients (n = 49) with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with axicabtagene-ciloleucel (axi-cel) or tisagenlecleucel after US Food and Drug Administration approval. According to ASTCT grading, 82% of patients had CRS, 87% in the B-ALL and 77% in the DLBCL groups (axi-cel: 86%, tisagenlecleucel: 54%), whereas 50% of patients experienced ICANS, 55% in the B-ALL and 45% in the DLBCL groups (axi-cel: 55%, tisagenlecleucel: 15%). All grading systems agreed on CRS and ICANS diagnosis in 99% and 91% of cases, respectively. However, when analyzed grade by grade, only 25% and 54% of patients had the same grade in each system for CRS and ICANS, respectively, as different systems score symptoms differently (upgrading or downgrading their severity), leading to inconsistent final grades. Investigation of possible management implications in DLBCL patients showed that different recommendations on tocilizumab and steroids across current guidelines potentially result in either overtreating or delaying treatment. Moreover, because these guidelines are based on single products and different grading systems, they cannot be universally applied. To avoid discrepancies in assessing and managing toxicities of different products, we propose that unified grading be used across clinical trials and in practice and that paired management guidelines with product-specific indications be developed.

Intrinsic Vs Extrinsic Motivation in Learning Disabled Children

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Tarpley Reeve ◽  
Ann Booker Loper
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Report Card ◽  
School Behavior ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Behavioral Ratings ◽  
Letter Grades ◽  
Extrinsic Orientation

44 children identified as learning disabled were administered Harter's Scale of Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Orientation in the Classroom. Scores were correlated with several indices of school behavior, standardized achievement test scores, report-card letter grades, and teachers' behavioral ratings. No consistent pattern of relationship was evidenced between the scale and academic achievement as assessed by standardized tests and report-card letter grades. However, a weak but statistically significant pattern of relationship ( rs .24 to .33) was noted between two subscales of the Harter scale and teachers' behavioral ratings. Internality on these subscales tended to be associated with higher teachers' ratings.

EVALUATION OF NORMAL AND MODIFIED ASPHALT ACCORDING TO CONVENTIONAL AND MODERN GRADING SYSTEMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maram Saudy ◽  
Safwan Khedr
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Asphalt Performance ◽  
Grading Standards ◽  
High Level ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Different Sources

Asphalt plays a significant role in pavement quality. The need for high-performance pavements with long service life and low maintenance requirements is the motive behind thorough research and studies of asphalt characteristics. This research focuses on studying all sources of Egyptian asphalt over a span of time using both conventional and Superpave grading techniques in order to characterize asphalt performance and also to answer the question whether the Egyptian asphalts need modification. The results of this research indicate that all Egyptian normal (virgin) 60/70 asphalt samples from different sources failed to meet penetration grading requirements, viscosity grading standards AC-20 (high quality); with minor exceptions, viscosity grading system AC-20 (low quality), and both AR-8000 and AR-1000 Aged Residue grading systems. When Superpave grading system was employed, results indicate that all normal asphalt samples failed to meet the basic requirements (without traffic adjustment) according to the Egyptian climatic requirements for high reliability projects (PG70-10 and PG76-10). The testing results accommodate Superpave requirements for lower levels of reliability and/or lower level of conservativeness. This emphasizes the flexibility and reliability of Superpave grading system as compared to conventional grading systems. On the other hand all modified asphalt samples, using an SBS modifier, passed according to the base high reliability projects and/or high level of conservativeness requirements of the Superpave grading system. Finally it is concluded that Egyptian asphalt should be modified in order to provide satisfactory performance especially for high reliability projects in hot regions with high and/or slow traffic.

The Grading of Cultural Relics in Chinese Law

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Lau
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Property ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Law ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Current State ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Cultural Relic ◽  
The Law ◽  
Cultural Relics

AbstractLegal systems which triage protection to cultural relics based on a relic grading system have been adopted by several countries. This article examines the implementation of such a relic grading framework by the People's Republic of China. The current state of the law is summarized, and a recent criminal trial is described to illustrate the role the grading system plays within the law. The factors involved in defining the grades of cultural relics are then discussed in context of a cultural relic structural framework, with emphasis to both the state values that they serve and their ability to promote the objective of cultural property protection. The analysis highlights the problems and general considerations with the use of relic grading systems as a means to protect a large number of relics with finite resources.

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