Three dimensional printed scaffolds and biomaterials for periodontal regeneration-an insight

The three-dimensional printing of scaffolds is an interesting alternative to the traditional techniques of periodontal regeneration. This technique uses computer assisted design and manufacturing after CT scan. After 3D modelling, individualized scaffolds are printed by extrusion, selective laser sintering, stereolithography, or powder bed inkjet printing. These scaffolds can be made of one or several materials such as natural polymers, synthetic polymers, or bioceramics. They can be monophasic or multiphasic and tend to recreate the architectural structure of the periodontal tissue. In order to enhance the bioactivity and have a higher regeneration, the scaffolds can be embedded with stem cells and/or growth factors. This new technique could enhance a complete periodontal regeneration. This review summarizes the application of 3D printed scaffolds in periodontal regeneration. The process, the materials and designs, the key advantages and prospects of 3D bioprinting are highlighted, providing new ideas for tissue regeneration.

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A New Leap in Periodontics: Three-dimensional (3D) Printing

Journal of Advanced Oral Research ◽

10.1177/2229411217729102 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1-2) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Ruchir Patel ◽

Tejal Sheth ◽

Shilpi Shah ◽

Mihir Shah

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Automobile Industry ◽

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Smart Devices ◽

Three Dimensional Printing ◽

3D Printers ◽

Manufacturing Applications ◽

The Masses ◽

Dimensional Printing

Dentistry is truly a great profession and recently it is coming to the terms of use of technology and tech-savvy dentists, who nowadays use smart devices to make their life easier. Researchers are constantly innovating to integrate techno-logy into dentistry. Of all the latest technological innovations in dentistry, the most talked about innovations are three-dimensional (3D) printing and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), which have made the treatment planning and execution a whole lot easier. Three-dimensional printing like CBCT has been gaining much popularity in the masses. Three-dimensional printing technologies are evolving rapidly in the recent years and can be used with a wide array of different materials. In addition to rapid prototyping, the dominant use in the past, they are now being used in all manner of manufacturing applications in a diversity of industries such as sports goods, fashion items such as jewelry and necklaces to aerospace components, tools for automobile industry, and medical implants also in dentistry for producing models, making scaffolds, etc. In future, 3D printing has ability to change the way many products are manufactured and produced and bring an era of ‘personal manufacturing’. This article introduces 3D printing and gives little information about the technology behind the working of 3D printers. It also gives information about the applications of 3D printers and materials most often used for 3D printed scaffolds for periodontal regeneration.

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Influence of Materials Properties on Bio-Physical Features and Effectiveness of 3D-Scaffolds for Periodontal Regeneration

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26061643 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1643

Author(s):

Nicola d’Avanzo ◽

Maria Chiara Bruno ◽

Amerigo Giudice ◽

Antonia Mancuso ◽

Federica De Gaetano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Scaffolds ◽

Materials Properties ◽

Severe Infections ◽

Systemic Side Effects ◽

Bad Breath ◽

Multifactorial Disorders ◽

Physical Features

Periodontal diseases are multifactorial disorders, mainly due to severe infections and inflammation which affect the tissues (i.e., gum and dental bone) that support and surround the teeth. These pathologies are characterized by bleeding gums, pain, bad breath and, in more severe forms, can lead to the detachment of gum from teeth, causing their loss. To date it is estimated that severe periodontal diseases affect around 10% of the population worldwide thus making necessary the development of effective treatments able to both reduce the infections and inflammation in injured sites and improve the regeneration of damaged tissues. In this scenario, the use of 3D scaffolds can play a pivotal role by providing an effective platform for drugs, nanosystems, growth factors, stem cells, etc., improving the effectiveness of therapies and reducing their systemic side effects. The aim of this review is to describe the recent progress in periodontal regeneration, highlighting the influence of materials’ properties used to realize three-dimensional (3D)-scaffolds, their bio-physical characteristics and their ability to provide a biocompatible platform able to embed nanosystems.

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Bioscaffolds in Periodontal Regeneration

Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia ◽

10.2174/2210681208666180604092506 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 428-436

Author(s):

Jothi Varghese ◽

Rudra Mohan

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Research Work ◽

Periodontal Regeneration ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

Modern Technology ◽

Cellular Growth ◽

Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽

Biomedical Science ◽

Periodontal Tissues

Background: Tissue engineering is a highly evolving field in periodontology which incorporates the use of cells, signalling molecules and scaffolds thereby creating a three dimensional microenvironment facilitating cellular growth and function for restoration of lost tissues due to periodontal disease. This review discusses the various types, ideal characteristics, properties and applications of potential scaffolds that can be used in periodontal regeneration with the help of principles of tissue engineering. Methods: Research work pertaining to bioscaffolds for periodontal regeneration were selected using key words in major databases and internet sources. Results: Studies related to various features of scaffold and its inherent properties were searched and analysed. Data were organized considering the sources of its origin and salient features of these inert matrices. Specific probe into the techniques and medium used for developing scaffolds were cited. Further, bioactive ceramic materials which are involved in stimulating cell proliferation, and bone tissue regeneration, which may also facilitate periodontal regeneration were mentioned. Likewise, few data linked to different types of biodegradable synthetic scaffolds and its advantages were considered. The progress of science in various fabrication techniques and newer advances using modern technology such as tissue engineering approaches, 3D printing and physical & chemical methods to enhance the physical properties are being used to make them more versatile for the application in the field of biomedical science. Conclusion: In lieu of the available literature search and vast progress in material science, scaffolds construction for cellular regeneration requires wide exploration. Furthermore, when these scaffolds are placed at a particular site, it should be able to restore lost periodontal tissue. Also, the newer innovative technologies like the 3D version of biomimicking, nano/micro-based scaffolds displays potential for further extensive research and complete regeneration of periodontal tissues.

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The orbit of Pluto over a long interval of time

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900105509 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 227-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Brouwer

Keyword(s):

Periodic Orbit ◽

Numerical Integration ◽

Restricted Problem ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

The Third ◽

Circular Restricted Problem ◽

Resonance Relation

The paper presents a summary of the results obtained by C. J. Cohen and E. C. Hubbard, who established by numerical integration that a resonance relation exists between the orbits of Neptune and Pluto. The problem may be explored further by approximating the motion of Pluto by that of a particle with negligible mass in the three-dimensional (circular) restricted problem. The mass of Pluto and the eccentricity of Neptune's orbit are ignored in this approximation. Significant features of the problem appear to be the presence of two critical arguments and the possibility that the orbit may be related to a periodic orbit of the third kind.

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Decision letter for "An isomorphic three‐dimensional cortical model of the pig rostrum"

10.1002/cne.25073/v3/decision1 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Cortical Model

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Review for "An isomorphic three‐dimensional cortical model of the pig rostrum"

10.1002/cne.25073/v2/review1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Joshua Craig Brumberg

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Cortical Model

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Conformation of Ribosomes from Escherichia Coli

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100051062 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 210-211

Author(s):

M. Boublik ◽

W. Hellmann ◽

F. Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Binding Sites ◽

Ribosomal Proteins ◽

Fluorescent Dyes ◽

Protein Biosynthesis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Spatial Arrangement ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Complete Understanding ◽

And Function

The present knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of ribosomes is far too limited to enable a complete understanding of the various roles which ribosomes play in protein biosynthesis. The spatial arrangement of proteins and ribonuclec acids in ribosomes can be analysed in many ways. Determination of binding sites for individual proteins on ribonuclec acid and locations of the mutual positions of proteins on the ribosome using labeling with fluorescent dyes, cross-linking reagents, neutron-diffraction or antibodies against ribosomal proteins seem to be most successful approaches. Structure and function of ribosomes can be correlated be depleting the complete ribosomes of some proteins to the functionally inactive core and by subsequent partial reconstitution in order to regain active ribosomal particles.

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